Tail Elevators - Platform Lifts For Mounting On Wheeled Vehicles - Safety Requirements - Part 1: Tail Elevators For Goods

ISSN 0335-3931
NF EN 1756-1
August 2021
Classification number : R 18-905-1
ICS : 53.020.99
Tail elevators - Platform lifts for mounting on

wheeled vehicles - Safety requirements - Part 1:
Tail elevators for goods
E: Tail lifts - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles - Safety requirements -
Part 1: Tail lifts for goods
D: Hubladebühnen - Plattformlifte für die Anbringung an Radfahrzeugen -
Safety requirements - Part 1: Hubladebühnen für Güter
French standard
approved by decision of the Director General of AFNOR in September 2021.
Replaces the approved standard NF EN 1756-1+A1 of May 2008.
Correspondence The European Standard EN 1756-1:2021 is implemented with the status of a French
standard by publishing an identical text.
The English version of this French standard was pre-published as soon as the
European standard was available, in August 2021.
Summary This document specifies the safety requirements for the design of tail elevators for
mounting on wheeled goods vehicles. It also specifies the verification of these
elevators and the safety information that must be provided for their use.
It addresses technical requirements to minimize hazards that may occur during the
operation of tail elevators when used in accordance with the intended
specifications and under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the
manufacturer or his authorized representative.
Normen-Download-Beuth-DHOLLANDIA-VERTRETUNG AG-KdNr.8233508-LfNr.10117151001-2022-01-17 12:28
Descriptors International Technical Thesaurus: lifting equipment, elevator, platform,

commercial road vehicle, goods transport, accident prevention, machine safety,
design, safety measurement, speed measurement, stability, hydraulic transmission,
mechanical transmission, control device, verification, instruction, use, marking.
Changes Compared to the replaced document, the standard has been revised to include
clarifications on the requirement levels for control devices (including remote
controls).
Corrections
Published and distributed by the Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR) - 11, rue Francis de Pressensé - 93571 La Plaine Saint-Denis
Cedex Tel: + 33 (0)1 41 62 80 00 - Fax: + 33 (0)1 49 17 90 00 - www.afnor.org
AFNOR - All rights reserved Version of 2021-08-P

NF EN 1756-1- 2 -
The The standard is intended to serve as a basis for relations between economic,
standard scientific, technical and social partners.
The standard by nature is voluntary. Referenced in a contract, it is binding on the
parties. A regulation can make all or part of a standard mandatory.
The standard is a document developed by consensus within a standards body by
soliciting representatives of all interested parties. Its adoption is preceded by a public
inquiry.
The standard is regularly reviewed to assess its relevance over time. All French
standards take effect the month following their approval date.
To understand The reader's attention is drawn to the following points:

the standards Only the verbal forms shall and shall are used to express a requirement or
requirements that must be met to comply with this document. These requirements may
be found in the body of the standard or in an annex designated as "normative". For
test methods, the use of the infinitive is a requirement.
Phrases such as, it is appropriate and it is recommended are used to express a
preferred but not required possibility for compliance with this document. The verb
forms may and may are used to express a helpful but not required suggestion or
advice, or permission.
In addition, this document may provide additional information to assist in the
understanding or use of certain items or to clarify their application, without stating a
requirement to be met. These items are presented as informative notes or
appendices.
Commission A standardization committee brings together, in a given field of activity, the expertise
of necessary for the development of French standards and French positions on draft
standardization European or international standards. It can also prepare experimental standards and
documentation booklets.
The composition of the standards committee that developed this document is given
below. When an expert represents a body different from his or her parent body, this
information appears in the form: parent body (represented body).
You have used this document, share your experience with those who
developed it.
Scan the QR Code to access the questionnaire in this document or find us at
http://norminfo.afnor.org/norme/127575.
-3 -NF IN 1756-1
Specific aspects of commercial vehicles,

buses and trailersBNA
CN-40
Composition of the standardization committee

President: M PREUD'HOMME
Secretariat: M CHEVAUCHE - BNA
M ARNAULD MTS - MECHANICAL TOLERIE LOCKSMITHING
M BARBIER RENAULT TRUCKS LYON

M BEUNAS AUTOMAXI INTERNATIONAL
M DELENCRE MGTS DESIGN
MME DURAND BNA
MME FATET RENAULT TRUCKS LYON
M FLEURY DHOLLANDIA FRANCE
MME GINESTY SFN EXPERT
M GRATIEN ETS MOTTEZ & CIE
M JOURDAN POLAR
M KSIAZEK IDVU - RENAULT
M LAGANTE DECATHLON
M LEALI SKEP
M MADASCHI LNE - LABO NAL DE METROLOGIE ET D'ESSAIS
M MILLIET DE FAVERGES PSA AUTOMOBILES SA
M MINART LNE - LABO NAL DE METROLOGIE ET D'ESSAIS
M MOREAU PSA AUTOMOBILES SA

M PHAN RENAULT SAS
M PICART SFN EXPERT
M PREUD'HOMME POMMIER SAS
M RATSIMIHAH INRS
M SAGNIER PSA AUTOMOBILES SA
M SONAN CCFA
M VIÉ MTS - MECHANICAL TOLERIE LOCKSMITHING
With special thanks to : M Joseph RATSIMIHAH, and M Loïc FLEURY
National Foreword
The regulations of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) require that the European Standards
adopted by its members be transformed into national standards within six months of their ratification and that
conflicting national standards be withdrawn.
For this reason, CEN has established a transitional period necessary for the completion of this set of European
Standards, during which time CEN members are allowed to maintain their own previously adopted national
standards.
EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 1756-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
August 2021
ICS 53.020.99; CReplaces EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008
French version
Tail elevators - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled

vehicles - Safety requirements - Part 1: Tail elevators for
goods
Hubladebühnen - Plattformlifte für die Anbringung an Tail lifts - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled
Radfahrzeugen - Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 1: vehicles - Safety requirements - Part 1: Tail lifts for
Hubladebühnen für Güter goods
This European Standard was adopted by CEN on 11 July 2021.
CEN members are bound by the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, which define the conditions under which the status of a
National Standard is to be granted to the European Standard without modification. The updated lists and bibliographic references
of these national standards can be obtained from the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or from the CEN members.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French and German). A version in another language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its national language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre, has the same status as the official versions.
The members of CEN are the national standards bodies of the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Northern Macedonia, Republic of Serbia, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
C OMITÉ EURO PÉEN DE N ORMA LISA TIO

N EUROPÄISCHES KO MIT E E FÜR
NO RMUNG EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR
STANDARDIZATION
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form or manner whatsoever are reserved Ref. no. EN 1756-1:2021 F
worldwide to CEN National Members.
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European Foreword ..................................................................................................................................6

Introduction..............................................................................................................................................7
1 Field of application .............................................................................................................................9
2 Normative references ...............................................................................................................10
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................11
4 List of significant hazardous phenomena.................................................................................17
5 Requirements and/or prevention measures............................................................................20
5.1 General requirements................................................................................................................20
5.2 Working area ..............................................................................................................................20
5.3 Manual effort.............................................................................................................................21
5.4 Operating speeds........................................................................................................................21
5.4.1 General .......................................................................................................................................21
5.4.2 Vertical speed ............................................................................................................................21
5.4.3 Folding and deployment speeds ...............................................................................................21
5.4.4 Tilt speed ............................................................................................................................................22
5.5 Load stability ..............................................................................................................................22
5.5.1 Tilt angle .............................................................................................................................................22
5.5.2 Stops ...........................................................................................................................................22
5.6 End of the race ...........................................................................................................................22
5.7 Cable and Pipe Layout................................................................................................................23
5.8 Unauthorized use .......................................................................................................................23
5.9 Power supply..............................................................................................................................23
5.9.1 Separation of energy sources....................................................................................................23
5.9.2 Electrical installation of the tailgate.........................................................................................23
5.10 Tailgate travel position ..............................................................................................................23
5.10.1 Indication ...................................................................................................................................23
5.10.2 Security .......................................................................................................................................23

5.11 Crushing and shearing................................................................................................................24
5.12 Static load factors.......................................................................................................................24
5.13 Platform ......................................................................................................................................24
5.13.1 Surface ........................................................................................................................................24
5.13.2 Sharpness of the edges ..............................................................................................................24
5.13.3 Elevator gate used as a bridge ..................................................................................................25
5.13.4 Visibility of the platform............................................................................................................25
5.14 Transmission systems.................................................................................................................25
5.14.1 Involuntary movements ............................................................................................................25
5.14.2 Mechanical suspension systems ...............................................................................................26
5.14.3 Hydraulic systems.......................................................................................................................27
5.15 Safety devices .............................................................................................................................28
5.15.1 Safety-related functions ............................................................................................................28
5.15.2 Security mechanisms ...................................................................................................................29
5.15.3 Internal springs for safety devices............................................................................................29
5.16 Load control................................................................................................................................29
5.16.1 Inability to lift overloads ...........................................................................................................29
5.16.2 Excessive time .............................................................................................................................29
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
5.17 Controls .......................................................................................................................................29

5.17.1 Principle of the "dead man" command ....................................................................................29
5.17.2 Logic ............................................................................................................................................29
5.17.3 Unintended use ..........................................................................................................................29
5.17.4 Single controller for multiple functions....................................................................................30
5.17.5 Multiple controllers for one movement...................................................................................30
5.17.6 Portable control units.................................................................................................................30
5.17.7 Cable-free portable control system ..........................................................................................30
5.18 Order items..................................................................................................................................31
5.18.1 Multiple control stations .............................................................................................................31
5.18.2 Location of control stations.......................................................................................................31
6 Verification of security requirements and/or measures .........................................................31
7 Information for use ...................................................................................................................36
7.1 General .......................................................................................................................................36
7.2 Elevator gate used as a bridge ..................................................................................................36
7.3 Contraindications of use ..................................................................................................................36
7.4 Location and nature of information for use ............................................................................37
7.4.1 Marking on the tailgate .............................................................................................................37
7.4.2 Instructions and manuals ..........................................................................................................37
7.4.3 Control report.............................................................................................................................40
Annex A (informative) Lift mechanisms and types..............................................................................41
A.1 Mechanisms ...............................................................................................................................41
A.1.1 Parallelogram.............................................................................................................................41
A.1.2 Column .......................................................................................................................................41
A.1.3 Telescopic handler ....................................................................................................................42
A.2 Types...........................................................................................................................................42
A.2.1 Foldable: (total width and partial width) .................................................................................42
A.2.2 Folding platform .........................................................................................................................43
A.2.3 Retractable.................................................................................................................................44
A.2.4 Swivel..........................................................................................................................................44
A.2.5 Mounted on door ........................................................................................................................45
A.2.6 Integrated (on the floor of the vehicle)....................................................................................46
A.2.7 Mounted inside the vehicle.............................................................................................................46

A.3 Platform types ............................................................................................................................46
Annex B (normative) Crushing and shearing........................................................................................47
B.1 General .......................................................................................................................................47
B.2 Rise and fall of the platform ........................................................................................................47
B.2.1 General .......................................................................................................................................47
B.2.2 Two-handed control units ..........................................................................................................47
B.2.3 Two-legged control units............................................................................................................48
B.2.4 Becquet.......................................................................................................................................49
B.2.4.1 Latch for vertical movement ......................................................................................................49
B.2.4.2 Spoilers for parallelogram system..............................................................................................50
B.2.5 Swivel foot guard ........................................................................................................................51
B.2.6 Sensitive protection device .......................................................................................................52
B.2.7 Automatic foot protection flap..................................................................................................53
B.2.8 Assigned position of the operator ............................................................................................54
B.3 Platforms that can rise above the floor level of the vehicle ..................................................55
3
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
B.4 Closing and opening of the platform........................................................................................55

B.4.1 General.......................................................................................................................................55
B.4.2 Two-handed control units .........................................................................................................55
B.4.3 Sensitive protection device .......................................................................................................55
B.4.4 Portable control units ................................................................................................................56
Annex C (informative) Structure and transmission systems ..............................................................57
Annex D (normative) Transmission systems - Steel ropes and chains ..............................................59
D.1 Recommended wire rope specifications..................................................................................59
D.2 Dimensions of the pulley grooves ............................................................................................59
D.3 Deflection angle .........................................................................................................................59
D.4 Angles of attack.................................................................................................................................60
D.5 Primitive circle ...........................................................................................................................60
Annex E (normative) Examples of control logic...................................................................................61
E.1 Foot controls...............................................................................................................................61
E.2 Two-handed control switches...................................................................................................62
Annex F (informative) Marking ...........................................................................................................63
Annex G (informative) Detailed examples of unintended use...........................................................64
Annex H (normative) Installation check ...............................................................................................65
H.1 Tailgate and Vehicle Compatibility...........................................................................................65
H.2 Optional equipment ..................................................................................................................65
H.3 Static test ...................................................................................................................................65
H.3.1 Deformation ..............................................................................................................................65
H.3.2 Subsidence .................................................................................................................................65
H.4 Dynamic test ..............................................................................................................................65
H.5 Functional and safety function tests ........................................................................................65
H.6 Test to ensure that the liftgate cannot lift an excessive load.............................................
66
Annex I (informative) Overloads on a platform at vehicle floor level...............................................67
Annex J (informative) Protective devices for the work area..............................................................68
J.1 General.......................................................................................................................................68
J.2 Handles.......................................................................................................................................68
J.3 Guardrails...................................................................................................................................68
J.4 Examples of platform-mounted guardrails..............................................................................69
J.4.1 General.......................................................................................................................................69
J.4.2 Removable side railings mounted on the platform surface...................................................69
J.4.3 Foldable side railings mounted on the platform surface .......................................................69
J.4.4 Side railings opening to the sidewalk.......................................................................................70
J.4.5 Guardrails mounted on rails - Protection on three sides - not allowing
loading or unloading on the side..............................................................................................71
J.5 Examples of body-mounted guardrails ....................................................................................71
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Annex K (informative) Electric tailgate elevator .................................................................................73

K.1 General.......................................................................................................................................73
K.2 Vehicle - Tailgate Interface .......................................................................................................73
K.2.1 Code A and B ETMA ...................................................................................................................73
K.2.2 Interface positions .....................................................................................................................73
K.3 Power supply .............................................................................................................................74
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of the EU Directive 2006/42/EC to be covered ...............................................
76
Bibliography...........................................................................................................................................80
5
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
European Foreword
This document (EN 1756-1:2021) has been prepared by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 98 "Elevating
work platforms", whose secretariat is provided by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, by February 2022 at the latest and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn by February 2022 at the latest.
Attention is drawn to the fact that some of the material in this document may be the subject of
intellectual property or similar rights. CEN is not responsible for identifying such patents.
This document supersedes EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008.
This document has been drawn up in the context of a request for standardization entrusted to CEN by
the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports the essential
requirements of EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s).
For the relationship with EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral
part of this document.
The main changes from the previous edition are as follows:
— the introduction of new terms and the modification of the definitions of some existing terms;
— the introduction of performance level as a security concept;
— support for cable-free mobile control systems.
Any comments and questions on this document should be addressed to the users' national standards
body. A complete list of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards institutes of the following
countries are obliged to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Northern
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the UK.
6
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Introduction
This document is a type C standard as specified in EN ISO 12100.

This document is relevant, in particular, to the following stakeholder groups representing market actors in
the field of machine safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large companies) ;
— health and safety organizations (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance,
etc.)
Other individuals who may be affected by the level of machine safety achieved and described in the
document through the above stakeholder groups:
— users/employers using machines (small, medium and large companies) ;
— users/employees using machines (e.g., unions, organizations of individuals with special needs);
— Service providers, e.g. for maintenance purposes (small, medium and large companies);
— consumers (in case of machines intended to be used by consumers).
The above stakeholder groups were given the opportunity to participate in the development of this
document.
The machines concerned and the scope of the hazardous phenomena and situations or events covered
are indicated in the Scope of this document.
Where requirements in this Type C standard are different from those specified in Type A or Type B
standards, the requirements of this Type C standard take precedence over the requirements of other
standards for machinery that have been developed and established in accordance with the
requirements of this Type C standard.
The machines concerned and the extent of the hazardous phenomena covered are indicated in the
Scope of this document.
In producing this document, it was assumed that:
— only trained people used the machine;
— the components without specific requirements were :
— designed in accordance with current engineering practices and design codes, including all
failure modes;
— of good mechanical and electrical construction;
— composed with materials of adequate strength and quality;
— free of defects ;
— harmful materials such as asbestos are not used;
— components are maintained in good repair and working order so as to retain the required
dimensions despite wear and tear;
7
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
— The design of the load-carrying elements guarantees safe operation of the machine at loads from
0% to 100% of the rated capacity and during tests;
— with the exception of the items listed below, a mechanical device constructed in accordance with
good practice and the requirements of this document, will not deteriorate to the point of being a
hazard without the possibility of detection of ;
— the equipment is capable of operating correctly in a temperature range of -15 °C to

+40 °C ;
— a negotiation takes place between the manufacturer of the tail elevator and the installer
concerning the characteristics of the carrier vehicle (see also Article 6), the mounting of the tail
elevator on the vehicle and between the installer and the user concerning the specific conditions of
use, the locations of use of the machines and also some of the characteristics of the vehicle, the
appropriate language;
— the work area is adequately lit (if lighting is not provided with the elevator);
— if the place of installation has a vertical fall height of individuals of more than 3 m notwithstanding
the limited height of travel indicated in the object, means external to the machine are used to limit
this fall height to 3 m.
This document contains a provision for protection against fall hazards in the event of a fall hazard
exceeding 2 m. However, accident statistics show that people fall from the raised tailgate during vehicle
loading/unloading operations, even at lifting heights below 2 m. The current state of the art does not
offer a universally proven solution for adequate fall prevention for all tail elevator applications, without
causing other dangerous phenomena.
European safety organizations and manufacturers continue to review and test these solutions. In the
meantime, risk mitigation methods are given in the informative Annex J. For tailgates with a fall hazard
of more than 2 m, refer to the requirements given in 5.2.
8
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
1 Field of application
This document specifies the safety requirements for the design of tail elevators as defined in 3.1 for
installation on wheeled goods vehicles. It also specifies the verification of these elevators and the safety
information that must be provided for the use of these elevators.
This document addresses the technical requirements to minimize the hazards set forth in Article 4 that
may arise during the operation of liftgates when used in accordance with the intended specifications
and under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer or his authorized
representative.
It applies to tail elevators:
— used to load and/or unload these vehicles;
— intended to be mounted temporarily or permanently, either inside, on the front, side or rear of the
vehicle;
— manually or motorized;
— equipped with a platform to support loads including goods, an operator or a combination of both;
— with a maximum lifting height not exceeding 3 m above the ground, when the platform is
unloaded;
— swivel type, with a maximum lifting height not exceeding 2 m ;
— used as bridges, when provided by the manufacturer.
NOTE A tailgate elevator should not be confused with a connecting bridge adjoining a loading dock, which is
included in the definition of an adjustable ramp and is outside the scope of this document.
Loading and/or unloading operations include the use of a tailgate

to raise and/or lower loads.
This document does not establish additional requirements for:
— the risk of falling during operations at a height of less than 2 m;
— overloading of the vehicle floor;
— the drive system with screws and nuts ;
— Operation in very poor conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as freezing, high
temperatures, corrosive environment, tropical environment, contaminating environments, strong
magnetic fields);
— operation subject to special regulations (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres);
— the power supply network and the electrical circuit;
— the power take-off part of the system;
— electromagnetic compatibility (emission-immunity) ;
9
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
— static electricity problems;
— the treatment of loads whose nature can lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal,
acids/bases, irradiating materials, particularly brittle loads);
— Risks arising during installation, transport and decommissioning;
— Risks arising from the handling of freely swinging suspended loads;
— requirements for use on public roads;
— wind pressure during and after use;
— direct contact with food products;
— earthquakes;
— lightning.
This document is not applicable to elevators manufactured prior to the date of publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents cited in the text constitute, in whole or in part, requirements of this
document. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For undated references, the latest
edition of the reference document applies (including any amendments).
EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 3: Recommended
force limits for machinery operation
EN 61310-1:2008, Safety of machinery - Indication, marking and actuation - Part 1: Specifications for
visual, auditory and tactile signals (IEC 61310-1:2007)
EN 61310-2:2008, Safety of machinery - Indication, marking and actuation - Part 2: Marking regulations
(IEC 61310-2:2007)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic power transmission - General rules and requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems

— Part 1: General Design Principles (ISO 13849-1:2015)
EN ISO 13849-2:2012, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems

— Part 2: Validation (ISO 13849-2:2012)
EN ISO 13851:2019, Safety of machinery - Two-hand control devices - Principles for design and selection
(ISO 13851:2019)
EN ISO 13856-2:2013, Safety of machinery - Pressure sensitive protective devices - Part 2: General
principles for the design and testing of pressure sensitive edges and bars (ISO 13856-2:2013)
10
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
DIN 51130:2014, Testing of floor coverings - Determination of slip resistance - Rooms and work areas
subject to slip hazards - Walking method - Inclined plane
3 Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
tailgate elevator
a lifting device designed to be installed on or in a wheeled vehicle and used for loading and/or
unloading operations on that vehicle
Note 1 to the article: This device is essentially composed o f a platform, a transmission system, carrier organs and one
or several control station(s).
Note 2 to article: Examples of mechanisms and types of tail elevators can be found in Appendix A.
3.2
tail elevator for light loads
Tail elevators with a load rating of 500 kg or less, typically used in facilities where space is limited,
making the addition of safety valves impractical
3.3
connecting bridge
application of a tail elevator where the platform is used in conjunction with the associated vehicle and
any elevated position (e.g., a dock or other vehicle) to transfer goods to or from the vehicle
3.4
rolling vehicle
vehicle or body used for the transport of goods and/or persons on road, off-road or rail, excluding
aeronautical ground support equipment and/or marine applications
3.5
operator
any person authorized to operate the liftgate
3.6
road position
any configuration in which the liftgate is located while the vehicle is in motion
11
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
3.7
working position
any intended configuration of the liftgate in which the platform is located to handle a load in a position of use
3.8
position of use
any intended configuration of the elevator other than the road position
3.8.1
deployment
any movement of the platform from the stowed position to a normal operating position
3.8.2
folding
any movement of the platform from a normal operating position to the folded position
3.8.3
tilt
any angular movement to adjust the platform when it is in the normal operating position
3.8.4
opening
any movement of the platform from the vertical travel position to a normal horizontal operating position
3.8.5
closure
any movement of the platform from a normal horizontal operating position to a vertical travel position
3.9
danger zone
any area on, under or in the path of the platform and around each part of the mechanism where a person is
exposed to a risk of injury or damage to health
Note 1 to section: This definition should not preclude the platform from being a work area.
3.10
width of the platform
dimension of the platform measured parallel to the adjacent edge of the vehicle
Note 1 to item: The width of the platform should be measured as shown in Figure 1.
3.11
depth of the platform
dimension of the platform measured perpendicular to the adjacent edge of the vehicle
Note 1 to item: The depth of the platform should be measured as shown in Figure 1.
12
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Legend
1 depth of the platform
2 width of the platform
Figure 1 - Platform width and depth
3.12
vertical travel distance of the platform
vertical distance between the lowest and highest position of the platform when its surface is horizontal
Note 1 to article: See Figure 2.
Note 2 to article: Vertical distance is a different concept than height.

13
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Legend
1 vertical travel distance
Figure 2 - Platform vertical travel distance
3.13
vertical speed
vertical travel distance of the platform divided by the time taken to travel it
3.14
load
any mass placed on the surface of the platform
Note 1 to item: Loads include payload plus all handling equipment and weight of
the operator, if he is standing on the platform.
3.15
maximum load
the largest allowable load based on the position of its center of gravity on the platform, as specified by the
manufacturer
Note 1 to article: See Figure 3.
3.16
nominal load
maximum load with the center of gravity placed on the centerline of the platform at a distance from the
edge adjacent to the vehicle in the elevated working position equal to the mid-depth of that platform
or 600 mm, whichever is less
Note 1 to article: See Figures 3 and 4.
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Legend
1 load
2 distance
3 maximum load
4 rated load
5 distance as defined by the manufacturer
Figure 3 - Maximum load and rated load on the platform
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Legend
1 center of gravity of the load
2 half the depth of the platform or 600 mm
Figure 4 - Nominal load
3.16.1
control element
any component used to drive the liftgate
EXAMPLEButton , switch, joystick, pedal, lever.
3.16.2
control unit
one or more fixed or mobile control elements grouped together in a single entity
3.17
control position
any location where the operator can stand while using the control
3.18
transmission system
any component used to generate tailgate movements
Note 1 to article: See Appendix C for examples.
3.19
operating pressure
pressure at which each component is designed to operate under steady-state lifting and/or tilting conditions
3.20
installer
any person or organization performing the installation of the liftgate on the vehicle and its
commissioning
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
3.21
competent person
a designated person who, properly trained, qualified by knowledge and experience, and provided with
the necessary instructions, is empowered to conduct the required tests and/or examinations in a safe
manner
3.22
appropriate language
language of the country in which the vehicle equipped with a tail elevator is first registered, or, by
agreement with the user of the vehicle, the language of the country in which the vehicle will be used
predominantly
4 List of significant hazardous phenomena

This section contains all the hazardous phenomena, situations and events as far as they are treated in
this document, by the risk assessment, as being significant, for this type of machine, and which require
actions to eliminate or reduce the risk (see Table 1).
Table 1 - List of significant hazardous events
Article Significant hazardous phenomena Paragraph or article in

this document
1 Mechanical hazardous phenomena
1.1 - Due to machine parts or components, e.g. :
- potential energy (falling objects, height above 5.5.2; 5.13; Annex I

ground, gravity)
- kinetic energy (acceleration, deceleration, 5.4.2 ; 5.4.3 ; 5.4.4
moving/rotating elements)
- mechanical resistance (rupture) 5.12 ; 5.14.2.1 ; 5.14.2.2 ;
5.14.3.2 ; 5.14.3.3
1.2 by accumulated energy, e.g. :
- elastic elements (springs) ; 7.4.2.4

- liquids and gases under pressure ; 5.14.3.2 ; 5.14.3.3
1.3 Crushing 5.11; Appendix B
1.4 Shear 5.11; Appendix B
1.5 Winding, coiling 5.14.2.1
1.6 Training or imprisonment 7.4.1; Appendix B
1.7 Shock 5.2 ; 5.4 ; 5.10.2 ; 5.13.3 ;
5.18.2
1.8 Injection 5.14.3.2 ; 5.14.3.3
1.9 Slips, trips and falls 5.2, 5.13
1.10 Instability 5.16; Article 6; Annex I
2 Hazardous phenomena caused by materials and
products
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)

this document
2.1 Fire 5.9
3 Dangerous phenomena caused by not respecting
ergonomic principles
3.1 Bad postures or excessive efforts 5.2 ; 5.3 ; 5.18.2 ;
Appendix B
3.2 Inadequate consideration of anatomy 5.2; 5 . 18.2, Appendix B;
Appendix E
3.3 Inadequacy of local lighting 5.2 ; 7.4.2
3.4 Design or location of indicators and displays 7.4.1
3.5 Design, location or identification of service devices 5.17; 5 . 18; Appendix B;

Appendix F
3.6 Human error during an operation 5.17 ; 5.10 ; 7.4.1 ;
Appendix B; Appendix E
4
4.1 Control system and control circuit 5.8 ; 5.9 ; 5.15.2 ; 5.17 ;
failure/malfunction 5.18.1; 5.14; Appendix D
4.2 Restoration of power supply 5.9 ; 5.17.1
after a cut
4.3 Power supply failure 5.9
5 Hazardous phenomena resulting from the 7.4.2; Appendix H
operations of :
— assembly and installation
— setting
— cleaning
— fault finding
— maintenance
5.1 Maintenance 7.4.2; Appendix H
6 Hazardous phenomena related to the movement
function
6.1 Movement without all the elements 5.10.1 ; 7.4.2.3
in a safe position
7 Hazardous phenomena related to the working
position (including the driving position) on the
machine
7.1 Fall of persons during the access to the 5.2; Appendix J
(or departure) from the work location
7.2 Mechanical risks in the working position 5.4 ; 5.5 ; 5.6 ; 5.13.1
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)

this document
— contact with the wheels
— turnaround
— falling objects, penetration by objects
— breakage of rotating elements at high speed
— contact of persons with machine parts
or tools (pedestrian machines)
7.3 Insufficient visibility from working positions 5.2 ; 5.18 ; Appendix

B;
Appendix E
8 Hazardous phenomena related to the control
system
8.1 Inadequate location of hand controls 5.18; Appendix B
8.2 Inadequate design of manual controls and their 5.17.2 ; 5 . 17.3 ; 5 . 17.7 ;
operation Appendix E; Appendix F
9 Hazardous phenomena related to third parties
9.1 Unauthorized startup/use 5.8

9.2 Drift of an element out of its stop position H.3.2
9.3 Lack or inadequacy of means 5.2 ; 5.13.3 ; 5.17.3 ; 7.4.1
visual or acoustic warnings
10 Hazardous phenomena related to insufficient
driver/operator instructions
10.1 Insufficient instructions for the driver/operator 7.4.2.3
11 Mechanical hazards caused by falling loads,

collisions or tipping of the machine
11.1 Lack of stability 5.2 ; 5.5 ; 5.6 ; 5.13 ;

Annex I
11.2 Uncontrolled loads - overloading - 5.16; Appendix I
Exceeded tipping moments
11.3 Uncontrolled range of motion 5.4
11.4 Unexpected/untimely load movements 5.5.2 ; 5.13 ; 6
11.5 Inadequate holding equipment/accessories 5.5.2
11.6 Insufficient mechanical resistance of the parts 5.12 ; 5.13 ; 5.14 ;
Appendix D
11.7 Inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.12; 5.14; Appendix D
11.8 Inadequate choice of chains, cables 5.12; 5.14; Appendix D
and slinging accessories and their integration
inadequate in the machine
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)

this document
11.9 Abnormal conditions Article 7; Appendix E;
assembly/testing/use/maintenance Appendix F; Appendix
G; Appendix H;
Appendix I
12 Hazardous phenomena related to the position of
the driver/operator
12.1 Insufficient visibility from the driver's seat 5.18; Appendix B
13 Mechanical hazardous phenomena
13.1 Due to: 5.12 ; 5.14.2.1 ; 5.14.2.2
— Inadequate mechanical strength
— Inadequate utilization coefficients
— Load control failure
13.2 Excessive speed of the cabin 5.4
13.3 Fall of persons out of the passenger compartment 5.2 ; 5.18.2
5 Requirements and/or prevention measures

5.1 General requirements
Unless otherwise specified in the text, tail elevators shall generally meet the specifications of the
following standards:
— EN ISO 13857:2019 for safety distances;
— EN ISO 4413:2010 for hydraulic equipment.
Machinery must comply with the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures of this
section. In addition, the machine must be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010 for
relevant, but not significant, hazards that are not addressed in this document.
For the application of the standards, the manufacturer must make an adequate risk assessment for the
requirement concerned when a choice has to be made.
NOTE This specific risk assessment is part of the overall risk assessment for risks not covered in this document.
5.2 Work area
Liftgate work areas and operator locations must be equipped with means for safe access, positioning
and operation. Operator positions must allow a clear view of the work area, the load, and all hazard
areas.
For a tailgate platform with a fall hazard of more than 2 m, the following requirements must be met:
- Guardrails must be installed on the exposed sides of the platform. These
guardrails shall be:
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
— removable or foldable ;
— with a minimum height of 1.1 m;
— the vertical clearance must not exceed 0.5 m ;
— in the case of an interrupted guardrail, the maximum clear space between two guardrail segments
must not exceed 120 mm. If the space is greater, a self-closing door must be used;
— for guardrail testing, apply a minimum load of 300 N, applied horizontally at the most critical point.
The deflection when the load is applied must not exceed 30 mm and, after removing the load, no
permanent deformation must remain.
The fastening systems must remain attached to the guardrail segments or platform when the guardrails
are removed.
During lowering, a visual and audible warning device shall be activated as soon as the lowering control
is operated. This visual and audible warning device shall comply with EN 61310-1:2008.
NOTE For drop heights less than 2 m, see Appendix J (informative).
5.3 Manual effort
The force for manual deployment and folding of the tail elevator must not exceed 250 N according to the
requirements of EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008.
However, to initiate a movement, the effort must not exceed 350 N.
NOTEThese requirements do not apply to load handling effort.
5.4 Operating speeds

5.4.1 General
Measurements should be taken under worst case load conditions with a limit deviation of ±10% allowed.
5.4.2 Vertical speed
The vertical velocity of the platform must not exceed 0.15 m/s.
5.4.3 Folding and deployment speeds
If platform folding and/or deployment is accomplished other than by manual effort, the angular
velocities of closing and opening shall not exceed 10°/s, unless provisions are made to automatically
stop platform movements without causing injury in the event of an obstruction.
In the case of platform folding and/or unfolding operations, for any part of the liftgate that is less than
1.5 m from the ground (see Figure 5) (horizontal hard surface), the speed can be up to 0.7 m/s,
measured on the fastest edge, provided the operator can exercise sufficient visual control over the
movements.
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Dimensions in meters
Figure 5 - Folding platform
For any other motorized movement of unprotected accessible parts involved in closing or opening the
liftgate, the speed must not exceed 0.3 m/s.
5.4.4 Tilt speed
If tilting of the liftgate platform is accomplished other than by manual effort, any control attached to
the platform, or accessible to an operator on the platform, shall not permit tilting at an angular velocity
greater than 4°/s.
Any other control device must not allow the platform to tilt at a speed greater than 10°/s.
5.5 Stability of the load
5.5.1 Tilt angle
No control attached to the platform, or accessible to an operator on the platform, shall permit the
platform to tilt more than 10° from the horizontal (measured when the vehicle is placed on level
ground) except when the platform is at ground level and the tilt to reach the ground requires an angle
greater than 10°.
5.5.2 Stops
If the platform is designed to raise or lower wheeled load(s), then it must be equipped with a device(s)
to prevent the load(s) from unintentionally rolling off the side(s) used for loading or unloading.
5.6 End of race
All movements of the elevator gate shall be limited at the end of the stroke by mechanical devices.
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
5.7 Laying of cables and pipes
Unshielded hydraulic lines and electrical cables must be arranged and secured to prevent damage from
movement resulting from the use of the elevator or the vehicle.
5.8 Unauthorized use
The elevator gate must be equipped with a system that prevents unauthorized use in the absence of
of the operator.
EXAMPLE 1 Locking and unlocking by key or code.
EXAMPLE 2 An on/off switch in the driver's cab that locks.
5.9 Power supply

5.9.1 Separation of energy sources
When the liftgate is equipped with an electrical circuit:

a) current interrupting devices shall be provided to prevent excessive currents on the main control
circuit and on the main power circuit. On the latter, the device shall be mounted as close to the
battery as possible.
EXAMPLE 1 Fuse.
EXAMPLE 2 Manual reset overload cutout.
b) the power supply to a liftgate must be interruptible.
EXAMPLE 3 By means of an isolator switch.
EXAMPLE 4 By disconnecting one of the poles of the battery.
5.9.2 Electrical installation of the tail elevator
NOTE For electrical installation assistance, see Appendix K.

5.10 Road position of the tailgate

5.10.1 Indication
Except for tail elevators mounted inside the vehicle, the driver must be able to ensure from his normal
driving position that the tail elevator is stowed in its road position by means of an indication in the
driver's cab. At a minimum, the liftgate manufacturer must provide a signal.
5.10.2 Security
The tailgate must be designed so that, in the road position, it can be safely stowed to reduce the risk of
it moving in the event of a collision with the carrier vehicle.
EXAMPLE 1 The elevator gate in which a hydraulic cylinder is used to support the platform is equipped with a
check valve or equivalent level of safety.
EXAMPLE 2 The tail elevator in which the platform is held in the storage position by automatically engaged
mechanical locks or an equivalent level of safety
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
5.11 Crushing and shearing
One or more preventive measures must be provided on tail elevators to prevent the operator from
being exposed to crushing or shearing. The type of preventative measures is at the discretion of the
manufacturer depending on the type and design of the liftgate.
Annex B gives typical examples to avoid the risk of crushing and shearing, see also Article 7.
5.12 Static load coefficients
For all load-bearing components of the liftgate (see Appendix C, Figures C.1 and C.2), the
Load factors based on the yield strength of the material shall be as follows:
— if a person is allowed to stand on the platform of the liftgate (see Article 7), the duty cycle must
not be less than 2.1 ;
— if any person is prohibited from standing on the platform of the liftgate (see Section 7), the duty cycle
must not be less than 1.75.
The test load (as calculated by multiplying the rated load by the working coefficient) is applied
under static load conditions.
5.13 Platform
5.13.1 Surface
The surface of the platform must be non-slip. It must be easy to remove any substances
ice, snow and liquids, without damaging the surface.
EXAMPLE Grooves in relief.
The lowest slip resistance of the platform surface shall correspond to quality class R9 in all directions,
tested according to the procedure described in DIN 51130:2014.
NOTE R9 is the lowest slip resistance class in DIN 51130:2014, corresponding to a platform tilt angle of less than
10°.
No part of the platform on which an operator may walk or stand shall have
permanent element that could cause it to trip. The following exceptions are allowed:
a) a guardrail ;
b) a stopper in the raised position;
c) for a height less than or equal to 25 mm: all light signals, stop command
or foot switch.
Any part of the platform on which the operator is not permitted to walk or stand shall be
clearly defined.
5.13.2 Sharpness of the edges
The outer edges of the platform, on the left, right and rear, must not be sharp or have sharp
corners/angles. The radius of the corners and the sharpness of the edges must not be less than 1.5 mm.
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
5.13.3 Elevator gate used as a bridge
If the platform is designed to allow for bridging (see Section 7), the elevator must be equipped with the
devices that are necessary for safe use of the lift for this application.
EXAMPLE 1 A device that allows the platform to float to the closed position.
EXAMPLE 2 A device for stabilizing the level of the vehicle during loading and unloading operations.
Information should also be provided through safety labels and manuals

of use to highlight any special precautions that may be required.
5.13.4 Visibility of the platform
If the platform of the tailgate elevator, in the operating position, extends beyond the ends of the
vehicle, warning devices must be attached so that it can be seen day and night from each accessible
side.
EXAMPLE 1 Lights.
EXAMPLE 2 Reflective flag.
EXAMPLE 3 Reflective tapes.
5.14 Transmission systems

5.14.1 Involuntary movements
5.14.1.1 General
The transmission system shall be designed so that only intentional movements triggered by control are
possible. When the actuator is not operated, the elevator must remain stationary (see 5.17.1), except
as noted in H.3.2.
EXAMPLE 1 Mechanical drive systems with self-locking devices or independent direct acting brakes.
EXAMPLE 2 Hydraulic systems with normally closed valves.

5.14.1.2 Leakage from hydraulic systems
Tail elevators equipped with a hydraulic system must be designed so that in the event of a leak in the
hydraulic system, the maximum speed of any movement does not exceed the normal operating speed
by more than 50%. In addition, no part of the platform moves more than 100 mm after the control is
released (drifts due to internal leaks are not taken into account).
EXAMPLE Non-return valves rigidly and directly attached to a cylinder.
In the case of a light duty elevator with a vertical travel of the platform not exceeding 1.6 m, the
platform can continue to descend in the event of a hose or pipe failure at a speed not exceeding 0.165
m/s, which is the normal speed plus the 10% tolerance, even after the control is released.
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
5.14.1.3 Failure of mechanical suspensions
Any liftgate whose platform is suspended by cables, chains, drive screws and nuts, or racks and pinions,
must be equipped with a safety device. This device, in case of failure of such a suspension, stops the
descent of the platform on the side of the breaking point for a distance of 100 mm from its position at
the time of failure. Such a safety device must be effective when the platform is at rest or when it is
ascending or descending. If the safety device contains safety-related parts in the control system, the
performance level of the safety device shall be PLr b, according to EN ISO 13849-1:2015. In the case of a
purely mechanical system, it shall be designed in accordance with the safety principles for mechanical
systems in EN ISO 13849 2:2012, Annex A.
EXAMPLE 1 Automatic platform stop device associated with a voltage failure detector of a
cable / channel.
EXAMPLE 2 Secondary suspension (vacuum safety suspension, see 5.14.2.7).
5.14.2 Mechanical suspension systems
5.14.2.1 Steel cables
Only splices, molded lugs, steel or deep drawn aluminum lugs can be used for cable ends.
If looped cables are used, they must be fitted with a core lug.
Stirrup-type cable ties are permitted only if their equivalence is demonstrated.
The working coefficient of the rope relative to its breaking stress shall not be less than :
— if a person is permitted to stand on the platform of the liftgate (see Section 7), the duty cycle shall
not be less than 7 if strict cable disposal criteria are specified by the manufacturer. Otherwise, the
duty cycle shall not be less than 8;
— if any person is prohibited from standing on the platform of the liftgate (see Section 7), the
The coefficient of use must not be less than 5.
The minimum diameter of the bottom sheaves must be at least 12 times the diameter of the associated
rope.
Pulley grooves shall be in accordance with Appendix D.

Rope drums should be designed to prevent the rope from overlapping. If overlapping cannot be reliably
avoided, the rope should be wound onto the drum in a single row. When the platform is at its lowest
level, at least two turns of rope should remain on the drum. The ratio of the drum diameter to the rope
diameter should not be less than 16.
5.14.2.2 Steel chains
Chains should be pad or roller.

The coefficient of use of the chain relative to its breaking stress shall not be less than :
— if a person is allowed to stand on the platform of the liftgate (see Section 7), the
The coefficient of use must not be less than 8 ;
— if any person is prohibited from standing on the platform of the liftgate (see Section 7), the
The coefficient of use must not be less than 6.
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
The minimum diameter of a chain pulley or sprocket measured at the chain winding axis must not be less
than 4.8 times the chain pitch, see Figure D.4.
5.14.2.3 Holding a cable or chain
All cable sheaves and chain sheaves or sprockets must be

provided so as to ensure that the cable or chain is held in position.
5.14.2.4 Deflection angle
The angle formed by a rope and a plane perpendicular to the axis of the sheave associated with that
rope shall not be greater than 5°, see Figure D.2.
The angle formed by a rope and a plane perpendicular to the axis of the drum associated with that rope
shall not exceed 2.5°, see Figure D.3.
The angle formed by a chain and a plane perpendicular to the axis of its pulley or support must not be
greater than 1.5°.
5.14.2.5 Adjustment device
If two or more cables or chains are used to support the platform, a device shall be provided to adjust the
length of at least one cable or chain.
5.14.2.6 Cable and drum suspensions
When the platform is suspended by means of a cable associated with a drum, a safety device must be
provided which, when the cable distends, makes it impossible to descend. In this case, the upward
movement must remain possible. The performance level of the safety device shall be at least PLr b in
accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2015.
5.14.2.7 Secondary suspension (unloaded safety suspension)
If cables, chains, drive bolts and nuts or racks and pinions are used as unloaded secondary suspensions
to support the load when the main suspension fails, then it must not be possible to operate the liftgate
after the failure other than to the road position after it is unloaded.
5.14.3 Hydraulic systems
5.14.3.1 General
EN ISO 4413:2010 applies with the following special requirements.

The settings of pressure relief valves, flow control valves and load control devices must at least be
detectable (e.g. cap, seal). These requirements do not apply if they are protected against unauthorized
action (e.g. if a special tool is required).
5.14.3.2 Characteristics of the hoses
Hoses and hose fittings shall have such characteristics that their burst pressure is at least four times the
maximum pressure to which the hose may be exposed in its application.
5.14.3.3 Pressure relief valve
Pressure relief valves shall be provided to prevent the application of 1.25 times the working pressure to
any hydraulic system.
The pressure relief valve must not react to a load applied to an elevated platform.
27
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
NOTE See Appendix I for more information on overloads.
5.14.3.4 Pressure gauge
Each hydraulic system should have an easily accessible place to connect a pressure gauge.
5.14.3.5 Reservoir
To supply the pump continuously, the tank must contain at least 10% more than is required for normal elevator
operation.
If the tank is at atmospheric pressure, a filter/breather must be placed at the air inlet. It must be possible
to easily check the fluid level in the tank.
EXAMPLE 1 Level indicator.
EXAMPLE 2 Translucent tank.
EXAMPLE 3 Gauge.
5.15 Safety devices

5.15.1 Safety-related functions
The performance level of all safety-related parts of the control devices shall be at least PLr b, in
For safety functions that include only mechanical parts, no specific performance level is required.
A list of security functions is given in Table 2.
Table 2 - List of security functions
Safety function Paragraph

Operating speeds 5.4
Stability of the load 5.5
End of race 5.6
Unauthorized use 5.8

Power supply 5.9
Road position of the tailgate 5.10
Visibility of the platform 5.13.4
Involuntary movements 5.14.1
Safety-related functions 5.15.1
Security mechanisms 5.15.2
Inability to lift overloads 5.16.1
Excessive time 5.16.2
Principle of the "dead man" command 5.17.1
Unintended use 5.17.3
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Safety function Paragraph

Single controller for multiple functions 5.17.4
Multiple controllers for one movement 5.17.5
Portable control units 5.17.6

Cable-free portable control system 5.17.7
5.15.2 Security mechanisms
Mechanical safety devices and the mechanical parts of other safety devices must operate in an active
positive manner. They shall be effective under all foreseeable conditions.
5.15.3 Internal springs for safety devices
Springs for safety devices shall comply with Tables A.2 and A.3 of EN ISO 13849- 2:2012.
Unless its long-term reliability has already been demonstrated, any mechanical safety device
incorporating springs shall be designed to maintain its effectiveness in the event of failure of a single
spring element.
5.16 Load control
5.16.1 Inability to lift overloads
An elevator gate must not be able to lift more than 125% of its maximum load from the ground (for
testing, see Appendix H).
5.16.2 Excessive time
To minimize hazards due to excessive moments, any platform deeper than 1200 mm should be clearly
and permanently marked to indicate the limits of positioning the center of gravity of the largest
allowable load.
5.17 Controls
5.17.1 Principle of the "dead man" command
Any control device shall be designed so that an elevator gate shall stop and remain stationary when the
control is released (see 5.14.1.1). The performance level of the control device shall be at least PLr b, in
5.17.2 Logic
Every control device shall be designed so that the direction of motion required when a control is used is
consistent with the motion generated (see Appendix E and Figures E.1, E.2, E.3 and E.4).
5.17.3 Unintended use
Controls must be protected from unintentional action, including:

EXAMPLE 1 Single controls can be recessed or covered.
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
EXAMPLE 2 Controls may be dual (two-handed or two-footed). EXAMPLE 3 Controls may be
designed to require a specific sequence of operations.
NOTEFor examples, see Appendix G.

5.17.4 Single controller for multiple functions
If multiple movements are initiated simultaneously by a single control, means must be provided to
prevent any possible hazards associated with potentially dangerous incompatible movements.
5.17.5 Multiple controllers for one movement
If fixed controls are used to fully open or close the platform, these controls must be of the two-handed
control type as shown in Figure B.1 and comply with the safe position requirements of the controls
given in B.4.
When two-handed or two-footed controls are adopted, their design must prevent an operator from
overriding the safety instructions by locking a control.
The specification for the two-handed controller shall comply with the following requirements:
— the use of both hands (simultaneous operation);
— the relationship between the input signals and the output signal ;
— stopping the output signal;
— prevention of accidental operation;
— prevention of failure ;
as specified by EN ISO 13851:2019.

5.17.6 Portable control units
If portable control units are used to fully open or close the platform, their activation must require the
operation of at least two control elements. Examples of how to achieve this level of safety are described
in B.4.4.
5.17.7 Cable-free portable control system
5.17.7.1 General
This section describes the specific functional requirements of control systems that use wireless
techniques (e.g., radio, infrared) for transmitting commands and signals between a control unit and the
liftgate to which the unit is connected. The control unit of a wireless control system is usually called the
transmitter and the part mounted on the liftgate is called the receiver. The receiver is the interface to
the liftgate.
NOTE For examples, see Appendix B.
5.17.7.2 Active and inactive modes
Activation and deactivation of a cable-less handheld control unit must not initiate any movement of the
liftgate.
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
The transmitter must include a clearly identifiable control to engage the liftgate stop function.
The wireless handheld control unit shall indicate when the unit is in active mode.
An unused cable-free handheld control unit must automatically switch to idle mode within a maximum
of 10 minutes. At any time, the operator must be able to put the cableless handheld control unit into
inactive mode.
5.17.7.3 Transmitter code coupled to a single receiver
The cable-free connection must be protected to eliminate the possibility of the liftgate being operated
from a foreign cable-free control or unintentional engagement movements due to external
interference.
5.17.7.4 Interruption of communication
If communication between the transmitter and receiver of the wireless handheld control is interrupted,
the elevator must stop and no part of the platform must move more than 100 mm.
5.17.7.5 Ergonomics of the control unit
The cable-less portable control unit shall have physical dimensions and a design that prevents
unintentional engagement of the platform movement.
NOTE Design examples are described in Appendix G.
5.18 Control stations
5.18.1 Multiple control stations
If there is more than one control station, devices shall be provided to prevent conflicting commands.
A priority between multiple control stations must be determined based on the intended use of the
elevator.
5.18.2 Location of control stations
Control units should be positioned to provide the operator with a safe position for operating the
liftgate and also a clear view of the work area. Control stations should also be positioned to minimize
traffic hazards.
A remote monitoring system, e.g. camera, scanner, that detects people in the work area may be used,
provided the requirements described in 5.17 are met.
6 Verification of security requirements and/or measures

It is necessary to verify that the requirements of this standard have been incorporated into the design,
manufacture and/or installation of the liftgate. Verification should be performed using all methods
listed in Table 3.
To meet all relevant safety requirements during the life cycle of the liftgate, it is necessary that the
parts that are replaced or modified provide the same level of safety as the parts that have been
approved during random testing by the manufacturer.
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Table 3 - Verification of Security Requirements and/or Measures

Require Method of verification
ment
Measur Visual Functional Documentary Calcula Random
e examination examination evaluation tions testing
5.1 General requirements X X X
5.2 Working area X X
5.3 Manual effort X X X X
5.4.2 Speeds X X
operating speed -
Vertical speed
5.4.3 Speeds X
operating speeds
- folding and unfolding speeds

5.4.4 Speeds X X
operating speed -
Tilt speed
5.5.1 Load stability - X X X
Tilt angle
5.5.2 Load stability - X X X
Stops
5.6 End of race X X X
5.7 Cable and Pipe Layout X X X
5.8 Unauthorized use X X

5.9 Power supply X X X
5.10.1 Position route of X X
the tail elevator - Indication
5.10.2 Position road of X X
the tailgate - Safety
32
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)

ment
Measur Visual Functional Documentary Calcula Random
e examination examination evaluation tions testing
5.11 Crushing X X X
and shearing
5.12 Utilization Coefficients X X
of the structure
5.13.1 Platform - Surface X
5.13.2 Platform - Edge X X
Sharpness
5.13.3 Platform - Tailgate X X X X
elevator used as a
connecting bridge
5.13.4 Platform - Platform X X
Visibility
5.14.1 Systems X X
transmission
systems - Unintentional
movements
5.14.1.2 Leakage from X X
hydraulic systems
5.14.1.3 Failure of X X
the mechanical suspensions
5.14.2.1 Transmission X X X X
Systems - Steel Cable
5.14.2.2 Drive Systems - Steel X X X X

Chains
33
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)

ment
Measure Visual Functional Documentary Calcula Random
examination examination evaluation tions testing
5.14.2.3 Transmission X X X
Systems - Cable or Chain
Maintenance
5.14.2.4 Drive Systems - X X
Mechanical Suspension
Systems - Deflection Angle
5.14.2.5 Drive systems - X X

Mechanical suspension
systems - Adjustment device
5.14.2.6 Drive Systems - X

Cable and Drum Suspensions
5.14.2.7 Drive Systems - X X X

Mechanical Suspension
Systems - Secondary
Suspension
5.14.3 Systems X X X
transmission
systems - Hydraulic systems
5.14.3.2 Hose X X X
Characteristics
5.14.3.3 Pressure relief valve X X
5.14.3.4 Pressure gauge X X
5.14.3.5 Reservoir X X X
5.15.2 Safety devices X X
- Security mechanisms
34
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)

ment
Measur Visual Functional Documentary Calculation Random
e examination examination evaluation s testing
5.15.3 Internal springs of the X
organs
security
5.16.1 Load control - Inability X X X
to lift overloads
5.16.2 Load control - X X

Excessive time
5.17.1 Controls X X
- Principle of the order

"dead man".
5.17.2 Controls X X X
- Logic
5.17.3 Controls X X
- Unintended use
5.17.4 Single controller for X X
several movements
5.17.5 Multiple controllers for X X

a single movement
5.18.1 Multiple control X X X

stations
5.18.2 Location of X X
the control stations
7.4.1 Marking on the tailgate X X
35
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
7 Information for use

7.1 General
The operating information may consist of text, words, signs, signals, symbols or diagrams, used separately or in
combination. It is intended for the installer and the user.
The operating information is an integral part of the tail elevator delivery.
This information shall be in accordance w i t h EN ISO 12100:2010, 6.4 and the following additional provisions.
7.2 Elevator gate used as a bridge
The manufacturer must specify whether the elevator can be used as a bridge lift. If such use is
permitted, the information must include a description of the devices on the elevator to ensure safe use in
this application. This information must include:
For the installer:
— the assembly of the device(s) if applicable;
— the test to be performed to verify compliance with the requirements ;
— a device(s) to stabilize the level of the vehicle during loading and unloading operations, if
applicable.
For the user:
— operating instructions ;
— the maximum load capacity, this information shall be permanently marked in a location that is
clearly visible from the work area in accordance with EN 61310-2:2008.
7.3 Contraindications of use
An unintended use may include:

— lifting of persons other than the operator, especially persons with reduced mobility.
Inherent risks may include:
— crushing and shearing ;
— fall;
— involuntary movements resulting from overloading;
— rolling off the platform.
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
7.4 Location and nature of information for use

7.4.1 Marking on the tailgate
— Any part of the platform on which an operator shall not walk or stand shall be clearly marked;
— information must also be provided by means o f safety labels and manual

of use to highlight any special precautions required;
— control units must be legible and durably marked with symbols or text clearly indicating the
resulting direction of movement. Portable control units must also be unambiguously marked with
their own orientation (for examples, see Appendix F and Figures F.1 and F.2) ;
— An identification plate must be permanently affixed to the elevator by the manufacturer. It must be
perfectly legible and durable and indicate the following information:
— the name and address of the manufacturer and, if necessary, of his agent;
— the type of model ;
— the machine designation ;
— serial or manufacturing number and year of manufacture;
— the nominal load.
NOTE See EN ISO 12100:2010, 6.4.4.

Where the maximum load varies with its position on the platform, a permanently marked load chart
shall be fixed so as to be irremovable and permanently visible from the main control station to indicate,
preferably in clear diagrammatic form or by means of tables, the maximum load for each position of the
load.
7.4.2 Instructions and manuals
7.4.2.1 Information for maintenance and control

The manufacturer shall advise the user to support the platform safely before performing
control or maintenance operations.
7.4.2.2 Installation instructions
Installation instructions containing information on safe installation must accompany each liftgate. The
installation instructions must include the following information:
— the minimum section of the electrical cables (if supplied by the installer);
— the minimum diameter and quality of bolts, rivets and any other means of attachment between the
tailgate and
elevator and vehicle (if provided by the installer);
— the tightening torque of the threaded fasteners ;
— recommended hydraulic fluid;
37
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
— explanations of all mechanical, electrical and hydraulic circuits;
— information on the pressure setting ;
— Stability of the vehicle/lift combination: the manufacturer must indicate the weight and center of
gravity of the unloaded elevator and the load;
— where the signal indicating that the liftgate is not in the stowed position can be found.
— If stabilizers are required for the tailgate, they must be provided;
— the need for a pre-delivery, post-installation and pre-commissioning inspection;
— checking that the marking specified in 5.16.2 is still valid and modifying it if necessary;
— the installation procedure on the vehicle;
— the location of the control station(s) (see Figures B.1 and B.2);
— special precautions to be taken for the installation ;
— assembly instructions for all stabilizers;
— welding instructions;
— manual effort information;
— the procedure for post-installation testing (as required by Appendix H (normative));
— assembly of the guardrails on the platform ;
— the location of the safety marking on the tailgate;
— installation of the control indicator in the cabin;

— electrical instructions.
7.4.2.3 User' s manual
Each elevator must be supplied with an operator's manual.

The user's manual shall comply with the requirements specified in EN ISO 12100:2010, 6.4.5 and include:
— intended uses;
— the method of operating the tail elevator ;
— User safety procedures, e.g., :
— any specific use of the liftgate that should be avoided;
— a general description of the equipment and its operating principles;
— description of safety devices;
38
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
— advice on the proper use of non-slip footwear.
— the use of stabilizers, if applicable;
— any special safety precautions required if the platform is to be used as a connecting bridge;
— the method to be followed in case of an accident or breakdown; if a blockage is likely to occur,

the method to be followed to enable the equipment to be safely unblocked;
— the specification of spare parts to be used, if these have an impact on the health and safety of
the operators;
— a test report detailing the static and dynamic tests performed by or for the manufacturer or its
agent;
— Tips on checking daily for the presence and effectiveness of all warning and safety devices, safety
labels and information, and what to do to correct any deficiencies;
— Provision of adequate working lighting in the loading area, if required;
— operator positions that allow an adequate view of the work area, the load and all hazard zones;
— instructions on the location and distribution of the load on the platform;
— information on work and danger zones;
— advice to the operator when he wants to climb on the platform to leave enough room during the
loading to stand upright without risk of falling;
— where removable guardrails are provided, instructions shall specify that such guardrails are to be
The following measures must be taken when there is a risk of falling from a height of more than 2 m;
— a description of t h e safe use and operation of the portable controls;
— information for operator training.

Wherever possible, the above instructions should be provided in the form of diagrams or pictograms
(see EN ISO 12100:2010, 6.4.4).
7.4.2.4 Maintenance instructions
Each elevator must be delivered with maintenance instructions. The

maintenance instructions shall include:
— safety information about components that store energy, such as
springs ;
— the nature and frequency of controls and the need for corrective action:
— regular monitoring including verification of the presence and effective operation of all safety
devices;
39
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
- an exceptional inspection including the tests mentioned in Annex H (normative) after any major
modification or repair;
— criteria for rejecting parts ;
— explanations of all mechanical, electrical and hydraulic circuits;
— the main types of failures and the corresponding solutions, with mention of the safety measures to
be taken, for example:
— functional failures of a tail elevator system ;
— failure of a safety device ;
— structure failure ;
— hydraulic fluid leaks ;
— nature and frequency of maintenance procedures, for example:
— lubrication,
— Fluid upgrades,
— replacement of any defective hydraulic hose or electrical cable;
— recommendation of lubricants, hydraulic fluid, minimum and maximum fluid levels according to
platform positions, pressure adjustment;
— electrical and hydraulic circuit diagrams.
7.4.3 Control report
Each liftgate must be delivered with a test report. The inspection

report instructions shall include:
— the possibility of recording the test report after installation;
— the possibility of recording the minutes of regular checks;
— the possibility of recording the minutes of exceptional checks and major repairs.
40
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Annex A
(informative)
Mechanisms and types of elevators
A.1 Mechanisms
A.1.1 Parallelogram
Elevator gate with a parallelogram linkage and an arc-shaped platform (see Figures A.1 and A.2).
Figure A.1 - External parallelogram mechanism

Figure A.2 - External parallelogram mechanism
A.1.2 Column
An elevator gate with a mechanism that includes at least two slotted guides in which the platform
supports slide, up or down, by means of a cable or chain suspension (see Figure A.3).
41
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Figure A.3 - External column mechanism
A.1.3 Telescopic handler
An elevator gate with a mechanism consisting of two or more concentric sliding elements, one of which
supports the platform. A mechanism is provided that allows the extension or retraction of one element
relative to the other in order to raise or lower the platform (see Figure A.4).
Figure A.4 - Internal telescopic mechanism
A.2 Types
A.2.1 Foldable: (full width and partial width)
Tailgate elevator with the platform in the road position, vertically against the bodywork.
42
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
— overall width: tailgate with a platform width approximately equal to the width of the vehicle (see
Figure A.5);
— Partial width: A elevator with a platform width that is substantially less than the vehicle width (see
Figure A.6).
Figure A.5 - External folding type (total width)

Figure A.6 - External folding type (partial width)
A.2.2 Folding platform
Tailgate with the platform folded once or more before taking its road position (see Figure A.7).
43
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Figure A.7 - External folding platform type
A.2.3 Retractable
Tailgate elevator with platform retracted to road position under the vehicle body (see Figures A.8 and
A.9).
Figure A.8 - External retractable type (folded once)

Figure A.9 - External retractable type (double folded)
A.2.4 Swivel
Tailgate that can rotate on a vertical axis to be stored in or under the vehicle in the road position (see
Figures A.10 and A.11).
44
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Figure e A.10 - External swivel type
Figure A.11 - Internal swivel type

A.2.5 Door mounted
Elevator gate attached to a vehicle door (see Figure A.12).
45
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Figure A.12 - Internal elevator gate mounted on door
A.2.6 Integrated (on the floor of the vehicle)
Tailgate elevator where the platform, in the road position, is an integral part of the vehicle floor (see
Figure A.13).
Figure A.13 - Tailgate elevator integrated into the vehicle floor
A.2.7 Mounted inside the vehicle
Tailgate that, in the road position, is fully enclosed in the vehicle whose door(s) can only be closed
when the tailgate is stowed (see Figures A.4, A.11 and A.12).
A.3 Platform types

— Cantilevered fixed platform
— Fixed column platform
— Cantilevered platform
— Folded platform in column
46
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Annex B
(normative)
Crushing and shearing
B.1 General
The types of preventive measures, detailed in this Annex, correspond to the requirements for
protection against crushing and shearing given in 5.11. This list is not exhaustive and other methods,
achieving an equivalent level of safety, may be used.
NOTE 1 In each of the following examples, the operator's positions can be clearly marked on
the platform or in the vehicle.
NOTE 2 Unless otherwise noted, all linear dimensions are in millimeters.
B.2 Rise and fall of the platform

B.2.1 General
If the platform is raised or lowered, means must be provided to minimize the risk of crushing or
shearing the operator's feet and hands. The following examples provide an acceptable level of safety.
B.2.2 Two-handed control units
The two-hand control unit requires the operator to stand in a safe operating position and use both
hands to raise or lower the liftgate. This protects the operator's hands from being crushed and sheared
(see 5.11; 5.17.5 and 5.18.2).
The positioning of the control unit must keep the operator's hands, arms and head out of the danger
zone, but at the same time ensure that the operator has a clear view of the platform and the load. The
distance (L) between the rear edge of the body and the centerline of the control unit should be
between 300 mm and 600 mm, see an example in Figure B.1.
NOTE This solution only provides protection for one operator.
47
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Figure B.1 - Example of two-handed control positioning for safety and visibility
B.2.3 Two-legged control units
The two-legged control unit requires the operator to use both feet to operate the liftgate. As a result,
the operator's feet are protected against crushing and shearing (see 5.11; 5.17.5 and 5.18.2).
If the two-legged control unit is adopted, then the controls must be positioned so that no control used
for lifting is closer than 250 mm to any potential crushing or shearing point between the platform and
the vehicle. There should be a minimum distance of 250 mm between the centers of the two controls
(see Figure B.2).
NOTE This solution only provides protection for one operator.
48
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Dimensions in millimeters
Figure B.2 - Positioning of the two-legged controls
Commands that require a sequence o f operations can be placed at more frequent intervals.
close together.
B.2.4 Becquet
B.2.4.1 Latch for vertical movement
For vertical motion elevators only, if the spoiler solution is adopted:

— there shall be a minimum horizontal clearance of 75 mm between the moving parts of the platform
and the fixed parts of the vehicle, except where protected by a spoiler (e.g., Figures B.6, B.7, B.8
and B.9)
— this spoiler must be made of a profile whose outer edge is not more than 30° from the vertical, see
Figure B.3.
Legend
1 tailgate platform
49
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
2 vehicle floor
Figure B.3 - Spout
B.2.4.2 Spoilers for parallelogram type systems
For parallelogram type elevators, if the spoiler solution is adopted :

— the spoiler must be made of a flexible material to avoid crushing and shearing;
— this spoiler must be made of a profile whose outer edge is not at an angle of more than 45° to the
vertical, see Figure B.4.
Legend
1 supple material
Figure B.4 - Parallelogram system spoiler
Sufficient protection against crushing and shearing is also provided if the interface between the lifting
platform and the rear cross member of the vehicle floor is designed so that for every 35 mm gap
measured vertically, a minimum horizontal safety distance of 80 mm is provided, see Figure B.5.
50
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Figure B.5 - Minimum safety distance (rectangular elevators)
B.2.5 Swivel foot guard
A swivel foot guard shall be provided to reduce the risk of foot entrapment when the platform rises to
the level of the vehicle floor. Such a swivel foot guard may be mounted on either the platform or the
vehicle floor.
If the platform-mounted swing-away foot protector solution is adopted, it should hinge on the edge of
the platform adjacent to the vehicle floor. When the platform is below floor level, the swing-away foot
guard must be in a near vertical position; otherwise, the upward movement must be interrupted. The
swivel foot guard must be able to move horizontally when the platform is level with the floor of the
vehicle.
The minimum size of such a swivel foot guard should be at least 10 mm larger than the horizontal
distance between the platform and the vehicle floor (see Figure B.6).
Legend
1 tailgate platform
2 vehicle floor
3 swivel foot protector
4 swivel foot protector (held in the up position)
51
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Figure B.6 - Swivel foot guard mounted on platform
If the swivel foot guard solution attached to the vehicle floor is adopted, it shall hinge on the edge of the
vehicle floor adjacent to the platform and located so that it can swivel from its stowed position to form a
bridge connection with the platform. It shall be capable of rising freely in the event that an operator's
foot is under it.
A minimum horizontal space of 75 mm must be maintained between the fixed parts of the vehicle and
the moving parts of the platform (see Figure B.7).
Legend
1 tailgate platform
2 vehicle floor
Figure B.7 - Swivel foot guard mounted on the vehicle floor
NOTE Such a swivel foot guard can also be used as a bridge between the platform and the floor.
B.2.6 Sensitive protection device
A device can be provided to cause the moving platform to stop in the event of an obstacle
before an accident occurs. The device shall comply with EN ISO 13856-2:2013.
If the solution of a device is adopted, it must make impossible any other movement in the same
direction as long as the obstacle remains.
The device may consist of, for example:
a) mechanical contact bars associated with switches;
b) of flexible profile pressure bands with pneumatic switches;
c) Interrupting beam systems that stop the platform's travel before the crush
or shearing does not occur.
See examples in Figures B.8 and B.9.

This list is not exhaustive and other measures, achieving an equivalent level of security, can be used.
For examples a) and b), after the switches are engaged, the free travel of the soft edge or contact bar
must be greater than the stopping distance of the platform.
52
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Legend
1 tailgate platform
2 vehicle floor
3 sensitive protective device
Figure B.8 - Vertical Travel Platform Device
Legend
1 tailgate platform
2 vehicle floor
3 sensitive protective device
Figure B.9 - Radial stroke platform device
B.2.7 Automatic foot protection flap

An automatic flap can be provided to reduce the risk of the foot being caught in the vice. If provided,
this device must be permanently attached to the tailgate and its effective height must be at least 25
mm (see an example in Figure B.10).
53
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
1 truck bed
2 ground
Figure B.10 - Example of automatic foot protection flap
B.2.8 Assigned position of the operator

If the assigned operator position solution is adopted, the platform and/or vehicle floor shall be clearly
and permanently marked with a safe working area (min. 400 mm × min. 400 mm) defined at least 250
mm from the gap between the platform and the vehicle floor. The marking should at least consist of the
footprints and the square, see Figure B.11.
The assigned operator positions can be used with portable control units at
cable, portable control units without cable or a fixed internal control unit.
54
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Figure B.11 - Safe working area
B.3 Platforms that can rise above the floor level of the vehicle
Additional crush and shear safety features such as markings, lighting, or mechanical barriers shall be
provided to ensure the safety of an operator on the floor of the vehicle when the platform descends
from an upper level.
B.4 Closing and opening of the platform

B.4.1 General
If the platform of the liftgate is to be closed and opened by any means other than manual effort, then
means must be provided to allow the operator a clear view of the work area, and at the same time
minimize the risk of crushing or shearing the operator's head, upper body and legs.
B.4.2 Two-handed control units
The two-handed control unit requires the operator to stand in a safe operating position and use both
hands to fully open and close the liftgate, see B.2.2.

B.4.3 Sensitive protection device
If a detector is provided to protect the operator from being crushed when the platform is closed against
the vehicle body, then this protection must be effective to a height of at least 2000 mm above ground
level (see Figure B.12 and also B.2.6).
55
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Figure B.12 - Sensitive protection device for closing

B.4.4 Portable control units
If portable control units are used, then either of these alternative examples may provide an acceptable
level of security:
— To activate and use the portable control unit, the operator must be in a safe position with a clear
view of the work area to deploy or stow the platform;
— portable control units limited to up and down control and limited tilting movements, and cannot be
used to deploy or stow the platform.
—
56
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Annex C
(informative)
Structure and transmission systems
Figure C.1 shows an example of a parallelogram tailgate structure.
Legend
1 platform
2 structural components
3 transmission system
Figure C.1 - Example of a parallelogram tailgate structure
Figure C.2 shows an example of a column liftgate structure.

57
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Legend
1 structural components
2 platform
3 transmission system
Figure C.2 - Column lift structure
58
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Annex D
(normative)
Transmission systems - Steel cables and chains
D.1 Recommended wire rope specifications

The strand strength of steel wire rope shall be between 1,570 N/mm2 and 2,250 N/mm2.
Ropes shall have a sufficient number of strands to provide adequate fatigue resistance.
Tail elevators with a rated load of more than 500 kg must be equipped with cables with a diameter of
more than 6 mm. For light duty elevators, the cable diameter must not be less than 4.5 mm.
D.2 Dimensions of pulley grooves

The depth of the groove of the rope sheaves shall not be less than 1.25 times the nominal diameter of
the corresponding rope. The groove shall be circular at an angle equal to or greater than 120°. The
radius of the groove shall be between 5% and 10% greater than the nominal radius of the rope (see
Figure D.1).
Legend
1 deflection angle
2 throat radius
3 depth of the throat
4 hollow of the throat
Figure D.1 - Pulley groove dimensions
D.3 Deflection angle

The deflection angle formed by the walls of the pulley grooves must be between 50° and 54° for
an angle of attack up to 5° (see Figures D.2 and D.3).
59
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
D.4 Angles of attack
Figure D.2 - Angle of attack for a pulley
Figure D.3 - Angle of attack for a drum
D.5 Primitive circle

Legend
1 diameter of the pitch circle
2 step of the chain
Figure D.4 - Pitch circle for steel chains
This illustration is used to promote understanding of the text.
60
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Annex E
(normative)
Examples of control logic
E.1 Foot controls
Legend
1 safety button
2 top
3 bottom
Xa option 1
Xb option 2
Figure E.1 - Foot controls

Legend
1 safety button
2 top
3 bottom
4 neutral position
Y detail
Figure E.2 - Foot Switch
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Legend
1 rear of the vehicle
2 front of the vehicle
3 lever
Figure E.3 - Control switches
E.2 Two-handed control switches
Figure E.4 - Two-handed control switches

62
Figure F.1 - Symbol

Figure F.2 - Text
(informative)
Marking
Annex F
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
63
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Annex G
(informative)
Detailed examples of unintended use
Manual controls can be designed so that the push button is no larger than necessary to operate with a
finger with a protective glove. The push-button should be surrounded by a relief, as close as possible,
so that the upper part of the push-button does not protrude beyond the relief.
The hand control levers can be automatically locked in neutral or protected by a separate control.
The pedals can be designed so that in neutral the pedal is depressed or covered. They can be operated in
combination with an additional control (which can be an additional foot control).
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Annex H
(normative)
Checking the installation
H.1 Compatibility between the tailgate and the vehicle

Compatibility between the liftgate and the vehicle must be confirmed. See Article 6.
H.2 Optional equipment

The liftgate installer must, in consultation with the manufacturer and the user, confirm the
compatibility of the liftgate and the vehicle, taking into account the intended use.
H.3 Static test

H.3.1 Deformation
With the platform of the vacuum elevator positioned midway between the ground level and the floor
level of the vehicle, measure the height of the platform and its angular position relative to the floor of
the vehicle.
Place a load equal to 125% of the maximum load on the platform and remove it.
When repeating the measurements of the height and position of the liftgate, check that no part of the
liftgate or its attachment to the vehicle has been permanently deformed in a way that could affect the
operation of the liftgate.
H.3.2 Subsidence
Place a load equal to 125% of the maximum load on the platform positioned at the vehicle floor.
Measure the height of the platform and its angular position in relation to the vehicle floor. Repeat
these measurements after 15 minutes of testing.
Verify that the vertical sag of the platform between these two measurements did not exceed 15
mm. Check that the angular sag of the platform between these two measurements has not
exceeded 2°.
H.4 Dynamic test

Place the maximum load on the platform and operate the elevator to ensure that it can perform all
lifting, lowering and tilting operations in a normal manner.
NOTE This test can be conducted with 100% of the maximum load, regardless of the 110% "rule of thumb"
suggested by Directive 2006/42/EC. 100% allows the dynamic test to be performed without altering the preset
and protected load limiting device.
H.5 Functional and safety function tests

Check all liftgate functions and the operation of all safety devices after the static and dynamic tests
have been completed. These tests do not apply to safety valves or non-resettable safety devices such as
electrical fuses. (These parts are type tested by the manufacturer).
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Measure the descent and inclination speeds with the maximum load positioned on the platform
all other speed measurements must be made with the platform unloaded.
H.6 Test to ensure that the liftgate cannot lift an excessive load
Place a load equal to 125% of the maximum load on the platform positioned at ground level. Activate
the "lift" control and check that the platform cannot lift the load (upward tilt may be allowed).
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Annex I
(informative)
Overloads on a platform at vehicle floor level
Overloading of a liftgate caused by placing an excessive load on the platform at vehicle floor level
cannot be prevented. A downward movement from the floor level of the vehicle as a result of an
overload cannot be prevented at reasonable cost. These risks can be avoided by proper use and
supervision of the liftgate operation.
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EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Annex J
(informative)
Protective devices for the work area
J.1 General
Handholds and/or railings are an acceptable method of reducing the risk of falling from the platform.
J.2 Handles
Handles can be mounted on the vertical posts of the vehicle door frame. Handles can reduce the risk of
falling or tripping when the operator is climbing on or off the platform. In addition, the use of handles
can reduce the risk of falling during an upward or downward stroke.
J.3 Guardrails
Guardrails can reduce the risk of falling during an upward or downward stroke and when handling
goods around the platform. However, it is recognized that the installation of guardrails can potentially
cause other types of injury, limit the space for handling loads on the platform, limit the use of the cargo
space included in the body, and may be in conflict with other regulations; therefore, consultation
between the manufacturer of the elevator, the vehicle manufacturer, and the operator should take place,
depending on the transport application and operating conditions.
NOTE Crush and shear hazards exist between guardrails and the vehicle body. Requirements to minimize the risk
of crushing and shearing are specified in Appendix B.
When guardrails are used, it is recommended that they be provided as follows:
— on at least each edge of the platform, parallel to the direction of entry and exit of the load into and
out of the body;
— preferably along the entire length of the platform;

— conform to the dimensions and load test requirements given in 5.2.
However, due to the wide variety of liftgate types, transport applications, and loading and unloading
situations, shorter guardrails may be useful in reducing the risk of falling off the platform in the
following situations:
— platform equipped with a side loading ramp;
— folding platforms.
Similarly, lower height guardrails can be useful to reduce the risk of falling off the platform in cases
where the platform width is too narrow to accommodate full height guardrails.
The guardrails can be attached to the vehicle in the following ways:
— permanently attached to the platform and, if necessary, folded for storage;
68
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
— removable guardrails, stored in the vehicle during transport;
— mounted on the rear frame of the vehicle body.
When guardrails are not attached to the platform, the installer must eliminate the risk of entrapment in
the area between the bottom of the guardrail and the moving platform.
J.4 Examples of guardrails mounted on the platform

J.4.1 General
This list of examples, see Figures J.1, J.2, J.3 and J.4 below, is not exhaustive and other methods,
achieving an equivalent level of security, can be used.
J.4.2 Removable side railings mounted on the platform surface
Figure J.1 shows an example of removable side guards mounted on the platform surface.
Figure J.1 - Removable side railings mounted on the platform surface
J.4.3 Foldable side railings mounted on the platform surface
Figure J.2 shows an example of folding side guards mounted on the platform surface.
69
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Figure J.2 - Foldable side railings mounted on the platform surface
J.4.4 Side railings opening towards the sidewalk
Figure J.3 shows an example of side railings opening to the sidewalk.

Figure J.3 - Side railings opening to the sidewalk
70
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
J.4.5 Guardrails mounted on rails - Protection on three sides - not allowing loading or
unloading on the side
Figure J.4 shows an example of a guardrail mounted on a slide providing protection on all three sides.
Figure J.4 - Guardrails mounted on a rail - protection on all three sides - not allowing loading or
unloading from the side
J.5 Examples of body-mounted guardrails

Figure J.5 shows an example of permanent body-mounted guardrails.
71
72
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Figure J.5 - Permanent body-mounted guardrails
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Annex K
(informative)
Electric tailgate elevator
K.1 General
The following electrical requirements can increase the operational reliability and safety of the liftgate.
K.2 Vehicle - Tailgate Interface

K.2.1 Code A and B ETMA
The European Tail Lift Manufacturers Association (ETMA e.V.) has defined interface standards available
for the controls (ETMA Code A) and power supply (ETMA Code B/C). ETMA Code A provides a
standardized interface to indicate the proper storage of the tail elevator (see 5.10.1) and an on/off
switch for the power supply to the tail elevator (see 5.8).
K.2.2 Interface positions
The location of the interface points for ETMA Code A and ETMA Code B/C must be on the right
longitudinal chassis frame 1 m behind the rear frame end. This defined position shall also be applicable
for any other form of electrical connection.
73
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Legend
1 Code A, control wire
2 Code B/Code C, power wire
3 interface
Figure K.1 - Interface positions
K.3 Power supply

The values shown in Table K.1 are minimum requirements for the power supply of a tail elevator.
74
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Table K.1 - Power Supply Requirements
Voltage circuit
12 V 24 V
Maximu Electrical Battery Generator Electrical Battery Generator
m load current capacity output [A] current capacity output [A]
[kg]. [A]. [Ah] [A]. [Ah]
≤ 750 kg 200 143 70 150 105 (2 × ) 70
≤ 1,000 kg 250 143 70 200 105 (2 × ) 70
≤ 1,500 kg 250 180 90 200 180 (2 × ) 90
> 1,500 kg 250 180 110 250 180 (2 × ) 110
> 1,500 kg 300 220 110 300 220 (2 × ) 110
power
user
All components (e.g. cables, fuses) in combination must meet these requirements, also taking into
account the mode of operation of the liftgate (intermittent operation).
User-specific profiles, e.g., high frequency of tailgate operations in an urban environment, should also
be taken into consideration when configuring the power system.
When vehicles/chassis can be ordered with a pre-installation for tail elevators, this option should be
selected.
75
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard

and the essential requirements of the EU Directive 2006/42/EC to be
covered
This European Standard has been developed in the context of a request for standardization, "Mandate
M/396 to CEN and CENELEC concerning standardization in the field of machinery" by the Commission in
order to provide a voluntary means of compliance with the essential requirements of Directive
2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, as amended
by Directive 95/16/EC (recast).
Once this standard has been published in the Official Journal of the European Union under the
Directive, conformity with the normative clauses of this standard indicated in Table ZA.1 confers, within
the scope of the standard, presumption of conformity with the applicable essential requirements of the
Directive and related EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 - Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex I of Directive
2006/42/EC
The relevant essential Article(s)/Sub-article(s) of this Remarks/Notes

requirements of Directive NE
2006/42/EC
1.1.2. Principles of security 5.1 ; 5.7
integration
1.1.3. Materials and products 5.7 ; 5 . 12 ; 5 . 14.2.1 ; 5 . 14.2.2 ;
5.14.3.2; 5.14.3.3; Article 6
1.1.4. Lighting 5.2 ; 7.4.2
1.1.6 Ergonomics 5.2 ; 5 . 3 ; 5 . 10 ; 5 . 17 ; 5 . 18.2 ;
Article 6 ; 7.4.1 ; Annex B;

Annex E
1.2.1. Safety and reliability of 5.8 ; 5 . 9 ; 5 . 10 ; 5 . 15.2 ; 5 . 17 ;
control systems 5.18.1; 5 . 14; Article 6; 7 .4.1;
Appendix B; Appendix D;
Appendix E
1.2.2. Service bodies 5.17; 5.18; Article 6; Schedule B
1.2.3. Starting up 5.15.2; 5.17; 5.18.1; Article 6
1.2.4. Stop 5.15.2; 5.17; 5.18.1; Article 6
1.2.4.1. Normal stop 5.14.1.1; 5.17.1; Article 6
1.2.6. Failure of 5.9; 5.17.1; Article 6
energy supply
1.3. Protection against 5.2 ; 5.4 ; 5.10.2 ; 5.11 ; 5.13.3 ;
mechanical risks 5.14.2.1; 5.18.2; Article 6; 7.4.1;
Appendix B
76
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)

2006/42/EC
1.3.1. Risk of loss of 5.16; Article 6
stability
1.3.2. Risks of failure in service 5.12 ; 5.14.2.1 ; 5.14.2.2 ;
5.14.3.2 ; 5.14.3.3, 5.15.3 ;
Article 6
1.3.3. Risks due to falls, ejections 5.12 ; 5.14.2.1 ; 5.14.2.2 ;
of objects 5.14.3.2; 5.14.3.3; Article 6
1.3.7. Risks related to moving 5.12 ; 5.14.2.1 ; 5.14.2.2 ;
parts 5.14.3.2; 5.14.3.3; Article 6
1.3.9.Risks due to 5.14.1 ; 5.17.7.4 ; 7.4.2.4
uncontrolled
movements
1.5.3. Power supply other than 7.4.2.4
electrical
1.5.4. Assembly errors 5.17; 5.10; Article 6; 7.4.1;
1.5.15. Risk of slipping, tripping 5.2, 5.13; Article 6
or falling
1.6.1. Maintenance of the 7.4.2; Appendix H
machine
1.6.2. Access to workstations or 5.2; 5.18.2; Article 6; Appendix B;
points of intervention Appendix E
1.6.3. Separation of the machine 7.4.2.4
from its energy sources
1.6.3. Separation of the machine 5.8 ; 5.9 ; 5.15.2 ; 5.17 ; 5.18.1 ;
from its energy sources 5.14; Section 6; Schedule D

1.7 Information 5.17; 5.10; Article 6; 7.4.1;
1.7.1. Information Article 6; 7.4.1
and warnings on the
machine
1.7.1.1. Information Article 7
and information
systems
1.7.1.2. Warning devices 5.13.4; Article 6
1.7.3. Marking of the machines Article 6; 7.4.1
1.7.4. Instruction manual 7.4.2
3.2.1. Driving position 5.4; 5.5; 5.6; 5.13.1; Article 6
3.3. Control systems 5.2; 5.18; Article 6; Appendix B;
Appendix E
3.3.1. Service bodies 5.17.2 ; 5 . 17.3 ; 5 . 17.7 ; 5 . 18 ;
Section 6; Schedule B; Schedule E
77
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)

2006/42/EC
3.3.2. Switching on 5.8 ; 5.10.1 ; 5.17.2 ; 5.17.3 ;
start- 5.17.7; Article 6; 7.4.2.3;
up/movement Appendix E; H.2.2
3.4.3. Turning over 5.4; 5.5; 5.6; 5.13.1; Article 6
and tilting
3.4.4 Falling objects 5.4; 5.5; 5.6; 5.13.1; Article 6
3.4.5. Means of access 5.2 ; 5.4 ; 5.5 ; 5.6 ; 5.13.1 ; 5.18 ;
Section 6; Schedule B
3.4.7. Power transmission 5.2
between the self-propelled
machine (or tractor) and the
receiving machine
3.6 Information and indications 7.4.2.3
3.6.1. Signs, signals and warnings 5.2; 5 . 13.3; 5 . 17.3; Article 6;
7.4.1
4.1.2.1. Risks due to lack of 5.2; 5.5; 5.6; 5.13; Article 6
stability
4.1.2.3. Mechanical resistance 5.12 ; 5.13 ; 5.14 ; Article 6;
Appendix D
4.1.2.4. Pulleys, drums, 5.12; 5.14; Article 6; Appendix D
rollers, cables and chains
4.1.2.5. Lifting accessories and 5.12; 5.14; Article 6; Appendix D
their components
4.1.2.6. a) 5.4
4.1.2.6. c) 5.5.2; 5.13; Article 6

4.1.2.6. e) 5.5.2
4.1.2.7. Movements of 5.18; Section 6; Schedule B
the loads during handling
4.1.2.8.4. Risks due to a load 5.5; 5.13.1; Article 6
falling from the passenger
compartment
4.1.3 Fitness for purpose Appendix H
4.2.1. Control of 5.4
the movements
4.2.2. Control of solicitations 5.16; Article 6
4.3.1. Chains, cables and straps 5.12; 5.14; Article 6; Appendix D
4.3.2. Lifting accessories 5.12 ; 5.14 ; 5.16 ; Article 6;
Appendix D
78
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)

2006/42/EC
4.4.1. Lifting accessories 5.5.2; 7.3; 7.4.2; Appendix E;
Appendix H
4.4.2. Lifting devices 5.16; Article 6
4.4.2. c) 5.18; Section 6; Schedule B
4.4.2. d) 7.4.2; Appendix E; Appendix H
4.4.2. e) 7.3; 7.4.2; Appendix E; Appendix H
6.1.1. Mechanical resistance 5.12; 5.14.2.1; 5.14.2.2; Article 6
6.1.2. Load control for machines 5.12; 5.14.2.1; 5.14.2.2; Article 6
moved by other than human
power
6.3.1. Risks related the 5.4

carrier's movements
6.3.2. Risk of fall of 5.2; 5.18.2; Article 6
persons outside the carrier
6.4.1. Risks to persons in or on 5.4
the carrier
6.5. Marking Article 6; 7.4.1
WARNING 1 - The presumption of conformity is valid only as long as a reference to this European
Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard are required to consult regularly the latest list published in the Official Journal of the
European Union.
WARNING 2 - Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) within the scope of this
standard.
79
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Bibliography
[1] ETMA Electric vehicle interface, http://www.taillift.org/en/electrical-vehicle-interface/
80

Tail Elevators - Platform Lifts For Mounting On Wheeled Vehicles - Safety Requirements - Part 1: Tail Elevators For Goods

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ISSN 0335-3931

Classification number : R 18-905-1

Tail elevators - Platform lifts for mounting on

Descriptors International Technical Thesaurus: lifting equipment, elevator, platform,

AFNOR - All rights reserved Version of 2021-08-P

To understand The reader's attention is drawn to the following points:

Specific aspects of commercial vehicles,

Composition of the standardization committee

M ARNAULD MTS - MECHANICAL TOLERIE LOCKSMITHING

M BARBIER RENAULT TRUCKS LYON

M MOREAU PSA AUTOMOBILES SA

With special thanks to : M Joseph RATSIMIHAH, and M Loïc FLEURY

ICS 53.020.99; CReplaces EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008

Tail elevators - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled

This European Standard was adopted by CEN on 11 July 2021.

C OMITÉ EURO PÉEN DE N ORMA LISA TIO

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

European Foreword ..................................................................................................................................6

5.10.2 Security .......................................................................................................................................23

5.17 Controls .......................................................................................................................................29

A.2.7 Mounted inside the vehicle.............................................................................................................46

B.4 Closing and opening of the platform........................................................................................55

Annex K (informative) Electric tailgate elevator .................................................................................73

This document supersedes EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008.

The main changes from the previous edition are as follows:

— the introduction of performance level as a security concept;

— support for cable-free mobile control systems.

This document is a type C standard as specified in EN ISO 12100.

— consumers (in case of machines intended to be used by consumers).

— only trained people used the machine;

— the components without specific requirements were :

— of good mechanical and electrical construction;

— composed with materials of adequate strength and quality;

— harmful materials such as asbestos are not used;

— the equipment is capable of operating correctly in a temperature range of -15 °C to

— swivel type, with a maximum lifting height not exceeding 2 m ;

— used as bridges, when provided by the manufacturer.

Loading and/or unloading operations include the use of a tailgate

— overloading of the vehicle floor;

— the drive system with screws and nuts ;

— operation subject to special regulations (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres);

— the power supply network and the electrical circuit;

— the power take-off part of the system;

— electromagnetic compatibility (emission-immunity) ;

— static electricity problems;

— Risks arising during installation, transport and decommissioning;

— Risks arising from the handling of freely swinging suspended loads;

— requirements for use on public roads;

— wind pressure during and after use;

— direct contact with food products;

EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems

EN ISO 13849-2:2012, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems

3 Terms and definitions

Figure 1 - Platform width and depth

Note 1 to article: See Figure 2.

Note 2 to article: Vertical distance is a different concept than height.

Figure 2 - Platform vertical travel distance

Note 1 to article: See Figure 3.

Note 1 to article: See Figures 3 and 4.

Figure 4 - Nominal load

EXAMPLEButton , switch, joystick, pedal, lever.

Note 1 to article: See Appendix C for examples.