DOSdges

Children
in
Drug
 Drug DOSOges
in Children

Meharban Singh
MD, FAMS, FIAP, FIMSA, FNNF, Hony. FAAP
Former ProfessOr Ond Hedd
Deportment of Pediotrics ond Neonofol Division
WHO Coldboroting Center for Troining dnd
ReSedrch in Newborn COre
All Indio InStifute Of MediCol Sciences
New Delhi

Ashok K Deorari
MD, Diplomote NB, FAMS, FNNF
ProfessOr
Deportment of Pediofrics
All Indio InStifute Of MediCol Sciences
New Delhi

@
CES

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research dnd experience brooden the scope of information
ond knowledge. The duthors hove tried their best in giving
Drug Dosdges information dvdiloble to them while preporing the moterid
in Children for this book. Although, dll efforts hove been mode to ensure
Ninth Edition optimum occurdcy of the moterid, yet it is quite possible
Some errors might hove been left uncorrected. The publisheſ,
the printer dnd the duthors will not be held responsible for
ISBN: 978-81-239-2627-8 ony inddvertent errors, omissions or indcourdcies,

Copyright © Authors ond Publisher

Ninth Edition: 2015
First Edition: 1986
Second Edition: 1990
Third Edition: 1993
Fourth Edition: 1997
Fifth Edition: 2001
Sixth Edition: 2004
Seventh Edition: 2007
Eighth Edition: 2011
CBS Reprint, 2015

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| Prefoce to the Ninth Edition |
W. are amazed at the reception and acceptance accorded
to the earlier editions of the pocket book. We are indeed
satisfied that our efforts have amply served the felt needs of
medical students, resident doctors, general practitioners, and
consultant pediatricians. This edition has been brought out on
the advice of several readers and their suggestions have been
incorporated. The book has been updated and expanded. Drugs
for malignant disorders have been dropped because a variety
of protocols are being followed by different oncologists. Several
newer formulations including antiretroviral agents,
antimalarials, and antibiotics have been included. The standard
or usual adult doses of most of the drugs are also provided to serve the
felt needs of GPs and family physicians. The previous style and
format has been maintained. Index has been provided to
facilitate retrieval of information with ease and speed. We do
hope that the book shall continue to enjoy the patronage of
physicians dealing with care of sick children as well as adults.
We greatly appreciate the assistance and suggestions provided
by some of our faculty colleagues, residents and DM fellows.
The contributions made by Drs Rajnish Juneja, Rakesh Lodha,
Rajni Farmania, Amit Kumar Satpathy, Mayank Priyadarshi,
Tanushree Sahoo, Gopal Sridhar and Ankit Maheshwari are
gratefully acknowledged. We would like to take this
opportunity to thank Mr YN Arjuna, Mrs Ritu Chawla and
Mr Vikrant Sharma for composing and inserting the manuscript
in the word processor and to our friend Mr Satish Kumar Jain
for his enthusiasm and commitment to publish the ninth edition
of the book in an improved style and format. We sincerely hope
that the updated and revised edition of the popular pocket book
would continue to serve the felt needs of medical students,
residents, family physicians and consultant pediatricians.
New Delhi Mehdrban Singh
April 2nd, 2015 Ashok K Deorori
| Prefoce fo the First Edition |
ere is no simple formula to calculate the dose of drugs for
children and most physicians are scared to write a
prescription for infants. The dose varies with the age, weight,
surface area, nature of the disease process and functional
maturity of the child. The knowledge regarding precise dosage
is essential because margin of drug safety is low in infants and
administration of medications in suboptimal doses is associated
with unsatisfactory outcome. Due to several reasons, the adult
dose cannot be modified for use in children. The pocket book
has been designed to serve as a ready reckoner of drug dosages
to young residents and practising pediatricians and we hope it
will instill confidence in their prescriptions and reduce
incidence of avoidable side effects of drugs.
The book provides brief information regarding the
pharmacokinetics of drugs with special emphasis on advantages
and disadvantages of various routes of administration, drug
absorption, distribution, bioavailability, tissue binding and its
metabolism and excretion. The drugs have been listed
alphabetically giving daily dosages per unit body weight,
frequency and route of administration. Certain important
cautions and contraindications in respect to selected drugs have
been provided to prevent therapeutic misadventures. To
improve the practical utility of the booklet, trade names of
formulations from standard pharmaceutical companies along
with their products and strengths are appended in parentheses.
The authors are thankful to Shri Anil Bhutani for typing the
manuscript. The credit for prompt publication of this manual
is shared by our publisher and friend Shri Narinder K. Sagar.
New Delhi Mehdrban Singh
October 2, 1986 Ashok K Deorori
 Sz"

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 Prescription Abbreviotions

Weights and Medsures

CC Cubic centimeter

gram
kg kilogram
meter square
mg milligram
|19 microgram
m| milliliter

ng nanogram

Lotin Abbreviotions and their Mednings

a.c. (ante cibum) before meals

aq. (aqua) Water

b.i.d. or b.d. (bis in die) twice a day

gtt. (guttaſe) drop(s)
h (hora) hourly
h.s. (hora somni) at bedtime

liq. a liquor
mist. (mistura) a mixture

o.d. (omne in die) once a day

omn. hor. (omni hora) every hour
omn. man. (omni mane) every morning
p.c. (post cibum) after food

p.o. (per Os) orally

p.m. (per rectum) rectally
p.r.n. (pro re nata) When needed

q (quadue) every
q.i.d. (quarter in die) four times a day
q.s. (quantum sufficiat) a sufficient quantity
 xiv. Drug Dosages in Children

R. take (thou) a recipe

S.O.S. (si Opus sit)
stat (statim)
t.d.s. (ter die sumendum)
t.i.d. (ter in die)
u.d. (ut dictum)
as and when required
immediately
three times a day
three times a day
as directed

Abbreviotions

BMI body mass index

Caps Capsules
C// Contraindications
CSF cerebrospinal fluid
d day
div divided
DT dispersible tablet
ET Endotracheal
hr hour
|M intramuscular
indic indications
IT intrathecal
IV intravenous
|V|G intravenous immunoglobulins
min minutes
NG nasogastric
PEM protein energy malnutrition
PO (per os) by mouth or oral
PR per rectum
SC subcutaneous
SE side effects
SeC Seconds

Susp suspension
Syr Syrup
Tabs tablets
Wks Weeks
 Confents

Preface to the Ninth Edition

Preface to the First Edition vii
Recommended Immunization Schedule

Prescription Abbreviations 3:iii

. Pharmacokinetics of Drugs
Analgesics, Antipyretics and
Anti-inflammatory Agents
Anthelmintics 26

Antiarrhythmic Agents 30

Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutic Agents 34

Anticoagulants 54
Anticonvulsants 56
Antiemetics 67

Antifungal Agents 71
Antihistaminics 76

. Antihypertensives 82

. Antileprosy Drugs 89
Antimalarials 91

. Antimyasthenic Agents 96

. Antiprotozoal Agents 98

. Antispasmodics 102

. Antitoxins and Immunoglobulins 105

. Antitubercular Drugs 111

. Antiviral Agents 115

. Bronchodilators 122
. Cardiotonics 129
. Diuretics 132

. Hormones and Drugs for Endocrinal Disorders 135

. Tranquillisers, Hypnotics, Sedatives and

Antidepressants 144
 xvi Drug Dosages in Children

25. Vaccines 152

26. Vasodilators 162
27. Vitamins and Hematinics 165
28. Miscellaneous Agents 170
29. Specific Antidotes 186

Index 193