A Group 1 Presentation on Sources of History

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1. President, Jefry Coloma

Wa c g u i ya n
2. Vi c e P r e s i d e n t , D i v i n e G r a c e Af a n
Domingo

BOARD OF 3. S e c r e t a r y a n d R e c o r d e r, C l a r i s s a
Rosquero Ramirez

HISTORIANS 4. Researchers, Princess Al k e n a

Iniego Parallag and Mary Jane
Molina Islabon
5. Ta b u l a t o r, C h r i s t i n e J o y Al v a r e z
Carlos
6. Ai d e , P r i n c e s s J o y L u m a a d

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Answer the questions prepared and you will get your respective
prizes given.
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PRIMARY Are sources or materials produced by people or

groups directly involved in the event or topic
SOURCES being studied.

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1. Autobiographies and memoirs

2. Diaries, personal letters, and

correspondence

EXAMPLES 3. Interviews, surveys, and fieldwork

4. Photographs and posters

5. Works of arts and literature

6. Speeches and oral histories

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Gottschalk simply defines secondary sources as

the testimony of anyone who is not an
eyewitness – that is of one who was not present

SECONDARY at the event of which he tells. Secondary

information is filtered through someone else’s
SOURCES perspective. These are books, articles and
scholarly journals that had interpreted primary
sources or had used them to discuss certain
subjects of history.

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1. Bibliographies

2. Biographical works

EXAMPLES 3. Periodicals (Newspaper, magazine and

journal)

4. Literature reviews and review articles

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Why do we criticize something’s credibility and authenticity?
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EXTERNAL CRITICISM
• It refers to the genuineness of the documents. It is looking into the authenticity of evidence by
examining the physical characteristics and historical characteristics of the documents.
• The following are series of questions to establish the genuineness of a document or relic according to
Key (1997).
a. Does the language and writing style conform to the period in question and is it typical of other work
done by the author?
b. Is there evidence that the author exhibits ignorance of things or events that man of his training and
time should have known?
c. Did he report about things, events, or places that could have been known during the period?
d. Has the original manuscript been altered either intentionally or unintentionally by copying?
e. Is the document an original draft or a copy?

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INTERNAL CRITICISM
• It refers to the meaning and truthfulness of the documents. It talks
about the value and worth of its contents. Key (1997), provides
the following questions to check the content of a source of
information:
a. What was meant by the author by each word and
statement?
b. How much credibility can the author’s statements be
given?

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Examining the context of history
and aboriginal roots our nation
makes us truthful and considerate
in spotting bad decisions and good
dilemmas, for the future of us.

Board of Historians, Group 1 (2023)

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AREAS OF FOCUS
THE PAS T
• Spot the mistakes of the past
and apply it to the present as a
requisite.
• Plot what was wrong and plan
what should be done for the
future of the land.
THE FUTURE
• The things we have learned
from the past will be calibrated
for the future’s expense.
• Knowing the motion of our
decisions and how it affects
each and everyone of us.

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Our main identity rests on how we spot the truth

from what is not. We should examine history out
of curiosity and determination, because its
authenticity breaks every barrier of doubt and

SUMMARY insolence or ignorance. Question history,

investigate it on your own, and demand yourself
an answer from the personalities of the past. In
that way, you’re showing your true identity as
you agree or not agree with history, along with
its evidences.

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The Board of Historians appreciates your effort in listening.