Heading: Revision

Subtitle: Revision

History of Travel – International and India Role of Tourism Infrastructure, Inns and Early
Times, Hotels in Modern Times, History of Hotels in India

History of Travel

Important events

Travel in prehistoric times

The travel during this time was about day-to-day survival.

Travel in the middle ages

Trade and commerce were the big reasons to travel. Talk about a few great explorers who travelled
for trade and commerce.

Early pleasure travel

Romans as the first pleasure travellers. They travelled for a variety of reasons and enjoyed
attractions associated with natural beauty, arts, music and the colosseum games. Well to do Romans
travelled for sports, religion and pleasure.

Silk route was a creation during this period, stretching across more than 12000 km from
Mediterranean Sea to the pacific ocean.

Travel for Religious Purposes

The Grand Tour

Travel around the industrial revolution

The industrial revolution was important for the change and social and economic systems.

Emergence of Rail and road Transport, air transport and high-speed trains

Tourism Infrastructure

Expansion and modernisation of the tourism infrastructure is perhaps the single most important
challenge to travel and tourism in reaching its full potential. Many regions in the world have not
been able to fully reap the benefits because of a lack of infrastructure.
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Infrastructure for tourism:

a. Airports
b. Hotels
c. Roads
d. Water supply
e. Information systems
f. Other public utilities

International tourism infrastructure

1. Tourism is an important factor in world trade and economic, cultural and social development
of the countries.
2. The fast rate of expansion of international tourism is a result of increasing leisure, higher
standards of living.
3. Advances in transport and communication has led to an increase in the world travel.
4. Various countries have put in efforts to promote their tourism products all over the world due
to which the world tourism has enhanced.
5. The international tourism has also grown due to an increase in the purchasing power of
people.
6. Various countries are spending an increased amount of money on building the tourism
infrastructure to attract more tourists.
7. Developed countries in Europe and North America are the well-travelled destinations due to
which tourism is profitable in these regions of the world.
8. The developing countries are also getting a good advantage of the increasing tourism market,
the major earnings for developing countries is through foreign currency earnings.

History of hotels:

Inns

1. Inns were the first accommodation facilities which catered to the needs of travellers in early
times. Innkeeping is an ancient profession.
2. During the Roman empire many inns were established which provided food, drinks and
entertainment to the tired travellers.
3. With the decline of the Roman empire and there not being many trade activities, people were
not travelling frequently, and innkeeping lost its importance and for many years there was not
much development in this area.
4. Travel started growing again due to religious reasons where cathedrals and monasteries
welcomed travellers and gave them a comfortable experience. The accommodation at these
places was free of cost.
5. By the 15th century Inns developed in Europe mainly England and France. During the 17 th and
18th century the facilities provided in the Inns were expanded. Some of the Inns had about 30
rooms.
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 6. English common law declared the Inn to be a public house and imposed social responsibility
on the Innkeeper for the well being of the traveller.
7. Even today large number of old Inns still operate as hotels in England some of which are
about 400 years old.

Taverns

1. In the United stated Taverns were opened in 1634 by Samuel coles and became popular by
1780 as meeting places where people used to come for eating, drinking and entertainment.
2. Many important events were associated with Taverns. In 1783 General George Washington
bid farewell to his top-ranking officers in the Frances Tavern in the New York City.
3. The famous Boston Tea Party was planned in a Tavern called Green Dragon.

History of Hotels in India

1. Viharas, Dharamsalas, Sarais and Musaphirkhanas were a few establishments that provided a
home to all travellers like the pilgrims, scholars, adventurers or merchants. The shelter has
always been a part of India’s culture as a valuable institution.
2. The ancient Buddhist monks were probably the first to institutionalise the concept of shelter
in India.
3. The ancient travellers found shelter in the monasteries and cave temples scattered all over the
south western India.
4. These monasteries were located on the anciet trade routes between important deities of the
region.
5. Merchants gave liberal donations for the construction and maintenance of these
establishments.
6. The trader travelled with their merchandise and money on these routes for business and
stayed in the ancient hotels called the viharas.
7. In the medieval period the caravanserai appeared as exclusive lodges with a cook called a
nanbhai attached to them.
8. Sher Shah Suri the Afghan Emperor who built the Grand Trunk Road also bult these caravan
serais along this highway to create good conditions for travel and trade.
9. The Mughals also built such facilities all over the empire.
10. Until the mid 19th century majority of travels took place within the boundaries of the country
and were essentially meant for Travel and Trade.

Emergence of Hotels

1. Hotels emerged substantially with the advent and growth of railways connecting places and
cities.
2. The hotels were developed along the main railway and highway routes in major towns.
3. Railways brought substantial volumes of business to hotels
4. With the development of railways in many countries within and around Europe the number of
hotels were also increased.
Thomas Cook
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 1. 1860s saw the introduction of Thomas Cook’s railway and hotel coupons.
2. Starting in 1868 Thomas Cook arranged for regular tours of Switzerland and Northern Italy
from England.
3. By the 1890s about 1200 hotels all over the world accepted hotel coupons.
4. Due to this increase in the number of people travelling and the demand increasing Inns,
Taverns, Private Houses and Hotels enhanced their facilities too.
5. The major change in tourist demand came from the development of the transport
infrastructure and the emergence of different types of holidays that people could now
undertake due to increasing incomes and enhanced standards of living.
6. Introduction of the motor car and air transport was a major factor in further growth of hotels.

Modern Hotels

Modern hotels provide accommodation, meals and refreshment for a guest who books in
advance or goes and books on the spot at the hotel premise.

Types of hotels

There are various types of hotels catering to the various demands of tourists.

Size, facilities, amenities, features differ from one establishment to another. Following are the
main types of modern hotels.

Resort Hotels

1. These hotels cater to the leisure traveller and the holiday traveller. It is for those guests who
desire a change of atmosphere.
2. The resort hotels are usually located near the sea, mountains, and other scenic locations
where nature is in abundance. Rest and relaxation are the key features around which these
hotels are built. A few examples are The Oberoi Udaivilas, Taj Rambagh palace, Taj Lake
Palace, The Leela Goa etc.
3. The primary motive of a person visiting resort hotels is rest, relaxation, and entertainment.
4. The resort hotels have an atmosphere of informality. The type of services and amenities
available in a resort hotel are recreational such as swimming pool, golf course, tennis courts,
skiing, boating, surf – riding and various other indoor sports.
5. Resorts can be classified on the basis of climate and topography.

Residential Hotels

1. Can be described as apartment houses complete with hotel service.

2. Could also be called apartment hotels.
3. These could be furnished or unfurnished based on the type of accommodation. These were
developed in the USA where people discovered that permanent living in hotels offers many
advantages.

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Heritage Hotels

1. These hotels have unique architectural features that were preserved from a period of time.
2. These are operating in Palaces, castles, forts, hunting lodges, havelis and residences of any
size built several decades ago.
3. The architectural features are of a distinctive character.
4. The architecture of these hotels cannot be altered and any small changes also need to be made
keeping in mind the original design.
5. The properties converted into hotels to be called heritage should have been built before 1950
to be called a Heritage Hotel. The HRACC (Hotel and restaurant approval and classification
committee) give out guidelines for a hotel to be called a heritage hotel.

Motels

1. This concept originated in the US. Motel was meant for local motorists and foreign tourists
travelling by road. Primarily designed to serve the needs of motorists.
2. Motels meet the demand for transit accommodation
3. The services provided by motels include, parking, garage facilities, accommodation,
restaurant facilities, public catering and recreational facilities.
4. All motels are equipped with filling stations, repair services, accessories, garages, parking
space, elevator service to the automobile entrance, restaurants etc. There is also equipment
and tools available for the guests to use themselves for repair.
5. The prices charged for accommodation and meals is much cheaper as compared to that in
hotels.
6. These are mostly located outside the city limits in the country side along with the main
highway and preferably at an important road junction.

Youth Hostel

1. Youth hostels made their first appearance in Germany in about 1900.

2. The concept was popularised due to the need of the youth of large cities to travel on foot
throughout the country.
3. In order to provide for some sort of accommodation and services, the dormitories in the Inns
were equipped with cots, mattresses, sheets and blankets.
4. Large rooms in Inns were used as dining and living areas. Providing all major meals (also
called full board for breakfast, lunch and dinner) at low costs to the guests.
5. There was also provision for additional kitchen where travellers could themselves prepare
their own meals.

Time share and resort condominiums:

Time – share and condominiums provide a unique range of accommodation to a tourist. Provides for
on site recreational, flexibility, affordability to a large number of tourists around the world.

Please go through the link below for timeshare and condominiums.

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Timeshare Definition (investopedia.com)

Unit 2

Role of Travel Agents and Tour Operators

1. To make necessary arrangements for a chosen holiday like booking of accommodation,

transport and other relevant services.
2. Preparation of itineraries
3. Liaison with service providers
4. Planning and costing for tours
5. Ticketing
6. Provision of foreign currencies

a. Preparation of individual pre planned itineraries, personally escorted tours and group tours
and sale of prepared packaged tours.
b. Making arrangements for hotels, motels, resort accommodation, meals, car rentals,
sightseeing, transfer of passengers and luggage between terminals and hotels, and special
features such as music festivals and theatre tickets.
c. Handling of and advising on many details involved in the modern-day travel. E.g. travel
and baggage insurance, language study material, travellers cheques, foreign currency
exchange.
d. Knowledge of tarin schedules, train connections, rates of hotels and the hotel products.
e. Arrangement of reservations for special interest activities.

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