Structure and Function of Breast (Anatomy)

Breast

 Breast are paired mammary glands that lie over the muscles of the anterior chest wall, anterior
to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles
 Divided into four quadrants (upper outer quadrant which extends into the axillary area referred
to as the Tail of Spence) Most breast tumors occur in this quadrant
 Lymph nodes are present in both male and female breast. These structure drain lymph from the
breast to filter out microorganisms and return water and protein to the blood

External Breast Anatomy

 Nipple
 Areola
 Montgomery glands
 Hair Follicles

Internal Breast Anatomy

 Glandular Tissue
 Mammary ducts
 Fibrous Tissue
 Fatty tissue

Abnormalities noted on Breast

 Abnormalities of the breast are readily apparent such as peau d’orange and paget disease,
some breast internal changes are detected only by palpation and mammography
 Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control

Cancerous Tumors

 Irregular, Firm, hard, not defined masses

 Not usually tender

Fibroadenomas

 These lesions are lobular, ovoid or round

 Firm, seldom tender and usually singular

Benign breast disease

 Round and elastic

 Tender
 Pulmonary and lung Metastasis

Metastatic tumors in the lungs are cancers that

developed at other places in the body (or other
parts of the lungs). They then spread through the
bloodstream or lymphatic system to the lungs. It is
different than lung cancer that starts in the lungs.

Nearly any cancer can spread to the lungs.

Common cancers include:

 Bladder cancer
 Breast cancer
 Lung cancer
 Colorectal cancer
 Kidney cancer
 Melanoma
 Ovarian cancer
 Sarcoma
 Thyroid cancer
 Pancreatic cancer
 Testicular cancer
Anatomy of Lungs with Pneumonia

 A severe respiratory infection that

damages the lungs is known as
pneumonia. When a healthy person
breathes, little sacs in their lungs called
alveoli fill with air. The alveoli are stuffed
with pus and fluid when someone has
pneumonia, which makes breathing
difficult and reduces oxygen intake.

Anatomy of Skin Pressure Ulcer

 Stage 3 involves the full thickness of the skin

and may extend into the subcutaneous tissue
layer; granulation tissue and epibole (rolled
wound edges) are often present. At this
stage, there may be undermining and/or
tunneling that makes the wound much larger
than it may seem on the surface.

Stage 1 ulcers have not yet broken through the skin.

Stage 2 ulcers have a break in the top two layers of skin.

Stage 3 ulcers affect the top two layers of skin, as well as fatty tissue.

Stage 4 ulcers are deep wounds that may impact muscle, tendons,

ligaments, and bone.