1/10/18

Neuschwanstein Castle: 1869-86, Bavaria Germany, Hohenschwangu. Collision of steeples, turrets, sit at
top of mountain. Program: castle, housing for royalty. Almost 20 yrs to build. Sleeping beautys castle
modeled after it. Mad king Ludwig ascended to the throne at 18. Patron of the arts. Never had kids. The
attitude towards a room change based on its design.
Royal Pavilion: Brighton England, Henry Holland, 1787. Remodeled by John Nash in 1815-23. Built for the
top of the top. Imaginative building with inspiration from the orient. Designed to entertain royalty.
Asymmetrical organization. Ornamentation as an expression of wealth and authority.
Walhalla and Propylaea in Germany. Expensive stone. There to express authority and wealth. Reminder
to obey authority.
Glypothek: Germany. Leo von Klenze. Ionic order. Smaller rooms flanking a central space. Glyptotec is
museum for sculpture.
British Museum: Robert Smirke 1823-47. Stuff the British took from all over the world. The great court
conditions exposed space to be used as interior space. 94-00 Foster & Partners
1/19/18
Terminology
Plan: Orthographic projection of a 3D form onto 2D
Elevation: Vertical Orthographic projection onto 2D
Section: Like elevation and cuts through a building
Perspective v Isometric: unparallel vs parallel projection
Program: what the building is for
Typology: The type of building
Site: The place where a building is, scale and relativity to places surrounding it
Client: The person with the money
Formal Quality: Objective form of the building including proportion and materials
Style: the formal qualities of a building based on the architect or time
1/22/18
The Madeleine: Vignon 1806-45, looking back to greek and roman era to make buildings with exterior
epression. Form; creating a building meant to be seen.
Altes Museum: Berlin, Schinkel, 1823. Shinkle chose greek and roman revival. Always lookin gbackwards.
Boullee. National Library: unbuilt projects. Single isle arch. Newtons’ Cenotaph 1784. Opera House..
Ledoux. Saltworks of arc and senans. Director’s House 1773-79.
Ideal House 1770. Ideal for whom?
Many aspirational buildings.
Warren Stone House: 1840. Southern houses with Greek revival style. Plantation houses.
Plum Orchard: Peabody and Stearns, 1898. Wealthy individuals
1/24/18
All Saints’ 1849-59 William Butterfield. Looking back to medieval era to represent the modern world.
Materiality reinforces the inside.
St Pancras Hotel: Sir Gilbert Scott 1868-74
Reims Cathedral: 1880-95
Restoration of Medival projects during this gothic revival period. How did gothic revival employ the
modern technologies to address the problems of the era?
Eastern States Penitentiary: A building that looks like a castle to show authority. John Haviland. 1823-25
NJ State Prison: Haviland 1832-36. Plan is the same but dress is different
Washington Monument. Egyptian revival
Bank of Pensylvania: Latrobe. Roman Revival. Large Interior Spaces
Bibliotheque Ste Genevieve. 1850. Double height ceiling
2nd Empire monumentality
Movement from wall to skin
1/29/18 Iron and Steel
Iron Bridge, Coalbrookdale, England: 1775-79. Thomas Pritchard. Industrial architecture. First cast iron
bridge ever built. Visually expression of safety and security.
Clifton Suspension Bridge: Isambard Kingdom Brunel. 1846-64. England. Operate at the edge of
innovation. Famous suicide bridge
Royal Albert Bridge: Saltash, England, 1857-59.
Box tunnel. Brunel
Paddington Station: Brunel, 1850-55. Train Station in densely populated area.
Albert Bridge: RM Ordish. 1872-73. Gothic revival bridge.
Brooklyn Bridge: Roeabling. 1869-83. Gothic Revival. Provide space for unregulated for human
interaction (perception). Quality of permanence.
Bibliotheque National. Labruste
Penn Station; Mckim, Mead, and White. 1902-11. Demolished 1964.
Bradbury Building: LA. Commercial space
Great Stove. Chatsworth England. Paxton 1848. Greenhouse. Display the plants from all across the
empire
Conservatory Wall. Chatsworth.
Palm House, Kew gardens. Decimus Burton and Richard Turner. 1844-48. Solely designed for palm trees.
Crystal Palace: Joseph Paxton. 1851. Monumental project to display the UK. No fireproofing.
1/31/18
Museum of natural History: Dean and Woodward, Oxford England, 1855-60. Arts and Carfts movement.
Crating a building that would fit the demand and problems of the time.
William Morris: disliked the impact of the industrial revolution. Liked the crafts. Ideal society based on
guilds.
Red House: Kent, England 1859. Houses built by common people and avoiding the modern design.
Kelmscott Manor: Morris’ summer house
Leyswood: Shaw. Creating an expressive vision of domesticity. Irregular.
Perrycroft: Voysey. Looking for a way to express domesticity in a protomodern era.
Hill House: Asymetrical concrete house. Designing exterior and interior.
H. H. Richardson: dressed in medieval monastic robes.
Ames Gate Lodge: Massive stone work added to the perfect roman revival.
Trinity Church: Copley Sq. Boston.
Allegheny Courthouse and Jail: Pittsburg. Rustic monumental arches.
Frank Lloyd Wright: “Inglenook”
Gamble House: Greene and Greene, Pasadena. New movement of wealth to the west. Multiple materials
to use since timber was abundant. 1907-08.
Pennsylvania Academy of Arts: Furness & Hewitt, Philadelphia. Celbration of craft and stone
(materiality). Small columns. Most buildings demolished.
Dodge House: Irving Gill, Clean sleek interiors. Proto modern building. 1915-16. Demolished.
2/5/18 Chicago Style / Prehistory of Skyscraper
Prehistory of the skyscraper.
James Bogardus, Edgar Stores: Cast iron building, prefabricated building. Abundant use of timbers
NY Produce exchange: George Post, 1881-85. Beginning of a single massive central structure.
Marshall Field Warehouse: HH Richardson, Chicago IL, 1885-87.
Chicago Building Style, wide base, often 2 or 3 stories, shaft thins out, and crown with highest
ornamentation.
The Rookery: Daniel Burnham and John Root, Chicago IL. Carved out rectangle. Highly glazed interior.
Auditorium Building: Dankmar Adler and Sullivan, Chicago, 1889. Sullivanesque, meaning rich in
ornamentation.
Monadnock Building: Burnham and Root, Chicago, 1889. Masonry load bearing building. Profitability and
space.
Home Insurance Building: jenney, Chicago 1883-5. Flexible building that had floors added to it.
Leiter Building II: Jenney, 1891. Changing the façade of the building to accommodate commercial desires
Reliance Building: Burnham and Root, 1890-94. Reprogrammed.
Marquette Building: Holabird and Roche
Wainright building: Adler and Sullivan, St Louis, Chicago style
Prudential Building: Adler and Sullivan, Buffalo NY. Sullivanesque.
Carson Pirie Scott Store: Sullivan, Chicago window.
2/12/18 Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau. New design movement in the early 1900s. Organic and metaphorical movement.
Antoni Gaudi (1852-1926):
Casa Mila: 1905-10, Barcelona, Spain. Apartment block. Emphasis on expression of structure.
Organic structure. Unlike anything that came before. Creating new structural systems. Unorthodox
angles. Diaphragm arches.
Casa Battlo: 1905-07. Strange and unusual room shapes.
Parl Duell: 1900-14. Entire urban park. Aquatic imagery.
Sagrada Familia: Still under construction. Massive models.
Victor Horta (1861- ):
Hotel tassel, 1893-95. Characteristic inside. The whiplash. A plant, snake lizard. Suggestion of
motion through different shapes. Much more restrained than Gaudi.
Hotel Van Eetvelde: Brussels
Metro Entrance to metro station: Hector Guimard, identity to a metro.
Castel Beranger: 1894-98. Paris, France. Ornament and structure coming together.
Postal Savings bank: Otto Wagner. 1904-06. More controlled designed in Austria and Germany.
Joseph Maria Olbrich:
Secession Building, 1898. Vienna, Austria, Distinctive buildings.
Ernst Ludwig House. 1901. Darmstadt, Germany. Artist colony. Very wealthy client. Proper way of
entering a house. Gold, gold, gold.
2/14/18

Amsterdam Stock Exchange: 1897-1903. Henrik Petrus Berlage. Use of brick. Need Large room. To trade,
you must purchase a seat. Place to view the trade going on. Expression of Solidity and monumentality.
No longer used as stock exchange.

Perret:

#25 bis rue Franklin. (1902-3). Use of concrete. How should concrete be used as ornamentation.

Renault Garage (1905). Use of concrete in a garage. Large apertures. Glazing.

Theatre des Champs Elysees. 1911-13. Paris France. Concrete was used but not revealed

Notre Dame du Raincy 1922-3. Apply the belief to minimize the structural elements used in a
church to increase light.

Musee des Travaux Publiques. 1938. Staircase. Sculptural quality of concrete.

Centennial Hall. 1913. Scaled up version of use of concrete.

Steiner House. Adolf Loos (1910) Vienna, Austria. Progress depends on elimination of ornament. Howver,
building ornamented by nature. Public View is different from private view. Spare interiors.

Villa Muller. 1930. Prague, Czech Republic. Only ornament is the yellow windows. Symmetrical windows.
Sharp.

Larkin Building. 1903. Destroyed. Buffalo, NY. Frank Lloyd. Office building.

Albert Kahn:

Packard Company Bldg. Bldg. 10, Detroit (1905). Assembly line.

Ford Motor Company, Highland Park. 1918. Changing values and economy.

Ford Engineering Lab. River Rouge Complex. 1917-1939.

LeCourbusier. Dom-ino House. 1914. A house is a machine for living. Pulling back structural columns.

2/16/18 Avant Garde

History shaped by WWI and influenza pandemic.

Expressionism. Germany

Self Portrait with arm twisted. Egon Schiele. 1914 The physical form expressing the psychological
complexity.

Pieta. Kokoschka. 1916.

Stills form Das Kabinett des Dr. Caligari. 1919. Unorthogonal movie.

Cathedral of Socialism. Feininger. 1919. Expressionist. Left leaning ideas. Looking for architecture made
of glass (crystals).
Bruno Taut:

Glass pavilion. Bruno Taut. 1914. Advertise the ways in which glass can be used in architecture.
Structure revealed. Ornamented with glass. No function other than showcase a technology.

Creating an appropriate way to live using glass. City from west.

Chemical Plant. Poelzig. Structurally impressive project. Multi eyed creature / mountain. Expressive
qualities.

Cave building. Grosses Schauspielhaus. 1919. Expressionist

Einstein Tower. Mendelsohn. 1921. Germany. Brick building with multiple curves. Observatory.

Schocken Dept Store. Stuttgart, Germany. Erich Mendelsohn. Duality of the building between day and
night. Night time illumination with advertisement. 1926-7.

De La Warr Pavilion. Bexhill-on-sea, England. 1935. Mendelsohn. Shapes travel with the architect.

Monument to Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht. Belrin, 1926. Mies van der Rohe. Luxemburg was an
anarchitst. Wall.

Competition entry. Friedrichtrasse. Mies van der Rohe. 1921. Unbuildable at the time.

Futurists design. Manifesto published in Le Figaro. Speed. Power. Fear. War. Unbuilt architecture.
Monumental structures

Study for a power plant. Antonio Sant’Elia. Monumental. Celebrate factories an industrialism.

Constructivism. Soviet Union. Supremascism.

Kazimir Malevich.

Black Circle. Painted Geometries.

Black Square. Revolutionary geometry.

Russakov Workers’ Club. Melnikov.

Melnikov House. 1929.

Udarnik Cinema. Moscow, 1927-31. Boris Iofan. Stalin dissolves artist unions into one architect’s and one
artists. Return to figurative work.

Palace of Soviets. 1934. Boris Iofan. Inspired by the Empire State Building.

2/21/18 Abstraction

Paul Strand: Wall Street, NYC, 1915.

De Styl. Style of painting and architecture.

Mondrian

Grey Tree, 1911. Abstraction of a tree.

 Composition in Grey, Red, yellow & Blue. Removing the subject of the painting; much like
removing the program from a building.

Continued progression towards more abstraction. When does a grid pull back from the canvas.

Church St El. Sheeler. 1920. Train line. Flattening of the surfaces.

Mies van der Rohe. Brick Country House. 1923. Unrealized project. Absence of symmetry, but with
regularity.

Adolf Loos, Chicago. Skyscraper column.

Dance Hall of the Aubette. Strasbourg, france. Van Doesburg.

Café de Unie. Rotterdam, Holland. Oud.

Hook of Holland. Oud. 1924-27.

Creating furniture rather than just buildings.

Schroder House. Utrecht, Holland. Rietveld. 1924. House version of the chair. Modularity inside house.

Lovell Beach House. Schindler. Newport Beach, California. 1925-6. Inhabitation expanding to the exterior.

Metropolis. Paul Citroen. 1920. Cacophony of multiple modes of habitation.

2/26/18 Gropius and the Bauhaus

Walter Gropius (1883-1969)

Cow creamer: Reaction to poor aesthetic quality of mass production.

AEG Turbine Factory: Peter Behrens. 1908-9. Berlin, Germany. Building as Icon of corporate identity.

Fagus Factory: Alfeld-an-der-Leine. Germany. Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer. 1911-14. Revealing the
staircase and floor plan through the outside. Creating idealized industrial architecture.

Auerbach House. Jena. Gropius and Meyer. 1923. Flat roofline

Chicago Tribune Competition. Gropius and Myer. 1922. Asymmetrical.

Eliel Saarinen. Chicago. Gothic Romanesque revival.

Bauhaus. Dessau, Germany. Walter Gropius.

Bauhaus Masters houses. Gropius.

Mies van der Rohe takes over after Bauhaus moves to Berlin.

2/26/18 Mies van der Rohe (1st Half) (1886-1969)

Never goes to Architecture school. German Born. Mason. Reinvents himself.

Friedrichstrasse, Berlin. 1919. Never built. Technology was not available. Office Building from “Five
Project”. Competition entry.
Glass Skyscraper. 1921. Glass curtain walls were not possible. Certainly ahead of his time.

Concrete office Building. Conceptualization of the ribbon window. Expression of structural system. The
strcutre is brought inside.

Brick Country House.

Concrete country House. 1923. Building is raised. Created drainage system with no gutters.

Apartment block, Weissenhof Development. Stuggart, germany. 1927. Developing apartment complex
without a corridor. Garden on roof.

Alexanderplatz, remodeling project. Berlin, germany. Refused to follow the rules.

Tuegnhat House. Brno, Czechoslovakia. 1928-30. Industrial city. Rich client; made fortune from car
manufacturing. Absolute control of detail. God is in the details. Marble handpicked by Mies. Cantilevered
furniture. Floor to ceiling door. Cruciform column. Partitioning systems. Mies designed the furniture.
Glowing marble.

German Pavilion, International Exhibition. Barcelona, Spain. 1928-29.

Court House Projects. 1931-38.

3/5/18 New York City

Americcan Surety Building. NYC 1896. Bruce Price. Curtain walls. Built in Manhattans bedrock. Steel
Frame

Woolworth Bldg. NYC 1913. Cass Gilbert. Leased office space since it could not be fully occupied by the
headquartered company.

Equitable Building. Ernest Graham. 1915. Zoning laws were less strict in Manhattan than in Chicago.
Passively cooled. Maximize use of site. Effect on the economy creates zoning laws.

Creation of the Setback skyscraper. Wedding cake

American Radiator Building. Raymond Hood. 1924.

Air rights. Buying air above a building.

Paramount theater.

Chanin Building. Sloan & Robertson. 1929. Named after real state speculator.

Metlife Bldg, Napoleon LeBrun, 1909.

Chrysler Building, William Van Alen. 1930. These buildings will identify the corporation even though the
corporation might not be there.

Daily News Bldg. Raymond Hood. 1929. More modern bldg.

McGraw Hill Bldg. 1931. Raymond Hood.

Rockefeller Center. Raymond Hood. 1930-39. Multiple Buildings.

Diego Rivera’s fresco in Rockefeller center.

Empire State Building. Need for a large site. The developers were two of the richest in the world. Built in
18 months. Broadcasting tower. More money from observation deck than from rent. Profit was not
returned until 1950s. Structural integrity was not damaged when plane collided during WWII due to over
engineering.

Eventually, became popular spot for suicide.

3/7/18 Early Le Corbusier

Proto Modernist Architect.

Dom-ino house, 1914. Machine for living

Ozenfant studio-house. Paris, France. 1922. Stucco white planar geometry. Ribbon industrial windows in
domestic architecture. Spare interior, lack of ornament.

Villa Stein. Garches, France. 1927. Introducing automobiles as key component of domesticity. Double
identity with a public and private façade.

Weissenhof Exhibition. Stuttgart, Germany. 1927. Pilote instead of columns. Raised house. Additional
green space. Ribboned window. Free plan and façade due to moved structural system. Framed view of
surrounding landscape.

Plan Voisin in Paris. Unrealized.

Villa La Roche. Paris, France. 1923-25. Designed for Corbusier’s friend. Designed for showing off artwork.
Nicest blank walls. Use of light and planar surfaces to show off artwork. No ornamentation. Roof garden.
14eme Arrondissement.

Villa Savoye. Poissy, France. 1929-31. Painted as a boat. Curved base floor is designed based on the
turning radius of a car. The pillars were organized on this base. Free façade, ribbon window, roof garden.
Public façade is different; less ambitions. Wash station on the first floor after entering the house. Ramp
and stairs to go to the second floor. Glass door. Framed view of the garden.

3/12/18 Mies in America

Mies van der Rohe in America

Tear down the buildings in the campus and start over. Low wide buildings were created. Regular but
asymmetrical.

Commons Building, 1953 IIT, Chicago. Regular use of the grid.

Use of building as instructions to students. Void of ornament and use of materials. The importance is in
the details.

Only ecclesiastical building ever by Mies. God box. Recently renovated. Removal of step.

Multiple steps approach the architecture building as opposed to the chapel. Milked glass to block eye
level and provide privacy. Orthogonal architecture as opposed to curvy car architecture.
Clear-Span Buildings. Same system at different scales.

Convention Hall. 1953. Chicago.

Farnsworth House. Plano, Illinois. 1945-51. Elevated summer house. Handpicked Carrera marble. 1/3 of
cost. Material flows to outside. 15k/night. Everything there is there for a reason. Attention to detail.

Lake Shore drive. Chicago. 1948-51. Farnsworth house multiplied and turned into a building. Care of
detail, grid is seen in floor and structure.

Seagram Bvuilding. 1958. 375 park Ave. Most expensive office building at the time. Sense of control. The
building pulls back from the buildable lot. Public garden. Building had expensive art and materials.

3/26/18 Philip Johnson

Worked with Mies on the Seagram building. Born wealthy

Glass House. New Canaasn, Conn. 1946-51. Establishes the difference between Miesian modernism and
new modernism. This house sits at ground level. Glass box. Creating a landscape condition for the glass
house. Rusticated wall lines the approach to the house that sits next to the water. Ascend twice through
two humble slabs. Transparent yet reflective façade. Reference to chimney. Lack of control of detail
unlike Mies. The corner is not turned the same as Mies. Redefines the form in which life plays in New
Canaan rather than trying to manipulate it. 1 Single painting, 1 single cabinet. Arbitrary arrangement can
be seen when there is loss of control from the grid. Forward looking architecture from the mid 1900s
reveals the truth about current times and current architecture. In same place but never in dialogue.
$277/sqft.

Case Study House. Charles Eames. Santa Monica, CA. Visual pleasure in the American way. Mondrian
façade. A domesticity of pleasure.

Robertz Residence, Craig Ellwood & Associates. 1953. 1954-5.

Rosen House. Brentwood, CA. some privacy.

Lever House. Gordon Baunshaft. 1951. NYC. Rotated on Park Avenue. Low long base. Shiny mass
produced skyscraper.

Pepsi-Cola World HQ. SOM. NYC, 1959. Elegant building, all in white. Hides relationship with next
adjacent building. Crisp, sharp. Not what Pepsi is, but what it aspires to be.

Manufacturer’s Trust Company.

Inland Steel Building. Continuous multiplication of the style.

Equitable Building. SOM. Atlanta, GA. 1968. Rise of the suburbs and keaving inner cities. Response to
vehicles rather than pedestrians.

One Liberty Plaza, NYC. 1973. SOM. Wonder and awe changes and declines.

Emery Roth & Sons.

United Nations. Sensibility is watered down.

Postmodernism.

Social Sciences Building. Cornell University.

Hirshhorn museum. Contemporary art museum. Scaled slice of a column.

John Hancock Center. Chicago. 1970. SOM. Open floor plans by creating a structurally sound façade.
Multipurpose floor plans.

Sears Tower. Chicago, 1974. SOM. Modular blocks assembled into a building. Sears went bankrupt.

2/28/18 Rise of Postmodernism

Quality of modernism declined as the postwar era progressed. Pruitt-Igo. Reveals segregation in the
housing market. Creation of buildings that would serve dual purpose; housing blacks and whites within
the same structure. The projects failed, as well as the attempt to desegregate the housing market. This
led to an effort to change the way things look rather than address social problems.

Kneses Tifereth Israel Synagogue. Phillip Johnson. 1956. Mondrian and Miesian. Moves away from Mies’
neoclassicism.

IDS Center. 1972, Minneapolis. Not a box. Breaking from formal logic of Mies. Provides more corner
offices. Public spaces are privatized. Serves as marketing materials.

Pavilion, Philip Johnson Estate. New Canaan, CT. 1962. Own client.

Gallery, Phillip Johnson Estate.

Entry Pavilion to Philip Johnson’s state. Zaha Hadid looking.

McGregor memorial Conference center. Minoru Yamasaki.

Marina City, Chicago. Bertram Goldberg.

Knights of Columbus Building

US Pavilion, Buckminster Fuller.

Yale professors propose the future of American architecture will be in Las Vegas. Looking at signage.
Celbration of the foreign and imaginary. Two categories of building. A duck or decorated shed.

Vanna Venturi House 1962. Robert Venturi. Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania.

4/4/18 Le Corbusier

Skyscraper Project. Algiers. Le Corbusier. Never realized due to independence movement in Algiers,
French colony. Eventually, this design led to the design of the Pan American Airlines building in NYC. The
company went bankrupt.

Le Corbusier also thought of establishing political authority through architecture. Building monumentally
in colonial spaces to establish French dominance.
L’United d’Habitation. Marseille, France. Le Corbusier. 1947-52. Massive shortages of steel led to creation
of side cast concrete construction of Villa Savoye in form of apt. rooftop garden. Double height spaces in
individual apts. Single loaded corridor with benches and side glazing.

Alton West estate, Roehampton. London, England. London County Council Architects. 1956-61. High
demand for architects. Side cast concrete became a phenomenon in England and France.

Notre Dame du haut. Ronchamp, France. Le Corbusier. Set on top of hill. Celebration of materiality.
Mondrianesque glazing.

Monastery of Ste marie de la Tourette. Lyon, France. Le Corbusier. 1953-1957. Monastery becomes a
failure since people do not wan tto become monks in post-war era.

Old City Hall, Bryant & Gilman, 1865 > new City Hall, Boston, MA. Kallma, Mckimmell & Knowles. 1968.
Massive piers to elevate structure. Designed for white collar labor. Intimidating building.

Art & Architecture building. Yale U. New Haven, CT, 1958-64. Paul Rudlph. Students at work as opposed
to monks in a monastery. Section drawing reveal many floor plates.

High Court & Assembly Building. Chandigarh, india. Le Corbusier. 1951-55.

Secretariat Building, imposing western pattern language in a country that did not accept western norms.

Sarasota High School. Srasota, FL. Paul Rudolph. 1959. Modeled after Chandigarh.

Cartpenter center for the Visual Arts. Harvard U. Cambridge, MA. Le Corbusier. 1961-4.

Le Corbusier Center. Zurich, Switzerland. Le Corbusier. 1965-8. Use of the gable even though it had never
been used in any of his works.

4/6/18 Louis Kahn & Eero Saarinen

Kahn

Yale University Art Gallery. Early success at age 50 when he finds his style. Technological
complexity and hefty materiality. Repetition of simple geometries.

Penn U. Medical Labs. Complex technological divisions of spaces.

Salk Institute. La Jolla, CA. 1859-65. Highly specialized clients. Framing sea line. Integration of
water in the project.

Phillips Exeter Academy Library. New Hampshire, 1967-72. Contrast with orthogonal organizing
system. Detailing concrete.

India Project. Monumental use of brick with rectangular apertures. Organization allows for use
of light as component of design. Kahn found a way to introduce his western sensibilities to more local
environments in the east.

Kimball Art Muesum. Houston, TX. 1972. Oil money used to capture cultural essence of Texas.
Controlled use of light in the entrance and soft use of light inside.
 National Assembly, Dacca, Bangladesh. 1962-83. Combination of brick and side cast concrete to
create monumental structure.

Saarinen

Furniture designer and architect. Removing visual culture through design.

GM technical Center. Detroit, Michigan. Designed entire complex. Linkage between the
automobile and building. Monumental lobby. Highly organized furniture. Statement of might of GM.

IBM research center. Yorktown, NY Glazed hallways with curved Miesian design

IBM Manufacturing and Training facility. Rochester, Minnesota. Mies. Pristine

MIT Chapel. Cambridge, MA. No signal of ecliasiastical nature. Aperture in ceiling. Free of
ornament.

Stiles & Morse Colleges. Yale U. New Haven, CT. 1958-62. Careful use of rubbling.

CBS headquarters. NYC, NY. 1960-64. Sit on pedestrian area. Heavy and monumental. Highly
controlled corporate culture.

Jefferson Memorial Expansion Arch. St. Louis, MO. 47-48.

4/9/18 Brutalism

Etymology cannot be determined.

Hunstanton School. Norfolk, England. Alison & Peter Smithson. 1949-54. Intentions matter as much as
formal conditions. Architecture as a corrective. What is trying to be corrected? Costs were kept down.

Economist Group, 25 St. James St. London, England. Alison & Peter Smithson. 1964. Corporation in
control of upper middle-class magazines. 4 Towers adjacent to each other. Somewhat elegant; do not
speak location. Contrast to neighbors.

Robin Hood Gardens. London, 1972. A&P smithson. Housing for working class in 70’s London. Currently
area of high profile commerce. Opened skywalks. Not considering the weather.

Trellick Tower, London, Erno Goldfinger, 1966. Skip stop elevator.

Brunswick Park School, London. 1962-3, Stirling & Gowan.

Peabody Terrace. Married Student Housing. Harvard University. Cambridge, MA. Sert Jackson & Gourley.
1963. Married students get a balcony. Undergrads do not.

Design works well in stable warmer climates, so they can passively be heated and cooled.

Whitney Museum. NYC, NY. Marcel Breuer. 1966. Fortress. Cantilevered building. Windows protrude.
Thick walls.

HUD, Washington, DC, Breuer, 1963-8. Gigantic monastery for bureaucrats. Massive and monumental.
Fits into sandstone rhetoric of DC.
St. Joohn;s Abbey Church. Collegeville, MN. 1953-61. Breuer. Notre Dame Le Raincy inspiration. Reveal
interior structural system.

City Hall. Kurashiki, Japan. Kenzo Tange. 1957-60. How does japan rebuild asa democracy and not a
monarchy. Inclusion of Japanese sensibilities along with brutalism.

Communication Center fot the Yamanashi Region. Kofu, Japan. Kenzo Tange. 1967-8. Buildings that
appear modular.

Moshe Safdie, Habitat, Montreal. 1967. Very forward-looking project. Originally designed for senior
thesis. Interior and exterior diverge greatly because people are not willing to go forward too much.

4/11/18 World Trade Center

Located in Lower Manhattan. By Minoru Yamasaki. Tall buildings and who gets to be an American. The
architect was of Japanese descent. His family was in the US during WWII. Worked for Shreve, Lamb &
Harmon. His mission was to create architecture that expressed peace.

Lambert Airoprt Terminal Bldg. St, Louis, MO. 1953-56. How does one get out of the box? Decorate the
box?

Pruitt-Igo. Large buildings. Housing for low income families. Condensed in one site as opposed to spread
out over an entire neighborhood.

Worked in small scales. Promotes different metal techniques as well as other materials for construction.

Michigan Consolodated Gas. Detroit, MI, 1962. Decorated crown that lights up at night.

Woodrow Wilson School of international Affairs. Princeton, NJ. 1964-65. Development of ornamentation
later used in the Empire State building.

World Trade Center. Port Authority of NY. Controls bridges and Tunnels. David and Nelson Rockefeller
aided in the construction of the WTC. They devised a plan to move other headquarters along with
David’s citigroup to Lower Manhattan, increasing reals-state value. Private and Public forces allow for the
creation of the project. Promoting 10 million sq ft of space. Unlimited aspirations with no economic
rationality. Yamasaki settles on two towers. Yamasaki takes inspiration from Mies and 860 lake Shore Dr.
Only distinction is the broadcast antenna. Tower 2 is completed in the 70s. reaction is negative.
Manhattan façade has now shifted to Downtown as opposed to where it was before, midtown.

Building catered to very specific clientel. Not for world trade, mostly to financial entities. Commodify
something that did not exist before. A view. Power in a capitalist democracy is not held in the state
house. Called the silent sisters. They said nothing, did not speak to the people. Advertising was very
obscure. Dystopian books depicting a dark future of the US.

Fire scapes in the twin Towers were clad in sheet rock. Very fragile.