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Carlsson Omar 2006 MPP
Carlsson Omar 2006 MPP
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Trends in Prosthodontics
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Trends in Prosthodontics
Gunnar E. Carlsson a Ridwaan Omar b
a
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden;
b
Department of Restorative Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait
continuing periodontal breakdown without their use as Nevertheless, until modern dental implants were in-
long as any pre-existing periodontal condition had been troduced, people with too few remaining natural teeth
treated [12, 13]. and those with none had to rely on removable dentures.
Fixed prostheses are more favourably accepted by pa- In less than 25 years, the principle of osseo integrated
tients, but they also incur short- and longer-term biologi- implants has revolutionized the treatment of partially
cal costs, notably caries at retainer margins and other le- and totally edentulous patients [17, 18] (fig. 2). Both the
sions of abutment teeth, as well as carrying the risk of impact and the reality of the modality have since made
technical complications such as loss of retention and frac- implant dentistry the fastest growing field in the prosth-
ture of superstructure. A recent systematic review report- odontic literature [19]. Historically, oral implants are al-
ed longevity data for conventional fixed partial dentures, leged to have had a long past, as evidenced by several
with approximately 90% surviving beyond 10 years and ‘finds’ of ancient dental implants. Published in Nature in
75% beyond 15 years [14], although a more rapid decline 1998 and accorded some serious commentary by several
in survival may occur after 20 years [15]. This can be prosthodontists, a spectacular discovery in France of an
compared to a 50% survival rate over 10 years for metal iron implant has, however, been suggested to be no more
framework-based and one over 3 years for acrylic resin than the speculations of some 20th century archaeologists
removable partial dentures [16]. However, given the large [20]. Regardless of earlier attempts at implants, it was the
number of other factors that determine their prescription, principle of osseo integration that launched the intensive
it would be unrealistic to infer the relative cost-effective- development of implants in dentistry in 1965, which has
ness of the fixed versus removable prosthodontic modal- since revolutionized the treatment of edentulous patients
ities from such broad data [5]. [21, 22].
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merous between 1975 and 1984 after which a substantial istics of dental implants and clinical performance con-
decrease occurred. The number of publications on im- cluded that the scientific literature did not provide any
plant prosthodontics, while minuscule up to 1985, in- clear guidance on the alleged benefits of any specific mor-
creased dramatically thereafter and compensated for the phological characteristics of dental implants [54].
decline in other areas. The literature related to temporo-
mandibular disorders was copious between 1985 and Contemporary Therapeutic Trends
1994, when it comprised 4,275 articles, but has subse- During the last few decades, there have been wide-
quently diminished somewhat. The number of clinical ranging changes in dental care, materials and methods,
studies showed a steady increase from less than 1% of all which have greatly impacted dental practice in general,
prosthodontic articles during the first decade (1965– not least prosthodontics. For example, improvements in
1974) to 12% during the last decade examined (1995– preventive dentistry and dental health have enhanced the
2004). prognosis of prosthodontic therapy, while new ceramic
An extensive review of prosthodontic studies up to the systems and adhesive materials have helped to meet rap-
end of 2000 identified 92 to be randomized controlled idly increasing patient demands for more aesthetic and
trials covering a wide spectrum of study hypotheses, top- metal-free restorations. While the market- and consumer-
ics and issues within various domains [53]. The authors’ driven demand for aesthetic and cosmetic dentistry may
harsh judgment was that, in general, reports were of poor well be financially rewarding for the dental profession, it
methodological quality. This has resulted in a general lack arouses varying reactions among colleagues. It is felt by
of reliable evidence on a number of commonly performed some that the dearth of discussion of related ethical, con-
prosthodontic procedures, e.g. in matters such as differ- ceptual and value aspects of this market-driven trend
ences between impression materials, casting alloys, ce- away from oral health care and towards concerns about
ments, occlusal adjustment, ceramics, temporization body image threatens, or at the very least is at odds with,
etc. our professional obligations [55, 56].
The situation is not very different in implant dentistry. High-tech treatment alternatives, to which implant
More than 220 implant brands produced by about 80 overdentures still seem to belong, may remain restricted
manufacturers have been identified on the market, each to countries with high per capita incomes. Hopes for its
claiming superiority for its own products. A review as- routine prescription are far removed from the reality of
sessing the evidence for relationships between character- the rest of the world, and therefore from the majority of
130.241.30.47 - 8/23/2016 12:06:07 PM
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