COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM

SIMPLE CALCULATOR

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY

ABDUL KARIM SHAH

20EL064

SUBMITED TO

ENGR. YASMEEN PANHWAR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO

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 PREFACE

An Embedded system is always fun because it deals with programming and a micro-
controller to control the system effectively. It reduces human efforts and technological
hazards.
This Complex Engineering Problem (CEP) report describes about that how to how to make
(simulate) a simple calculator using Arduino IDE software. Brief description of given about
the components and software e.g. Porteous software. The programming is done in Arduino
language taking Arduino Uno as reference.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am thankful to my almighty Allah who give me potential and healthy life during the writing
process of CEP. Secondly, I would like to thank our teacher Ms. Yasmeen Panhwar, for his
guidance and support throughout the CEP.

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 Table of Contents
1. Literature Review ………………………………………………………… 5

2. Discussion ……………………………………………………………….. 4

i. Introduction ……………………………………………………….. 4

ii. Components Description ………………………………………….. 4

a) Arduino UNO …………………………………………………... 4

b) 4x4 Matrix (KEYPAD-SMALLCAL) Keypad ……………….. 5

c) LCD (LM016L ………………………………………………….. 5

iii. Software Description ……………………………………………… 5

a) Arduino IDE Software ………………………………………… 5

b) Porteous Software ……………………………………………… 6

3. Program …………………………………………………………………… 6

4. Simulation ……………………………………………………………….. 8

5. Conclusion ………………………………………………………………. 9

6. Reference ………………………………………………………………… 9

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 Literature Review
In this Complex Engineering Problem (CEP) we are going to make an Arduino based
calculator, with the help of Arduino UNO, 4x4 KEYPAD-SMALLCAL keypad, 16x2 LCD
(LM016L display, bread board and jumping wires. In this calculator the input is entered
through Proteus by KEYPAD-SMALLCALC keypad then the output will be displayed on 16x2
LCD (LM016L) display on Proteus interface. The function of calculation and control are
performed using Arduino UNO, in this calculator only some basic calculations are done like
addition, subtraction, division and multiplication. To have more complicated calculations
then the more arithmetic program should be done carefully.
For making a more complex calculator it should handle bigger number and more floating
point. With the help of code in this project all calculations process is done in this project we
learn use of Arduino, KEYPAD-SMALLCAL, and LCD (LM016L) display.

DISCUSSION
Introduction:
Performing simple mathematical operations was the basis on which one of the first
computing machines designed by Charles Babbage who is considered as the father of
computers was a steam-driven machine used to compute tables of numbers.
Arduino based calculator works in this the calculator reads from left to right. In this C programming
is used to perform the working of calculator in this the calculator mainly performs some basic
calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. With the help of Arduino, we can
transform coding program to the Porteous software where all simulation is done.

In this calculator 4x4 KEYPAD-SMALLCAL keypad is used for the input part and LCD (LM016L)
display is used for outputting the input is entered by a user then output will be displayed on the
keypad. The control and arithmetic program are performed using Arduino software which make this
calculator work completely.

Components Description:
1. Arduino UNO
Arduino UNO is the component which the board
have digital and analogue input and output pins
which will connect to the various components. In
this board there will have 14 digital input / output
pins and 6 analogue input/ output pins with the
help of Arduino uno cable which will connect with
the device it will be programmable with the help
Arduino IDE software. The Word UNO means the
This Photo by Unknown Author is
one in Italian language.
licensed under CC BY-NC

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 2.
3. 4x4 Matrix (KEYPAD-SMALLCAL) Keypad
The 4x4 Matrix (KEYPAD-SMALLCAL) Keypad is
interfaced to the Arduino UNO to take the input
from the user. This input is processed and
displaced on the LCD in the Porteousy. The 4x4
Matrix Keypad consists of 4 rows and 4 columns.
There is a switch that connects each row and
column. 4x4 keypad are developed in different
sizes and shapes. The 4x4 keypad is easy to
This Photo by Unknown Author is
arrange in matrix formation, in 4x4 keypad it has 8
licensed under CC BY-SA
terminals in this 4 terminals are row of matrix and
other 4 terminals are columns of matrix these pins
are driven from 16 buttons present in the keypad.
1. LCD (LM016L)
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic
display module and find a wide range of
applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic
module and is very commonly used in various
devices and circuits. The LCD display is used to
show the output to the user by taking input . The This Photo by Unknown Author is
LCD display used in various circuits and devices, licensed under CC BY-SA
the 16x2 means if shows 16 character per lines.

Software Description:
1. Arduino IDE Software
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment
- or Arduino Software (IDE) - contains a text editor
for writing code, a message area, a text console, a
toolbar with buttons for common functions and a
series of menus. It connects to the Arduino
hardware to upload programs and communicate
with them. The Arduino can be programmed using
the Arduino IDE. keypad.h header file is added to This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-SA-NC
the library for the functioning of the keypad. Liquid
Crystal.h library is added to functioning of LCD.

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 2. Porteous Software
It is a circuit designing software invented by
LabCenter Electronics. It used to design different
circuits on PCB (printed circuit board) and
simulation of different circuits. The use of proteus
for any electronic circuit project makes that project
cost-effective and less errored due to schematic
construction on the proteus. By using proteus you
can make two-dimensional circuits designs as well.
This Photo by Unknown Author is
licensed under CC BY-SA

Program:
Program is so easy, but it is lengthy. The library for LCD is already included in your Arduino
by default so we need not worry about it. For Keypad library click on the link to download it
from Github. You will get a ZIP file, then add this lib to Arduino by Sketch -> Include Library -
> Add .ZIP file and point the location to this downloaded file. Once done we are all set for
programming.

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 2 3

4 5

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Simulation:
We can also try simulating the project using Proteus software. Proteus does not have an
Arduino component on it’s own but can be easily downloaded and added to its library. Once
you have the Arduino component on Proteus, just add Alphanumeric LCD and Keypad to make
the connection as shown in the circuit diagram.

Then download the hex file from here and add it to the Arduino by double clicking on board
in Proteus and point the “program file” to this downloaded hex file. A snap shot of the
simulation is shown below,

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Conclusion:
The above CEP of Arduino based simple calculator m has designed and simulated. The
outcomes of the model were as per expectation. The future work on this project may lead to
develop some complex, scientific problems solving calculators.

Reference:
https://www.ijert.org/blocks/cfp

https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/projects/tags/calculator

https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/arduino-calculator-using-4x4-keypad

Google

YouTube

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