FINE BLANKING

1. INTRODUCTION

Fine-blanking is a precision forming process for producing functional metal components with
smooth-sheared edges over the entire workpiece in just one-step forming action with a small
die clearance comparing to conventional blanking. Moreover, no further secondary operation is
required for parts produced by the fine-blanking process, which mini- mizes the production
time and costs. Therefore, this process is widely used in the manufacturing of various products
such as components in automobiles, aircraft, and precision machines.
The fine-blanking technology was first developed and patented in Germany in 1925 by Fritz
Schiess [1]. The tech- nology was used in the horologe-manufacturing industry secretly until
1950s. The first mechanical fine-blanking press was designed and produced by H. Schmid and
his company in 1952. Subsequently, this technology became widespread and some
professional fine-blanking enterprises such as Fein tool, ESSA, and Hydrel were established.
Meanwhile, several other countries started investigating and developing the fine-blanking
process, which has evolved considerably over the past several decades. Up to now, several new
types of press have been designed and manufactured successfully, such as the XFT speed fine-
blanking presses which was developed by Fein tool. This series of fine-blanking presses
combine the advantages of hydraulics, servo technology and mechanics making it possible to
have fast retooling times and high cycle rates up to 200 times/min [2]. Moreover, some new
methods have been proposed and developed, mak ing this a crucial process in manufacturing,
especially in the automobile industry. Nowadays, adopting the fine-blanking process has
become an important measure to lower costs and increase the production of automobiles.

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Figure 1 shows the stages of the fine-blanking process [3]. While the tool is open, the strip
material is fed into position (Fig. 1a). The ram closes the tool at fast approach speed, but
before blanking is performed, it slows down for safety reason. This allows the entire space
inside the tool body such as workpiece or inner form slugs from the previous cycle. If the tool
is clear, the main piston is actuated (Fig. 1b). When the blanking force is applied (Fig. 1c), the
ram begins its cutting movement, in which the workpiece is cut out and pushed into the die
plate through a distance equal to its thickness. The slug from the inner form is held in place
inside the cutting punch by the counter force. All room. At this point (Fig. 1g) the material is
again fed for- ward, and the workpiece and the slug are removed mechanically or by an air jet
(Fig.1h).

Since the fine-blanking process was first developed and patented, several studies have been
performed to investigate the mechanism of this process. For example, large deforma tion
theory [4] and finite element methods [5] have been applied consecutively. Through these
studies, it was found that the formation of cracks was suppressed and the work- piece was
separated under three-dimensional compressive stress. A small clearance, high counterforce, a
blank holder force, and a V-ring indenter were adopted to achieve this objective [6].

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2. STATE OF ART
With the improvement of the quality requirements on parts, the application field of fine-
blanking technology is becoming wider and wider. To make this process more practical and
economical meanwhile get higher quality parts, many investigations on fine-blanking,
including materials, product shape, blank holder, die roll, tool and press as well as digital
technology, have been carried out. The state-of-the-art on these aspects will be discussed at the
end.

2.1 MATERIALS FOR FINE-BLANKING: SOFT TO HIGH STRENGTH

Selecting appropriate materials is crucial for obtaining high-quality products. Materials affect
numerous aspects of product quality, including shearing surface, dimensional accuracy, and
lifetime [7]. At present, carbon steel is still the most commonly used material for fine-blanking
because of its suitable mechanical properties and low cost. Because of the considerable
strength required for most fine-blanking products, fine-blanking steel developed from low
carbon steel to high-strength steel. However, materials with high strength tend to have low
plasticity, which can lead to poor fine-blanking performance and can considerably affect tool
life. Hence, fine-blanking high-strength materials requires maximizing the service strength

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while minimizing peak contact pressures to extend the tool life [8]. In addition, the application
of aluminum alloys [9] to fine-blanking is impor tant for achieving lightweight technology
because they offer low density and high strength.
The microstructural features of a material, which can be determined through heat treatment,
considerably affect the quality of fine-blanking products. For example, the morphology and
distribution of carbide are the most vital features in carbon steel. The complete nodularity,
high dispersion, and even distribution of spherical carbide are essential features for fine-
blanking. Recently, a macro–micro multiscale simulation approach has been developed to
investigate the effects of microstructure on various metal-forming processes [10]; this approach
has also been applied to fine-blanking [11]. By this approach, it is found that the deformation
resistance of ferrite-cementite steel increased with an increase in carbide content [11], and
carbide bending accelerated the microscopic damage of the material in the shearing zone
during fine-blanking [12]. Furthermore, severe carbide banding changed the macro path in the
sheets, adversely affecting the quality of the banking surface, as shown in Fig. 2 [12].

2.2 COMPLICATION OF PRODUCT SHAPE: FLAT PRODUCTS TO 3D COMPLEX

PRODUCTS

With the development of the fine-blanking process, the shape of fine-blanking products has
become more complex, thereby making the products more functional. More specifically, the
uniform thickness fine-blanking products were developed to inhomogeneous thickness
products and the two-dimensional planar fine-blanking products were developed to three-
dimensional products [7]. Figure 3 presents the evolution process of the fine-blanking products.
As shown in Fig. 3, these changes complicate the manufacture of these products by a single
fine-blanking process. Fine-blanking forming stamping (FFS) technology com- bine fine-
blanking with other cold-forming processes such as extrusion, deep drawing, flanging, bending,
coining and counter sink [13], as shown in Fig. 4; these combinations are crucial for producing
complex 3D multifunctional products that satisfy high mechanical and dimensional
requirements [14]. Figure 4 shows some typical examples of FFS. Several complex 3D
multifunctional products have been developed in the past by applying this technology, which
can improve both the quality of products and work efficiency [15].

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When complex fine-blanking products are required, numerous large-thickness products

must
be produced.

Fig. 3 Evolution process of fine-blanking products

Fig. 2 Schematic showing the effect of carbide banding on changes in the crack path [12]

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 FINE BLANKING

Coining Bending Deep Drawing

Fig. 4 Typical fine-blanking forming stamping technology

2.3 EVOLUTION OF BLANK HOLDER: NO V-RING INDENTER

In fine-blanking, the material in the deformation area near the die cutting edge undergoes
three-dimensional compressive stress, the occurrence of any fracture is suppressed so that the
material can be separated through plastic deformation. To accomplish this, a V-ring indenter,
which can optimize material flow by introducing compressive stresses in the shearing zone
[18], can be introduced in the fine- blanking process, as shown in Fig. 5a [19]. However, the
conventional fine-blanking process with a V-ring indenter has some limitations, for example
[20]: a V-ring intender on a blank holder is difficult to manufacture and maintain; due to the
wedge effect of the V-shape, it is difficult for a V-ring indenter to pierce deeply into a thicker
plate. Therefore, modifications must be made to typical blank holder.

It is reported that the plane blank-pressing fine-blank- ing process, which is a fine-blanking
process using a plane blank holder instead of a V-ring indenter with smaller die clearance, can
overcome these problems, as shown in Fig. 5b [21]. There is no difference between the working
processes of the two fine-blanking technology. The blank holder force, counterforce, and
blanking force can be used to form the three-dimensional compressive stress and improve the
plas ticity of the material in the deformation zone. However, small clearances require high
accuracy in production of tool components and thus are more expensive. Hence, an eco- nomic
feasibility should be taken into account when using this method.
Some new methods have been proposed and developed recently. A new discontinuous dot
indenter, which is identical to a V-ring indenter, is illustrated in Fig. 5c [22]. By optimizing the

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parameters of the discontinuous dot indenter, a better shearing surface than that of a typical V-
ring indenter can be obtained. In addition, a hydromechanical fine-blank- ing process in which
the V-ring indenter on the guide plate is replaced by a V-ring cavity formed in a workpiece and
pressurized by hydraulic pressure [18] is shown in Fig. 5d [19]. The counterforce from the
blanking ejector is replaced by the hydraulic pressure acting on the ejector chamber [23].
Several shapes of flow cavity were tested [19], and a complete burnished surface was obtained
by a U-shaped flow cavity, which demonstrated a considerable advance beyond conventional
fine-blanking. A novel fine-blanking approach called “Wang’s fine-blanking” is thus proposed,
in which only a trough is laid on the die, and it surrounds the cavity of the die [20].
2.4 DIE ROLL: PREDICTION AND REDUCING

Die roll is the main defect in fine-blanking products; it reduces the working area, strength,
performance, and lifetime of the products. To compensate for die roll, thicker sheet metal strips
and secondary machining must be used [24]. Therefore, to avoid this problem, predicting and
reduc ing the extent of die roll for the fine-blanking products is important.

Results of studies show that several fine-blanking process parameters have an influence on die
roll, as shown in Fig. 6. The width and depth of the die roll of the shear plane increase with
increasing die clearance; however, the varia- tion of the burnish zone shows the opposite effect
[25]. The V-ring indenter plays a very important role in the fine-blank- ing process and affects

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the size of the die roll. The height of die roll increases with increasing distance between the V-
ring position and gear contour [26]. Moreover, the die roll size decreases with increasing V-
ring height [27]. In addition, increasing both the counterpunch force and blank- holder force
can decrease the die roll size. Furthermore, the workpiece thickness, geometry, material [24],
bridge width [28], strip layout, tool wear as well as sheet metal anisotropy [29] all affect the
sheared edge quality and die roll. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the effects of
some factors, especially factor interactions involved with die roll. Therefore, some new methods
are urgently required that can predict the process results of die roll from the geometric features
and processing parameters without any additional investigation. Recently, an artificial neural
network (ANN) was applied in fine-blanking for the optimization of fine- blanking process
[30]. ANNs can be used to develop models that express the interrelationships between the
inputs and outputs of very complex systems [31]. Through ANNs, one or more output
parameters can be predicted after learning from a training dataset [32]. An ANN can be
trained with the data from a FE model, including several influencing variables in the fine-
blanking process such as the blank holder force and counterpunch force, the workpiece
thickness and workpiece diameter, the V-ring indenter height, and the V-ring position. The
ANN can be used to predict the die roll height based on the given input values [24].
Reducing the size of the die roll of fine-blanking products is another important problem in
fine-blanking. There are two ways to realize this goal. One is to optimize the param eters of the
fine-blanking process. The other is to develop a method to decrease the die roll of the fine-
blanking products. Therefore, both the negative clearance of fine-blanking processes [33] and
step-shaped-punch fine-blanking processes
[34] have been proposed to reduce the die roll size. Besides, it is reported that counter-shaving
can help get a large clean- shear height and a rectangular transition between the top of the sheet
metal and the cut edge [35]. In addition, a novel method that can considerably decrease the die
roll during the fine-blanking process was proposed by decreasing the volume of waste
influence area in the die roll effect zone as well as in the final process by inserting blocks
[36], as shown in Fig. 6b.

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2.5 TOOL AND PRESS: MORE COMPLICATED AND MORE INTELLIGENT

The fine-blanking tool is an indispensable part of the fine- blanking process. With the
development of fine-blanking and increasing complexity of products, fine-blanking tools have
also become more complex. First, blanking dies were used to produce parts with only outer
forms in a single stroke. Then, compound dies were used, which produce parts with inner and
outer forms in a single stroke. The burr sides of both the inner and outer forms remain on the
same side. By combination with the other forming processes, several complicated components
can be produced using the fine-blanking process, leading to the invention of progressive dies.
Compared with conventional dies, progressive dies divide the product’s geometry into several
stages, and they can be used for products that cannot be blanked in a compound die.
However, with the complexity of the tool and its special tool design, such as small die
clearance, high pressure, the temperature in the con- tact zone between the tool and
workpiece will increase with the plastic deformation as well as friction. Up to 95% of
plastic deformation work will dissipate into heat [37]. Therefore, the tool of fine-blanking can
be easily destroyed. To solve this problem, many investigations have been carried out up to
now. According to those researches, cutting edge preparation by means of polishing or cham-
fering on cutting edge can increase tool life effectively [38, 39]. Besides, it is found that deep
rolling of fine-blanking punch edge has a potential to improve the tool life by reducing surface
roughness, increasing hardness as well as inducting compressive residual stresses into the
workpiece [40]. In addition, physical vapor deposition (PVD) can be adopted to increase the
lifetime of the fine-blanking tool by improving abrasion wear resistance [41]. It is reported
in the previous studies that coatings are expected to have low modulus of elasticity [42]. And
multilayered struc ture of coatings is adorable since it provides resistance against crack
development inside the coating and can also decrease the modulus of elasticity [43].
The existence of die roll can considerably reduce the functional area of a fine-blanking
part [44]. To avoid the reduction of the functional area due to the die roll, a thicker
material thickness has to be selected which increases material cost. To solve these problems, a
device and a method was invented for shaping sheared edges on fine-blanking parts having
a burr including at least one cutting stage and one forming stage [45]. Using this device, a

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high-precision outer contour or inner contour on fine-blanking parts can be obtained while also
eliminate reworking and save material and costs.
Nowadays, some new styles of tools are emerging, such as modular transfer dies. In a
modular transfer die, the part is not transported by the skeleton but by a gripper- feeder
transfer system. Because of the modular design, the forming and fine-blanking operations can
be completely separated from each other and can be performed in single modules. In addition,
a new type of progressive die called out-of-strip tool, which causes forming operations such as
bending and coining outside the strip skeleton, was developed. This technique produces no
deformation of the strip skeleton. Moreover, Fein tool developed a rotation transfer tool. In the
two-out tool, only the first of the five process- ing steps is used. All additional workspaces (in
which the parts are further formed and embossed) are arranged in a circle around the center of
the tool. On both sides, a rotational transfer moves the part to the next station after each press
stroke. Consequently, the press bed can move not only in the direction of the conveyor but
can also be used in parallel. Tilting torque can be avoided, and the resulting parts feature
especially precise geometry.
The degree of development and ownership of the fine-
blanking press represents the ability of the fine-blanking process. Since the first fine-blanking
press was developed by Heinrich Schmid in 1952, several studies have been performed to
develop more efficient fine-blanking presses. In the past decades, several companies have
produced fine-blanking presses, such as Fein tool, Heinrich Schmid, and ESSA. The largest
fine-blanking press developed by Fein tool exerts 25,000 kN, and provides the possibility of
forming thick plates and large parts.

2.6 APPLICATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

.

With the expanding applications of fine-blanking, many complicated components are produced
by fine-blanking pro cesses. To build parts with complicated features some other metal forming
process, such as countersinking, extrusion, deep drawing, bending and coining, should be
combined with fine-blanking. Thus, progressive dies should be selected instead of compound

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dies [46]. The design of progressive dies is a very important but challenging task, especially for
strip layout, which is the kernel of progressive die design. The strip layout not only determines
the material utilization, which is related closely to the cost, but also affects the quality of part.
For example, it is reported that small bridge width and the orientation in transverse blank
direction have a negative impact on the die roll height [29]. Furthermore, the strip layout can
also affect the construction and lifetime of the dies. An unreasonable strip layout can cause the
pressure center of die out-of-place; that can easily damage the die because of its small die
clearance. In the past, strip layouts have been developed based on the experience of designers
and geometric calculation; obtaining the optimal solution has been difficult. Therefore, a new
design method should be proposed and developed to overcome these problems.
The application of the digital technology can ameliorate these problems considerably. Digital
technology, especially knowledge-based systems that integrate applicable knowledge to
realize strip layout design automation, can be integrated with fine-blanking die design. Such
integration is an emerging trend, which can not only shorten the design period and enhance
productivity but also store design experience to improve the quality of a die and make it more
reasonable. To date, several studies have been performed to integrate design knowledge
and develop strip layout design systems. For example, a proof-of-concept system for design
of progressive stamping dies through which the strip layout can be obtained automatically
was developed [47]. Moreover, an integrated CAD/CAM system (HPRODIE) for progressive
dies was developed [48]. With feature model- ling and feature mapping, most of design
processes can be carried out automatically. In addition, a knowledge-based blackboard
framework for stamping process planning which can speed up the progressive die design
process by automat- ing the strip layout design was proposed [49]. Figure 7 [44] presents a
strip layout generated by using a specific software package “Fein tool Strip Optimizer Plus”.
This software can estimate the process data using material databases and data gathered from
practical fine-blanking applications, which are consolidated in terms of difficulty rating
classifications. The process forces computed automatically in this way can be analyzed
without reference to time or location, and provide a means for determining the tool center, for
determining the necessary useful circle, and for specifying the press size.

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Fig. 7 Strip layout generated by the software “Strip Optimizer”

3.0 AUTOMATION IN STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE CHALLENGE

IN FINE BLANKING TECHNOLOGY

Automation has become an increasingly important part of state-of-the-art fine blanking

technology. With the rise of Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things (IoT), manufacturers are
looking to automate their processes to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve quality.

One of the major challenges facing the fine blanking industry is developing automation solutions
that can handle the complex geometries and tight tolerances required by fine blanking. Fine
blanking involves using a high-pressure hydraulic press to cut intricate shapes out of metal
sheets, which requires a high level of precision and repeatability.

To address this challenge, manufacturers are investing in advanced automation technologies,

such as robotics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI). These technologies can help
automate the fine blanking process, reducing the need for human intervention and improving
quality.

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Another challenge facing the fine blanking industry is the need to adapt to changing market
demands. As consumer preferences and regulations evolve, manufacturers must be able to
quickly adapt their production processes to meet these changes. Automation can help with this
by enabling manufacturers to quickly reconfigure their production lines and adjust their
processes to meet changing demands.

Overall, automation is playing an increasingly important role in the fine blanking industry,
helping manufacturers improve efficiency, reduce costs, and improve quality. However,
developing automation solutions that can handle the complex geometries and tight tolerances of
fine blanking remains a significant challenge that the industry must overcome to stay competitive
in the future.

4.0 USING CAD IN STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE CHALLENGE IN

FINE BLANKING TECHNOLOGY

Fine blanking technology is an incredibly precise method of manufacturing complex metal parts,
and the use of computer-aided design (CAD) has been a game-changer in this field. CAD
technology allows engineers to create detailed 3D models of parts, which can then be used to
fine-tune the manufacturing process and ensure that every part is produced to exact
specifications.

One of the key benefits of using CAD in fine blanking technology is that it allows for greater
precision and accuracy in the manufacturing process. By creating a virtual model of the part,
engineers can identify any potential issues or areas for improvement before the part is actually
produced. This not only reduces the risk of errors or defects in the final product, but it also helps
to streamline the manufacturing process and reduce waste.

However, there are also some challenges associated with using CAD in fine blanking
technology, particularly as the industry looks towards the future. One of the biggest challenges is
keeping up with the ever-evolving technology landscape. As new software and hardware tools

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are developed, engineers need to stay up-to-date on these advancements in order to remain
competitive and continue producing high-quality parts.

Another challenge is the increasing demand for customization and personalization in

manufacturing. As consumers continue to seek out unique and customizable products, fine
blanking technology will need to adapt in order to meet these demands. This may require new
software and hardware tools, as well as a greater emphasis on collaboration and communication
between engineers, designers, and manufacturers.

Overall, the use of CAD in fine blanking technology has revolutionized the manufacturing
process and allowed for greater precision and accuracy in the production of complex metal parts.
While there are certainly challenges associated with using CAD, the benefits far outweigh the
potential drawbacks, and the industry is well-positioned to continue evolving and adapting to
meet the needs of today's consumers.

5.0 QUALITY CONTROL IN STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE

CHALLENGE IN FINE BLANKING TECHNOLOGY

Fine blanking technology is a highly precise and efficient method used for manufacturing
complex metal components. Quality control is critical for ensuring that these components meet
the required specifications and standards. In state-of-the-art fine blanking technology, quality
control is achieved through a combination of process monitoring, inspection, and testing.

Process monitoring involves tracking various parameters such as force, speed, and temperature
during the fine blanking process. This data is analyzed to identify any deviations or anomalies
that may affect the quality of the final product. Inspection is done using techniques such as
optical measurement and surface analysis to detect any defects or imperfections in the finished
components. Testing involves subjecting the components to various stress and load conditions to
ensure their durability and strength.

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However, with the increasing demand for even higher precision and complexity in fine blanking
technology, ensuring quality control remains a future challenge. This requires the development
of advanced monitoring and inspection systems that can detect even minor deviations in the
process. Additionally, new materials and designs require novel testing methods that can
accurately predict the component's performance under different conditions.

To overcome these challenges, research is ongoing in areas such as artificial intelligence,

machine learning, and advanced sensing technologies. These innovations can enable real-time
monitoring and analysis of the fine blanking process, improving quality control and reducing the
likelihood of defects. As the industry continues to evolve, it is essential to stay ahead of the
curve by investing in cutting-edge research and development to maintain the highest standards of
quality control in fine blanking technology.

6.0 MATERIALS FOR DIE PUNCH & BLANKING DIE:

The material of the blanking die is Oil Hardened Non Shrink (OHNS) & hardness is 50-52 HRC.

The material of die punch is High Carbon High Chromium (HCHCr) & hardness is 50-52 HRC.

1. Study of Component i.e., dimensional tolerance, material thickness, shear strength & number of
components.

2. List out basic element required (parts) to function the Progressive Tool.

3. Determine the punch and die opening dimensions considering whether the operation is blanking &
piercing.

4. Design the die block and select proper die set.

5. Provide arrangement for fixing the punch in the punch plate.

6. Prepare the part details drawing & dimensions.

7. State the type of press & shut height of the press.

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8. Prepare the detail drawing of die punch, punches and other all elements of the Progressive Tool.
Show various sectional views and dimensions which include dimensional tolerances. Surface finish,
details of hole reference, hole size, Quantity and remarks etc. to make easy machining and
assembling.

9. Prepare the bill of material individually on part drawing & universally on assembly drawing.

7.0 OUTLOOK OF FINE-BLANKING PROCESS

After more than nine decades of investigation and development, research on the fine-blanking
process has become mature. Some sophisticated components, including helical gears, can be
manufactured achieving a completely smooth sheared edge with small die-roll and cutting burr
[50, 51]. However, because of new opportunities and challenges, especially the development
of electric vehicles, more innovative research is required to meet today’s challenges.

1. Lightweight technology

Lightweight technology, especially in automobiles, is one of the most efficient measures for
reducing energy consumption and emissions to ensure environmental protection [52]. To
achieve this, two approaches for fine-blanking have been developed. One is to combine fine-
blanking and other form- ing processes to produces components with heavily loaded
functional elements, and the other one is to use new light- weight materials. New materials
such as high-strength steel, aluminum alloys, and magnesium alloys have great potential for
future applications in the automobile industry.

2. Servo technology
The application of servo control technology in fine-blank- ing presses is a new development.
A servo fine-blanking press that uses an AC servo motor as its power source trans- forms the
rotational motion of the motor into a rectilinear motion for a slider [53]. This technology can

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maintain the virtues of the mechanical drive and can correct the short- comings of its
nonadjustable working characteristics. Application of mechanical drive equipment results in
characteristics such as flexibility and intelligence.

3. Fine-blanking 4.0

With the development of industry 4.0, intelligence and digitization are major factors of the
manufacturing industry and of the fine-blanking process. Industry 4.0, big data, machine
learning, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and other technologies are required to
implement fine-blank- ing 4.0. Through sensors attached on a die, the data of the fine-blanking
process can be collected to form a vast data- base, and this database can be used for training
and trans- Ferring its knowledge to real time data streams. Meanwhile, based on the knowledge
gained, the system can provide pre- dictions regarding the problems occurring during the fine-
blanking process and provide solutions automatically. This technology will digitalize fine-
blanking and tap its potential.

4. Impact of electric vehicle

To save energy and protect the environment, electric vehi cles will be used in the future,
which implies that several traditional fine-blanking products will no longer be required because
of the application of electric control; for example, transmissions that include several value-
added features are currently made through fine-blanking, but will not be needed in the future.
However, although the development of electric vehicles is challenging, it is also an opportunity
for fine- blanking. Some new products, such as some components of battery, can be produced
by fine-blanking. Meanwhile, some traditional fine-blanking products that have been replaced
by electric systems can be considered to apply in other way.

8.0 CONCLUSION

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 FINE BLANKING

An overview of fine-blanking is given in this paper, including state-of-the-art and its outlook.
Moreover, several inves tigations are reported to demonstrate the research status of those fields.
For state-of-the-art, it’s pointed out that the materials for fine-blanking products have
evolved from soft steel to high- strength steel. Meanwhile, the application of aluminum alloy
and magnesium alloy on fine-blanking is increasing gradually under the tendency of
lightweight. In addition, increasing complex products are produced by fine-blanking due to its
high quality and economic characteristics. Besides, there is an evolution on blank holder that
some no V-ring indenter fine-blanking methods are developed due to the imperfection of V-ring
indenter.
As a critical indicator of the quality of fine-blanking products, some key points of die roll are
presented in the present paper. It’ pointed out that predicting and reducing the size of die roll
on fine-blanking products is important. Meanwhile, as an indispensable part of the fine-
blanking process, the development of tool and press is given, along with the digital technology
for tool design.
Finally, the outlook of the fine-blanking process is given to present the future development
direction. In particular, the paper reports that the development of electric vehicles is both a
challenge and an opportunity for the fine-blanking process.

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