PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
TOPIC: THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
2ND SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022-2023
PROF. JANET
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
- Is a simple to complex process depending
on the situation. The elements should also
be present in order to successfully make a
successful communication process.
ELEMENTS OF THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
§ In order to better understand the
communication process and how it provides
a foundation for group communication, let’s
break it down into eight essential
components. Each component serves an
integral function in the overall process.
1. SOURCE
• Sender. Imagines, creates, and sends
the message.
• In a public speaking situation, the
source is the person giving the speech.
He or she conveys the message by
sharing new information with the
audience.
2. MESSAGE
• The idea, feeling, suggestion,
guidelines, orders or any content which
is intended to be communicated.
3. ENCODING
• The process of converting the idea,
thinking or any other component of
message into symbols, words, actions,
diagram, etc.
4. CHANNEL
• The medium, passage or route through
which encoded message is passed by
the sender to the receiver. There can
be various forms of media, face-to-
face communication, letters, radio,
television, e-m
5. DECODING
• The process of translating the encoded
message into language understandable
by the receiver.
6. RECEIVER
• Receives the message from the source,
analyzing and interpreting the
message in ways both intended and
unintended by the source.
7. FEEDBACK
• Is composed of messages the receiver
sends back to the source whether
verbal or non-verbal.
8. INTERFERENCE OR NOISE
• Is anything that blocks or changes the
source’s intended meaning of the
message.
• It is the hindrance in the process of
communication.
• It can take at any step in the entire
process. As a result, it may reduce
accuracy of communication.
9. CONTEXT
• Involves the setting, scene, and
expectations of the individuals
involved.
STEPS OF THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
1. The sender formulates the message that he
wants to convey to the receiver.
2. He encodes or translates his message. He
may use symbols, words, actions, diagrams,
pictures. Etc.
3. He selects an appropriate channel or
medium through which the message is to be
transmitted. It can be face to face
communication, letters, radio, television, e-
mail.
4. The message is received by the receiver.
5. Received message is decoded by the
receiver so that the receiver can draw the
meaning of the message.
6. The receiver sends his response to the
sender. In case of any confusion, the same
is conveyed and necessary clarification
sought.
COMMUNICATION MODELS
§ A model is widely used to depict any idea,
thought or a concept in a simpler way
through diagrams, pictorial representations
etc.
§ Models go a long way in making the
understanding of any concept easy and
clear.
§ Through a model one can easily
understand a process and draw conclusions
from it. In simpler words a model makes the
learning simple.
ARISTOTLE MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
• Is mainly focused on speaker and
speech. It can be broadly divided into
5 primary elements: Speaker, Speech,
Occasion, Audience, and Effect.
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
TOPIC: THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
2ND SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022-2023
PROF. JANET
SHANNON AND WEAVER MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
§ In 1948, Shannon was an American
mathematician, Electronic engineer and
Weaver was an American scientist both of
them join together to write an article in
“Bell System Technical Journal” called “A
Mathematical Theory of Communication”
and also called as “Shannon-Weaver
• The speaker plays a key role in model of communication”.
communication • Is the most popular model of
• He is the one who takes complete communication and is widely accepted
charge of the communication. all over the world.
• The sender first prepares a content • The model deals with various concepts
which he does by carefully putting his like information source, transmitter,
thoughts in words with an objective of noise, channel, message, receiver,
influencing the listeners or the channel, information destination, encode
recipients, who would then respond in and decode.
the sender’s desired way.
• The model says that the speaker
communicates in such a way that the
listeners get influenced and respond
accordingly.

BERLO’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

• The speaker is the one who drives the
entire communication.
• Takes into account the emotional aspect • Is specially designed to develop the
of the message. effective communication between
• Operates on the SMCR Model sender and receiver.
• NOISE – a factor that affects the
communication process.
§ The model was developed to improve the
Technical Communication. Later, its widely
applied in the field of communication.

SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

§ Wilber Schramm proposed the model of
• Believes that for effective
communication to take place, the source
and the receiver need to be on the
same level. Only then, communication
will happen or take place properly.
Hence, the source and the receiver
should be similar.
communication in 1954.
• It is a two way circular communication
between sender and receiver.
• It is derived from Osgood Model who
gave a circular form of communication.
• The Schramm model of communication
seeks to explain how meaning is
transferred between individuals,
corporations, and others.
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
TOPIC: THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
2ND SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022-2023
PROF. JANET

• Views communication as a process that

takes place between a sender
(transmitter) and a receiver.
• There will be also a message, and a
medium through which the message can
be transmitted.
• CODING AND DECODING are the two
essential process of an effective
communication.