N AT U R E A N D E M E RG E N C E O F S C I E N C E ,

TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

A N I N T R O D U C T I O N
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After the completion of this course, students should be
able to:
1. Determine the interactions between science and
technology; and
2. Describe the emergence of science, technology and
society as new field
W H AT C O M E S I N
YO U R M I N D W H E N
YO U H E A R
“SCIENCE”?
W H AT I S S C I E N C E ?
➢It originated from the Latin word – scientia.
➢Describes the systematic and methodical
activity of building and organizing knowledge
about how the universe behaves through
observation, experimentation or both.
➢Involves solving problem through scientific
method.
N AT U R E O F S C I E N C E
➢It originated from the Latin word – scientia.

➢Describes the systematic and methodical

activity of building and organizing knowledge
about how the universe behaves through
observation, experimentation or both.
N AT U R E O F S C I E N C E
The following sums up the nature of science:
➢The world is understandable
➢Science explains and predicts
➢Science demands evidence
➢Scientific ideas are open to change
➢Science is a complex Social Activity
➢Science cannot provide complete answers to all
questions
 Observation

Conclusion Question
SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
Analysis Hypothesis

Experiment
“Modern science is a
discovery as well as
an invention.”

- John Heilbron
W H AT I S T E C H N O L O G Y ?
➢It comes from the Latin word “techne”, meaning
“art, skill or cunning of hand.”
➢Involves the development and use of materials,
tools, and approaches for solving human
problems.
➢Involves creating and inventing things
 What defines a technological tool – one historical
definition – is something that takes a human’s sense
or ability and augments it and makes it more
powerful. So, for example, I wear contact lenses or
glasses; that is a technology that enhances my
human ability of vision and makes it better .”

- Mark Zuckerberg
R E L AT I O N S H I P B E T W E E N
SCIENCEAND TECHNOLOGY
RO L E S O F S C I E N C E A N D
TECHNOLOGY
 Quick Question:
What is the role of
Science and Technology
in your life?
E M E RG E N C E O F S T S A S A
N E W F I E L D O F S T U DY
➢Science frequently utilizes and requires tools and processes
developed by technology, and conversely, technology often
employs principles, laws, theories, and processes developed
by means of science.
➢The society as we know it today has been affected in many
ways by science and technology
E M E RG E N C E O F S T S A S A
N E W F I E L D O F S T U DY
For example, society demands for an easy access, extensive and
frequent communication.
❑Leads to the research development of an ever widening array
of mobile phone capabilities.
❑Influenced the way humans live.
❑More engagement on mobile phones leads to request of
additional features were continuously requested to some
features.
H I S T O R I C A L RO O T S O F S T S
A S A N AC A D E M I C F I E L D
➢Problems in science and technology continue to rise and
become more observable
➢Different aspect of society shape and influence the
progression and further development of science and
technology
H I S T O R I C A L RO O T S O F S T S
A S A N AC A D E M I C F I E L D
➢Its roots lie in the interwar period (1918-1939) and continue into
the start of cold war (Harvard University’s Kennedy School,
2018).
Example:
➢ Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing
➢Moon Landing
➢Thomas Kuhn’s classic 1962 study- The Structure of Scientific
Revolutions
R E L AT I O N S H I P O F S C I E N C E ,
TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
I M P O R TA N C E O F T H E S T U DY
OF STS
1 2 3 4

• Bridge the • Educate • Help people • Helps to

gap people on to do develop
between how to apply science. adaptability
humanities science and
and natural technology
sciences to solve
problems in
society.
E T H I C A L D I L E M M A S T H AT
R E I N F O RC E S T U DY O F S T S
Definition of Terms
▪ Dilemma is a situation where a person is forced to choose
between two or more conflicting options neither which is
acceptable.
▪ Ethical/moral dilemmas are situations where a person is forced
to choose between two or more conflicting options neither
which resolves the situation in a morally acceptable manner.
E T H I C A L D I L E M M A S T H AT
R E I N F O RC E S T U DY O F S T S
Conditions that must be present in Moral dilemmas
1. The person or agent of moral action sis obliged to make
a decision about which action is best.
2. There must be different courses of action to choose from.
3. No matter what course of action is taken, some moral
principles are always compromised.
E T H I C A L D I L E M M A S T H AT
R E I N F O RC E S T U DY O F S T S
➢Human beings are by no means perfect- in which are
articulated in our technology.
➢John J. Reilly Center of Science, Technology and Values at the
University of Notre Dame- compiles an annual list of the top
10 ethical dilemmas in science and technology
E T H I C A L D I L E M M A S T H AT
R E I N F O RC E S T U DY O F S T S
➢The Pseudoscience of Skincare ➢Grinch Bots
➢AI and Gamification in Hiring ➢Project Nightingale
➢Predatory Journals
➢Student Tracking Software
➢The HARPA SAFEHOME Proposal
➢The Corruption of Tech
➢Class Dojo and Classroom
Surveillance
Ethics
➢Deep fakes