CHAPTER II

EQUIPMENT
2.1 Gas Line for the Equipment
2.1.1 Floor Plan
The designers created a pizzeria floor plan with a floor area of 580 sqm. It consists of an open
dining area/patio, indoor dining area, lounge, counter/cashier area, dishwashing area, kitchen, walk-in
refrigerator, office, restrooms, dumpster area, and tank farm area. Figure 2.1 shows the detailed floor plan
with furniture and fixtures, the designated placement of every area, and measurements of every area
mentioned above.

Figure 2.1 Pizzeria Floor Plan

2.1.2 List of Equipment/Appliances
The listed equipment or appliances are essential in the pizzeria business that the designers are
proposing. For this section, since the paper is about LP-Gas Piping Layout, the designers focused on the
list of equipment/appliances that are supplied with LP-Gas, which are all found in the Kitchen Area of the
floor plan (Refer to Figure 2.1). Table 2.1 shows the equipment/appliances, as long as their quantity and
respective dimensions.
Table 2.1 List of Equipment/Appliances
DIMENSIONS
EQUIPMENT/APPLIANCES QUANTITY
(L × D × H)
6 Burner Range Top w/ Oven 2 1050mm × 700mm × 850mm
Double Sided Griddle (Clamshell) 2 914.4mm × 635mm × 381mm
Open Deep-Fat Fryer 2 680mm × 615mm × 630mm
Pizza Oven Conveyor 1 2023mm × 1524mm × 1130.2mm

2.2 Conceptual Framework for the LP Gas Line Design

Figure 2.2 Conceptual Framework of the Pizzeria LP-Gas Piping Layout

2.3 Parts of LP Gas Line
2.3.1 Pipe. The pipe is a tube of metal that is used in delivering the LP-Gas from the LPG tank to the
outlet (appliances). The material of the pipe used is steel, which complies to the following
standards: (1) ANSI/ASME B36.10, Welded and Seamless Wrought-Steel Pipe, (2) ASTM A 53,
Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded and Seamless,
(3) ASTM A 106, Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature
Service. Various pipe sizes have been used and are determined through the guidelines and standard
provided by the NFPA 54 and PMEC 2012.

2.3.2 Pipe Fittings. A fitting is used in pipe systems to connect straight sections of pipe or tube, adapt to
different sizes or shapes, and for other purposes such as regulating fluid flow.
2.3.2.1 Elbows. Steel pipe elbow is a key part in a pressure piping system used to change the fluid flow
direction. It is used to connect two pipes with same or different nominal diameters, and to make
the pipe and thus the fluid direction turn to a certain direction of 45 degree or 90 degree. The
elbow used in the design is a 90° elbow.
2.3.2.2 Tees. A Tee is a pipe fitting which is shaped like a "T" and has two outlets at 90° to the single
inlet connection. Tees are generally used to combine or split a fluid flow. Most fittings used in
the design are tee fittings.
2.3.2.3 Valves. A valve is a mechanical device used in fluid systems to control, direct, isolate, mix, or
regulate the flow or pressure of a fluid, by modifying the passageway through the pipe. When a
valve is in the open position, the passageway is unobstructed and the fluid flows in a direction
from higher pressure to lower pressure. By partially or fully obstructing the passageway through
the valve, the flow can be reduced or completely stopped. The valves used in the design are: (1)
Gate Valve; (2) Manual Reset Valve; (3) Pressure Relief Valve; (4) Emergency Shutoff Valve;
and (5) Ball Valve.
2.3.3 Gas Meter. Gas meters shall be selected for the maximum expected pressure and permissible
pressure drop. They shall (1) be located in ventilated spaces readily accessible for examination,
reading, replacement, or necessary maintenance, (2) not be placed where they will be subjected to
damage, such as adjacent to a driveway, under a fire escape, in public passages, halls, or coal
bins, or where they will be subject to excessive corrosion or vibration, (3) be located at least 3 ft
(0.9 m) from sources of ignition, and (4) Gas meters shall not be located where they will be
subjected to extreme temperatures or sudden extreme changes in temperature. Meters shall not be
located in areas where they are subjected to temperatures beyond those recommended by the
manufacturer [NFPA 54: 5.7]. Gas meters shall be supported or connected to rigid piping so as not
to exert a strain on the meters. They shall be protected against overpressure, back pressure, and
vacuum, where such conditions are anticipated.

2.3.4 Gas Pressure Regulators. They shall be installed where the gas supply pressure is higher than that
at which the branch supply line or appliances are designed to operate or vary beyond design
pressure limits. It is a control device that maintains a defined pressure of a system by cutting off
the flow of a gas or liquid when it reaches a set pressure.
2.3.4.1 Line Gas Pressure Regulators. A line pressure regulator is a gas pressure regulator intended for
installation in a building gas distribution system between the building service regulator [ANSI
Z21.80].
2.3.4.2 Gas Appliance Pressure Regulators. Where the gas supply pressure is higher than that at which
the appliance is designed to operate or varies beyond the design pressure limits of the appliance,
a gas appliance pressure regulator shall be installed [NFPA 54:9.1.18].