19.

3 CHEMICAL REACTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID

A. Reduction Reaction

Carboxylic acids are reduced to primary alcohol

Reagent:

Condition

Equation:

B. Reaction of carboxylic acids as weak acids

1. Reaction with electropositive metals to liberates hydrogen gas

Reagent:

Condition

Equation:

2. React with base to produce salt and water

Reagent:

Condition:

Equation:

3. Reaction sodium carbonates/ sodium bicarbonates to liberate carbon dioxide and hydrogen

Reagent:

Condition:

Equation:
 C. Formation of Acid derivatives
1. Formation of Acyl Chlorides

Reagent:

Condition

Equation:

Reagent:

Condition:

Equation:

2. Esterification

Reagent:

Condition:

Equation:

OXIDATION AND DEHYDRATION OF METHANOIC AND ETHANEDIOC ACID (OXALIC ACID)

METHANOIC ACID ETHANEDIOC ACID

OXIDATION

Only Methanoic acid and ethanedioc acid are oxidized by acidified KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 to produce CO2 and water

Reagent:

Condition:
Equation:

Observation:

Other carboxylic acids :

DEHYDRATION

Only Methanoic acid and ethanedioc acid are dehydrated by concentrated H2SO4 to produce CO and CO2
respectively.

Reagent:

Condition:

Equation:

OTHER REACTIONS
ETHANEDIOC ACID
METHANOIC ACID

Not reducing agent

Aldehyde group – Reducing agent

1. Reaction with Fehling’s solution No reaction with Fehling’s solution

No reaction with Tollen’s reagent

Reagent:

Condition:

Equation:

Observation:

2. Reaction with Tollen’s Reagent

Reagent:

Condition:

Equation:

Observation: