Name: RICHEVIN G.

DENSO Date: January 19, 2022

College/Program: CHSE-BSN2 Subject/Code: NCM109 (9136)

COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY
Give the definition, risk factors, etiology, signs and symptoms of the following:

1. Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Hyperemesis gravidarum is extreme, persistent nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. It can lead
to dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances. Morning sickness is mild nausea and vomiting
that occurs in early pregnancy.

2. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

o Gestational
This condition happens when you only have high blood pressure* during pregnancy and
do not have protein in your urine or other heart or kidney problems. It is typically
diagnosed after 20 weeks of pregnancy or close to delivery. Gestational hypertension
usually goes away after you give birth.
o Pre-eclampsia

Preeclampsia is one high blood pressure (hypertension) disorder that can occur during
pregnancy. Other disorders can happen, too: Gestational hypertension is high blood
pressure that begins after 20 weeks without problems in the kidneys or other organs.
Some women with gestational hypertension may develop preeclampsia.

o Eclampsia
Eclampsia is seizures that occur in pregnant people with preeclampsia. Symptoms of
eclampsia are high blood pressure, headaches, blurry vision and convulsions. Eclampsia
is a rare but serious condition that occurs in the second half of pregnancy.

3. Bleeding Disorders in Pregnancy

o Abortion
Abortion, the expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it has reached the stage of
viability (in human beings, usually about the 20th week of gestation). An abortion may
occur spontaneously, in which case it is also called a miscarriage, or it may be brought on
purposefully, in which case it is often called an induced abortion.
o Ectopic Pregnancy
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the main
cavity of the uterus. An ectopic pregnancy most often occurs in a fallopian tube, which
carries eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. This type of ectopic pregnancy is called a
tubal pregnancy.
o Hydatidiform Mole
Hydatidiform mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the womb (uterus) at
the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
o Cervical Insufficiency
Cervical insufficiency is the inability of the cervix to retain fetus, in the absence of
uterine contractions or labor (painless cervical dilatation), owing to a functional or
structural defect. It is cervical ripening that occurs far from the term. Cervical
insufficiency is rarely a distinct and well-defined clinical entity but only part of a large
and more complex spontaneous preterm birth syndrome. This activity reviews the cause
and presentation of cervical incompetence and highlights the role of the interprofessional
team in its management.
o Placenta Previa
In placenta previa, the placenta attaches low in the uterus. The placenta might partially or
completely cover the opening of the uterus, called the cervix. Placenta previa can cause
severe bleeding in the mother before, during or after delivery.
o Abruptio Placenta
Placental abruption occurs when the placenta partly or completely separates from the
inner wall of the uterus before delivery. This can decrease or block the baby's supply of
oxygen and nutrients and cause heavy bleeding in the mother.
o Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a rare and serious condition that disrupts
your blood flow. It is a blood clotting disorder that can turn into uncontrollable bleeding.
DIC can affect people who have cancer or sepsis. It can also affect people recovering
from complications from pregnancy and delivery or who have been injured.