RESEARCH

Title
 The Research Title
Generally, the title should have:
1. Summarize the main idea of the paper;
2. Be a concise statement of the main topic;
3. Include the main variable/s;
4. Show the relationship of the main variables of the study;
5. Include the main task of the researcher about the major variables
under study; and;
 The Research Title
6. Mention the participants (in a general manner) and the setting. Thus,
instead of writing
"Grade 5 pupils of Dr. Cristobal Elementary School, write
elementary pupils" or "selected
elementary schools" because the specific characteristic will be
indicated in another part
or element of the research paper).
The researcher must be reminded of the following:

1. In formulating the title, the researcher should avoid using words

that serve no useful purposes and can mislead indexers. The
words methods, results, investigations, and study appear
redundant when used in the thesis title.
2. In many cases, the general problem or even the specific
question that the researcher intends to answer, when rewritten in a
statement form, can serve as the title.
3. The title must have 10 ta 15 words.
Examples of Thesis Title:
1. Frequency of Tardiness and Level of Support of
Parents Among High School Students in Selected
Public Schools
2. Testing the Efficient Market Hypothesis on the
Philippine Peso-Dollar Rates (Villanueva, 2006)
3.YourEffects
Logo of Peer Pressure on the Habit-forming
Behavior of Honor Students
4. Evaluation of the Services of Bangko Sentral ng
Pilipinas: Basis for Service Enhancement
(Garcia, 2008)
 SOURCES OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS
Commonly found in areas where there is/are:
1. A feeling of discomfort like during recitation or in making
projects;
2. Perceived difficulties in the management and leadership of
the class president or the adviser;
3. A gap between theory and practice;
4. A daily experience of a person that requires further inquiry
especially if improvements are desired;
5. A procedure that requires technologically advanced
equipment which needs to function properly.
 SOURCES OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS
6. a pattern or trend. Examples: Classmates failing in a
lesson in algebra; increasing tardiness in English class; or
misbehavior during PEHM classes.
7. a literature review. An article read in the library or from the
Internet can be a source of an interesting issue, new
terminology, or possible conflicts. Even findings of research
studies can give rise to another problem. Replication study is
allowed when parts of a previous study are to be enhanced
or elements will be added like other variables, new locale,
different study participants, or even recently-devised tools.
INSTANCES THAT CAN GIVE AN IDEA THAT
SOMETHING IS RESEARCHABLE
1. Solutions are available but not yet tested and not
known by the practitioner.
2. No solutions are available to answer the gap or
the problem assessed. Answers, solutions, or
results are seemingly not tested or are factually
contradictory.
4. A phenomenon exists which requires explanation.
5. There are several possible and plausible
explanations for the existence of an undesirable
condition.
CONSIDERATIONS IN FORMULATING RESEARCH
PROBLEMS
Barrientos-Tan (1997) identifies different criteria
for choosing a research problem:

A. External Criteria
1. Novelty - the topic must not have been used by
many researchers; the newness of the topic and
íts variables will inspire a researcher or other
fellow researchers.
CONSIDERATIONS IN FORMULATING RESEARCH
PROBLEMS
2. Availability of subjects - (i.e., your classmates,
teachers. neighbors). These people could easily be
approached and their cooperation could easily be gained.
3. Administrative support refers to the aid or assistance
that can be solicited from the school or extended by the
community.
4. Availability and adequacy of facilities and equipment -
devices such as computers, telephones, WiFi, etc. used in
undertaking the research must be considered.
5. Ethical Considerations - ensure that all activities to be
undertaken are acceptable and are done in accordance with
what is legal and morally right.
B. Internal Criteria
1. Experience, training and professional qualifications -
constitute the researcher's knowledge, expertise, and experience in
order for him/her to cope with the research demands.
2. Motivation, interest, intellectual curiosity, and perceptiveness
of the researcher - these are essential attitudes that bring
anticipated satisfaction or enjoyment in the completion of research
tasks.
3. Time factor - considers the fact that studies must be pursued in a
given time frame.
4. Costs and returns - these factors matter in choosing a research
problem. Research is an expensive undertaking. The amount of
funding necessary, depends on the sit o the sample, the place where
the research is to be conducted, the research design, and the
treatment of data.
5. Hazards, penalties, and handicaps - are determined by the
researcher’s physical and intellectual capacity and moral judgment.
 CHAPTER 1:
THE BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
 CHAPTER 1:
Parts:
● Introduction
● Statement of the Problem
● Objectives of the Study
● Significance of the Study
● Scope and Delimitation
● Definition of terms
● Summary
1.1 THE INTRODUCTION
(a) discussing why there is a need to study the problem,
(b) clarifying the important terminologies for the reader to
easily understand what the research is about, and;
(c) establishing the degree of seriousness of the problem
which has prompted the researcher to look for solutions.
The following questions will aid the researcher
in formulating the introduction:

1. What is the rationale of the research

problem? A narration of the researcher's
experience that has driven him/her to
conduct the study is commonly done.
Example: include one's personal experience,
an article read, a scene witnessed, news
heard, a theory that needs to be clarified, etc.
The research proponent should describe the
existing and prevailing problem situation based
on his/her experience. The scope may be
local, national, or international.
2. What is the setting of the research
problem?
The setting forms part of the delimitation of the
problem, as it defines the geographic boundaries
of the study and implies certain demographic
characteristics.

Example: if the setting is a school, discuss its

vision-mission, special clientele, unique
mode of student transport, etc.
3. What is the basic literature foundation
of the study?
This is different from the review of related theories,
conceptual literature, and research literature. This
part defines of clarifies the terms or variables used in
the study.
This backgrounder assists the researcher in
determining the boundaries of the study.
4. How serious is the chosen research problem?
Why is there a need to look for solutions to the
problem? In this aspect, the researcher must see the
intensity and magnitude of the problem.
5. what is the general objective of the research problem?
This is derived from the general statement of the problem and
should be the basis of the enumerated statements of specific
problems.

6. What is the overall purpose of the research problem? It

must be stressed that the researcher should be totally aware
of the purpose of the research problem.
Note: The introduction must only be short and concise. It must
be composed of about three to five ages.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Stating the problem helps the researcher clarify

various essential elements of research such as
the major variables, the general and specific
objectives, and the appropriate methodology.
The important elements in the statement
of the general problem are:
1. Main tasks - they satisfy the question, "what to do"
with the major variables such .associate, to relate, to
assess, to measure, to determine, etc.
2. Main or major variables
3. Participants: subjects or respondents
4. The specific setting
5. Coverage date of the conduct of study
6. For developmental research, the intended outputs
such as an intervention program, module, policies,
among others.
Example:
1. The main problem of this research is to look into
the influence of video games and the utilization of
social media on the language proficiency of the
freshman students of Leyte National High School
for the first semester of academic year 2014-2015.
The result of this investigation will be the basis of
the formulation of the guidelines in the
development, organization, and implementation of
effective study habits.
The specific problems must meet
the following criteria:
1. they must be in question form;
2. they must define the population and the sample
(that is, the respondents or subjects) of the study;
3. they must identify the variables (major and
minor) being studied; and
4. they must be empirically tested.
There are two general types of
questions formulated in research.
These are the non-researchable
and researchable questions.
Non-researchable questions are questions of
value. These are questions that are answerable
by "yes" or "no.".
Examples:
1. Will the students from a broken family prove
their worth in the community?
2. Should all mothers breastfeed their babies?
3. Should senior high school students taking
Accountancy be good in Mathematics?
2. Researchable questions are questions of value,
opinions, or policy raised to gather data. The basic
form of a research question involves the use of
question words such as who, what, where, when,
why, and how.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
- Aim of your study or your goal in choosing your
topic.
- Derived from the general statement of the
problem of the enumerated statements of a
specific problems.
1.4 Significance of the Study
Identifying the beneficiaries and the benefits it will
give when the problem is solved. The beneficiaries
include individuals like:
● Students
● Pupils
● Teachers
● Principals, parents, and others;
● The Government
● Non-Governmental Organizations
● Private Organizations
1.5 Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The scope of the study is determined by the major variables
(general statement).
Ex. Level of the Behavior of Freshmen students.

The delimitation are sub-variables and their characteristics,

attributes, or indicators.

Ex. facial expressions during recitations, communication skills,

discipline, body gesture, attributes towards classmates, etc.
1.6 Definition of Terms
The important terms of the study that can be found in the
thesis title, statement of the problem, theoretical
paradigm, and in the scope and delimitation of the study.

- Combination of two methods conceptual definition

and operational definition.
1.7 Summary
Write a 1-2 paragraphs containing a brief summary
of the content of chapter.