SERVICIO NACIONAL DE ADIESTRAMIENTO EN TRABAJO INDUSTRIAL

PLAN DE TRABAJO
DEL ESTUDIANTE
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1. INFORMACIÓN GENERAL

Apellidos y Nombres: Caruajulca Núñez Jheruin ID: 1382559

Dirección Zonal/CFP: Cajamarca - amazonas - san Martín / Cajamarca – Baños del inca
Carrera: Mecánico de mantenimiento de maquinaria pesada Semestre: II
Curso/ Mód. Formativo Ingles técnico
Tema del Trabajo: COOLING AND LUBRICATION SYSTEM

2. PLANIFICACIÓN DEL TRABAJO

ACTIVIDADES/
N° CRONOGRAMA/ FECHA DE ENTREGA
ENTREGABLES
1ra
Entrega
Información general 05/10/2021
Planificación del trabajo 05/10/2021
Preguntas de guía resuelto 05/10/2021
Proceso de ejecución 05/10/2021
Dibujos/ diagramas 05/10/2021
Recursos necesarios 05/10/2021

3. ESTRUCTURA GRAMATICAL Y VOCABULARIO GUIA

En el Trabajo Final, debes emplear las estructuras gramaticales y vocabulario desarrollados en
clase.

Nº ESTRUCTURA GRAMATICAL Y VOCABULARIO

Obd-2:
OBD 2 is the second generation of the on-board diagnostic system, successor to OBD 1.
Alerts the driver when the emission level is 1.5 higher than designed. Unlike OBD 1, OBD 2
detects electrical, chemical and mechanical faults that can affect the vehicle's emission
level.
The simple present tense:
The simple present is a verb tense with two main uses. We use the simple present tense
when an action is happening right now, or when it happens regularly
Should y must:
Must translates to: have to, you can't stop, and occasionally as duty (to do something). For
example: You must eat. ... Should translates to: should (do something), should (do
something), it would be nice if. For example: You should eat.
Osha/Epa:
While the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates workplace
safety, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets rules to limit environmental
contamination.
Going to
Present continuous (verb tobe + ing):
You can use it to describe both events that are happening in the present – right now, while
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you are talking about something, or in the future – something that may or will happen later
on. You use the present continuous by using the present form of the verb “be” + the present
participle of a verb.

4. PREGUNTAS GUIA
Durante la investigación de estudio, debes obtener las respuestas a las siguientes interrogantes:

Nº PREGUNTAS
1 How the lubrication system works?
2 Types of lubricating oils
3 Types of oil filters
4 Types of lubrication system
5 Types of coolants

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HOJA DE RESPUESTAS A LAS PREGUNTAS GUÍA

1. How the lubrication system works?

Lubrication system

The Engine lubrication system is considered to give a flow to the clean oil at the
accurate temperature, with a appropriate pressure to each part of the engine. The oil
is sucked out into the pump from the sump, as a heart of the system, than forced
between the oil filter and pressure is fed
to the main bearings and also to the oil
pressure gauge. The oil passes through
the main bearings feed- holes into the
drilled passages which is in the crankshaft
and on to the bearings of the connecting
rod. The bearings of the piston-pin and
cylinder walls get lubricated oil which
dispersed by the rotating crankshaft. By
the lower ring in the piston the excess
being scraped. Each camshaft bearing is fed by the main supply passage from a
branch or tributary. And there is another branch which supplies the gears or timing
chain on the drive of camshaft. The oil which is excesses then drains back to the
sump, where the heat is being transferred to the surrounding air.
2. Types of lubricating oils
Types of motor oils
Motor oil can be classified into four basic categories: synthetic, semi-synthetic, high-
mileage, and conventional oil.

Synthetic motor oil

Synthetic motor oil is the result of a chemical engineering process. Synthetic oil
molecules are more uniform in shape and contain fewer impurities than conventional
oil molecules. In general, synthetic oil performs better in extremely high or low
temperatures. Synthetic oils are generally formulated with high performance additives.

Semi-synthetic motor oil

Semi-synthetic motor oil incorporates a blend of synthetic and conventional base oils
to offer greater resistance to oxidation (compared to conventional oil), in addition to
providing excellent low-temperature properties.

High mileage motor oil

High mileage motor oil is specially designed for older vehicles or newer vehicles with
more than 120,000 kilometers. Thanks to its unmatched formula and unique additives,
a high-mileage oil reduces oil burn and helps seal leaks that can occur in older
engines.

Conventional motor oil

The formulation of conventional motor oils has a wide range of viscosity grades and
quality levels. Conventional motor oil is recommended for drivers with cars with a
simple engine and a regular driving style (compared to severe driving conditions).
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3. Types of oil filters

Oil filters:
a. Mechanical oil filter

They are the simplest designs and, as in the air filter, they use an
internal element made of pleated cellulose (accordion-shaped folded
paper) or cotton (overlapping cotton gauze).
b. Magnetic oil filter
Magnetic oil filters make use of a permanent magnet or an
electromagnet to capture all those ferromagnetic particles that
circulate with the oil or lubricants.
Motor oil impurities under the microscope
c. High Efficiency Oil Filter (HE)
High-efficiency oil filters have been designed to perform more exhaustive filtration due
to a smaller pore in their filter mesh.

d. Sedimentation oil filter

The oil filter by sedimentation or gravity bed has been designed so that all the
contaminants present in the oil and which are, as a general rule, heavier than the oil
itself are deposited in a small container with the help of
gravity.
e. Oil filters with thermal chamber
They are very sophisticated, and also extremely rare to
find. These filters work with a pyrolytic principle by
means of which it is tried to eliminate - by means of a
significant increase in the internal temperature - all that
particle that is not oil.
F. Centrifugal oil filter

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As if it were the drum of a washing machine, this class of oil filters clean the lubricant
by rotating a drum, making use of centrifugal force to filter the elements.

Types of oil filters cataloged by their filter membrane:

a. Oil filter with cellulose membrane:

They are the most widespread of disposable filters due
to their economy, it is recommended to change the oil
filter with this internal membrane between 5,000 and
10,000 km. This is the cheapest type of oil filter out
there.
b. Oil filter with synthetic membrane:
They are more expensive, but also of higher quality and are capable of
removing up to 50% of the particles that circulate with the oil. Oil filters
with this internal material can last up to 15,000 km.
c. Micro-crystal membrane oil filter:
This material called microglass is used in high-end filters and they
have a glass mesh made of fibers that have pores 10 times finer than those of
cellulose.
4. Types of lubrication system
Types of lubrication systems
Lubrication systems are the different methods of distributing lubricant through engine
parts. Depending on the type of engine, type of fuel, type of manufacture, and many
other factors, an engine can use one or another lubrication system. Let's see the most
common below.

Splash lubrication system

In this system, a pump is in charge of taking the oil from
the crankcase to some tanks or crevices, maintaining a
pre-established level. Then some blades or
blades located on the elbows of the crankshaft,
while rotating, soak up lubricant and splash the
areas around them.

Drip lubrication system

The oil is extracted by pump and distributed
through pipes to the areas to be lubricated. Once
there, the oil is dropped in the form of drops or jet
on the elements to be lubricated. Below these,
there is a collection element connected to other

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pipes that lead the lubricant back to the initial reservoir, where the process begins
again.

Dry sump lubrication system

In this system, it is assumed that the vehicle
will be driven in extremely demanding
conditions, especially for racing. For this
reason, the oil is not stored in the crankcase,
but in an auxiliary tank that is usually high
and narrow, to ensure that the supply pump
sucks lubricant at all times, so that the engine
is always lubricated and cooled, despite from
heavy braking or sharp turns.

Pressure lubrication system

This is the most common system in utility
vehicles. The oil is driven by the pump to
almost all the elements, to which it reaches
through the pipes, with the exception of the
small end, which is lubricated using the rings,
which drag the oil along the cylinder walls and
prevent the oil passes to the top of the piston.
If your car's lubrication system is failing, don't
hesitate to find a nearby FlexFuel workshop.

Splash lubrication system

In this system, now in disuse, the oil is collected from the
crankcase by a kind of spoons located on the heads of the
connecting rods, taking advantage of their rotation to
lubricate the connecting rod-crankshaft bearings. The
constant twisting motion allows oil to splash into the
crankcase, allowing it to reach almost any corner.

Mist lubrication system

This system transports small particles of oil suspended
in the air - hence the term mist - from a lubricator, to the
diffusers located at the different greasing points, by
means of distribution nozzles that must not have
sharp bends or siphons, since the lubricant could
accumulate in these areas, and not reach the
area to be lubricated.

Ring lubrication system

In this system, the bottom of the bearing bracket
forms a reservoir that is filled with lubricant, and
in this reservoir a ring connected with the
camshaft is partially submerged, which rotates as
the camshaft does so. In this way, as it is soaked
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in oil and rotates, it takes it to the top of the tree, from where it slides all over the
bushing.

Gravity lubrication system

This system operates using the principle of gravity feed. A supply reservoir is used to
supply the lubricant via sloped tubes to the area to be lubricated. Gravity feed
lubrication methods use drip feed, chain and wick lubrication.
5. Types of coolants
Types of Automotive Refrigerants
types of refrigerants
Although there are different types of refrigerants and they are a component of great
importance for the proper functioning of vehicles. Its main function is to cool the
engine, preventing it from overheating and thus maintaining the proper temperature.

Anticorrosive Automotive Coolant

The anticorrosive coolant in addition to cooling, contains additives that prevent
corrosion, as its name indicates. They can be found in various degrees of
concentration, that is, the additive that contains a higher concentration will better fulfill
its function, in addition to maintaining the temperature.

Anticorrosive benefits
• Raises the boiling point, avoiding overheating.
• Avoid the freezing of water in winter, which produces cracks in block, radiators,
and pipes
• Avoid the formation of metallic oxides.

Antifreeze coolant
Antifreeze coolant is accurate for very cold climates. Avoid freezing the liquid if the
temperature is near or below 0 ° C so that the water does not freeze. This component
is nothing more than a property of the coolant and fulfills a very important function in
your vehicle, which is to ensure that the coolant circuit is unhindered throughout its
entire circuit. In turn, there is a variety of antifreeze coolants that we describe below.

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Organic antifreeze
By its very nature, an organic refrigerant should not be mixed with an inorganic one.
Organic antifreeze offers total protection for long periods of time, it also provides
complete protection to all components of the cooling circuit found in internal
combustion engines.

Organic antifreezes contain anticavitation, antiscale, antifoam additives and also a

neutralizing reserve to maximize the protection of the refrigeration circuit.

Advantages of its use

• Maximum duration since they are not consumed over time.
• Ideal against corrosion without rivalry.
• Less deposit generation.
• Low electrical conductivity.
• Good antifoam characteristics.
• High boiling point.

Inorganic antifreeze
In contrast to organic antifreezes, inorganic ones are
not processed, that is, they are made with an alcohol
base. Its antifreeze capacity is high. However, its
percentage of corrosion inhibitors and other additives is
very low, so it also does not exceed 30,000 km / year.
Its price is much cheaper. These are usually very bright
in color.

Advantages of its use

• They remain unchanged throughout their life span.

• Disadvantages of its use
• They protect the engine less

Hybrid antifreeze
It is a combination of organic and inorganic technology that allows
excellent protection and a longer average life. They are usually
formulated based on ethylene glycol and glycerin, anti-cavitation,
anti-limescale, anti-foam additives and a neutralizing reserve that
protects the refrigeration circuit. They also frequent with silicates
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included to provide protection to aluminum surfaces. They are used by many
European car manufacturers although they are also used by American companies
such as Chrysler and Ford.

Distilled or demineralized water

As its name implies, it is a mineral-free coolant, this is ideal for filling the cooling
system when its level is not completely complete.

Green coolant
Recommended for engines with long use that
already show corrosion.
Specially designed for gasoline, diesel or gas motor
vehicle cooling systems.

Profits

• Protects the cooling system against the

effects of corrosion, wear and rust.
• Lubricates and extends the life of water, water
and other components of the cooling system.
• Contributes to preserving the environment.
• It is biodegradable.
• Prevents engine overheating and protects the cooling system against the
effects of corrosion, wear and rust

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DIBUJO / ESQUEMA/ DIAGRAMA

[COOLING AND LUBRICATION SYSTEM]

Caruajulca Núñez Jheruin

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LISTA DE RECURSOS

[COOLING AND LUBRICATION SYSTEM]

Caruajulca Núñez Jheruin

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INSTRUCCIONES: completa la lista de recursos necesarios para la ejecución del trabajo.

1. MÁQUINAS Y EQUIPOS (Computadora personal, Laptop, Tablet, Celular)

Laptop
Celular
Impresora

3. HERRAMIENTAS E INSTRUMENTOS (Buscadores en línea: Google, internet explorer, Mozila, Yaho

Google
https://www.mundodelmotor.net/liquido-refrigerante/
https://www.google.com/search?q=Types+of+Automotive+Refrigerants&rlz=1C1CHBD_esPE949
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https://blog.vistony.pe/4-tipos-de-refrigerantes-automotrices-para-motores/
https://www.autonocion.com/tipos-de-filtros-de-aceite/
https://www.flexfuel-company.es/sistema-lubricacion-funcionamiento-descarbonizacion/
https://ar.pinterest.com/pin/282108364136239469/
http://www.revistaautopartes.co/en-profundidad/ver/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=109&cHash=29

Internet
Servicio eléctrico

5. MATERIALES E INSUMOS (Enlaces de apoyo, videos, libros, postcads, ebooks, etc.)

Lápices
Colores
Hojas de papel
Reglas
Videos

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