1. The continuous random variable N has a normal distribution with mean 7.

5 and
standard deviation 2.5. For which of the following is the probability equal to 0?
a. P(N=8)
b. P(N>8)
c. P(N<8)
d. P(7<N<8)
e. P(N<7) or P(N>8)
2. A machine is used to fill bags with a popular brand of trail mix. The machine is calibrated
so the distribution of the weights of the bags of trail mix is normal, with mean 240 grams
and standard deviation 3 grams. Of the following, which is the least weight of a bag in
the top 5 percent of the distribution?
a. 234 grams
b. 240 grams
c. 243
d. 246
e. 248
3. In a recent survey, the proportion of adults who indicated mystery as their favorite type of
book was 0.325. Two simulations will be conducted for the sampling distribution of a
sample proportion from a population with a true proportion of 0.325. Simulation A will
consist of 1,500 trials with a sample size of 100. Simulation B will consist of 2,000 trials
with a sample size of 50.

Which of the following describes the center and variability of simulation A and simulation
B?
a. The centers will roughly be equal, and the variabilities will roughly be equal.
b. The centers will roughly be equal, and the variability of simulation A will be greater
than the variability of simulation B.
c. The centers will roughly be equal, and the variability of simulation A will be less than
the variability of simulation B.
d. variability of simulation A will roughly be equal to the variability of simulation B.
e. The center of simulation A will be greater than the center of simulation B, and the
variability of simulation A will roughly be equal to the variability of simulation B.
4. Which of the following conditions will create a biased estimator of a population parameter?
a. The sampling distribution of the estimator is skewed to the left
b. The sampling distribution of the estimator is skewed to the right
c. The sampling distribution of the estimator is not the same shape as the distribution
of the population parameter
d. The expected value of the estimator is not equal to the population parameter
e. The variability of the sampling distribution of the estimator is not equal to the
variability of the population parameter.
5. A manufacturer of cell phone screens has found that 5 percent of all screens produced
have defects. Let pd represent the population proportion of all cell phone screens with a
screen defect, therefore pd=0.05. For the sampling distribution of the sample proportion
of cell phone screens from this manufacturer with a screen defect for sample size 400,
µ = 0. 05 . Which of the following is the best interpretation of µ = 0. 05.?
𝑝𝑑 𝑝𝑑
a. For a randomly selected cell phone screen from this population, the mean number of
screen defects for the selected screen will be equal to 0.05.
b. For every sample of size 400 from this population, the proportion of cell phone
screens with a screen defect will be 0.05.
c. For all samples of size 400 from this population, the mean number of screen defects
for the samples is 0.05.
d. For all samples of size 400 from this population, the mean of all resulting sample
proportions of cell phone screens with a screen defect is 0.05.
e. For all samples of size 400 from this population, the standard deviation of all
resulting sample proportions of cell phone screens with a screen defect is 0.05.
6. A fair die has its faces numbered from 1 to 6. Let random variable F represent the
number landing face up when the die is tossed. The probability distribution for the
random variable has mean 3.5 and standard deviation 1.7078. Consider a simulation
with 400 trials designed to estimate the sampling distribution of the sample mean for 5
tosses of the die. For each trial, the die is tossed 5 times, and the mean of the 5 values
landing face up is recorded.
The mean and standard deviation of the results of the simulation should be close to
which of the following?
a. Mean 3.5 and standard deviation 1.7078
b. Mean 3.5 and standard deviation 0.7638
c. Mean 3.5 and standard deviation 0.0854
d. Mean 17.5 and standard deviation 1.7078
e. Mean 17.5 and standard deviation 0.7638
7. A manufacturing company uses two different machines, A and B, each of which
produces a certain item part. The number of defective parts produced by each machine
is about 1 percent. Suppose two independent random samples, each of size 100, are
selected, where one is a sample of parts produced by machine A and the other is a
sample of parts produced by machine B. Which of the following is true about the
sampling distribution of the difference in the sample proportions of defective parts?
a. The mean is 0 and the distribution is approximately normal
b. The mean is 0 and the distribution will not be approximately normal
c. The mean is 0.01 and the distribution is approximately normal
d. The mean is 0.01 and the distribution will not be approximately normal
e. The mean is 1 and the distribution is approximately normal
8. The distribution of prices for a certain car model is approximately normal with mean $21,800
and standard deviation $400. A random sample of 4 cars of the model will be selected. What

is the correct unit of measure for the mean of the sampling distribution of 𝑥‾?
a. Dollars
b. Models
c. Cars
d. Samples
e. There are no units
9. At a large corporation, the distribution of years of employment for the employees has mean
20.6 years and standard deviation 5.3 years. A random sample of 100 employees was
selected and surveyed about employee satisfaction. The sample of employees had a mean
20.3 years and standard deviation 6.1 years. Remy claims that the mean of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean for samples of size 100 is 20.6 years. Is Remy’s claim
correct?
a. No. The mean of the sampling distribution is 20.3 years.
b. No. The mean of the sampling distribution is 20.3 employees.
c. No. The mean of the sampling distribution is 5.3 years.
d. No. The mean of the sampling distribution is 20.6 employees.
e. Yes. The mean of the sampling distribution is 20.6 years.
10. As part of its twenty-fifth reunion celebration, the class of 1988 (students who graduated in
1988) at a state university held a reception on campus. In an informal survey, the director of
alumni development asked 50 of the attendees about their incomes. The director computed
the mean income of the 50 attendees to be $189,952. In a news release, the director
announced, “The members of our class of 1988 enjoyed resounding success. Last year’s
mean income of its members was $189,952!”
a. What would be a statistical advantage of using the median of the reported incomes,
rather than the mean, as the estimate of the typical income?
b. The director felt the members who attended the reception may be different from the
class as a whole. A more detailed survey of the class was planned to find a better
estimate of the income as well as other facts about the alumni. The staff developed
two methods based on the available funds to carry out the survey.
i. Method 1: Send out an e-mail to all 6,826 members of the class asking them
to complete an online form. The staff estimates that at least 600 members
will respond.
ii. Method 2: Select a simple random sample of members of the class and
contact the selected members directly by phone. Follow up to ensure that all
responses are obtained. Because method 2 will require more time than
method 1, the staff estimates that only 100 members of the class could be
contacted using method 2.
Which of the two methods would you select for estimating the average yearly income
of all 6,826 members of the class of 1988? Explain your reasoning by comparing the
two methods and the effect of each method on the estimate.
Trains carry bauxite ore from a mine in Canada to an aluminum processing plant in northern New
York state in hopper cars. Filling equipment is used to load ore into the hopper cars. When
functioning properly, the actual weights of ore loaded into each car by the filling equipment at the
mine are approximately normally distributed with a mean of 70 tons and a standard deviation of 0.9
ton. If the mean is greater than 70 tons, the loading mechanism is overfilling.

a. If the filling equipment is functioning properly, what is the probability that the weight of the
ore in a randomly selected car will be 70.7 tons or more? Show your work.
b. Suppose that the weight of ore in a randomly selected car is 70.7 tons. Would that fact make
you suspect that the loading mechanism is overfilling the cars? Justify your answer.
c. If the filling equipment is functioning properly, what is the probability that a random sample
of 10 cars will have a mean ore weight of 70.7 tons or more? Show your work.
d. Based on your answer in part (c), if a random sample of 10 cars had a mean ore weight of
70.7 tons, would you suspect that the loading mechanism was overfilling the cars? Justify
your answer.