HOSPITAL TRAINING REPORT

A Dissertation submitted to the

Dr. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW,

UTTARPRADESH

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

BACHELOR OF PHARMACY

SUBMITTED BY:
Rajat Rastogi
ROLL NO-1910460500035
Under the guidance of

PROF DR. S.B. PANDA (Director)

MISS NEHA GUPTA (Assistant professor)

MIT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, MORADABAD

(SESSION 2022-2023)

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 MIT College of Pharmacy , Moradabad

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Report work entitled 'Hospital Training' has
been successfully carried out by Rajat Rastogi at the MIT COLLEGE
OF PHARMACY , Moradabad under the guidance of NEHA GUPTA
(Associate Professor), Mit College of Pharmacy, Moradabad

Dr. Subhranshu Panda

Director
MIT College of Pharmacy
Moradabad

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 MIT College Of Pharmacy , Moradabad

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that RAJAT RASTOGI Roll No. 1910460500035 has

carried out the report work entitled “Hospital Training” for the award
of degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy from Dr. APJ. Abdul Kalama
Technical University, Lucknow under my supervision.

NEHA GUPTA
Associate Professor
moradabad institute of technology
College of Pharmacy
Moradabad

Date:

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 MIT College of Pharmacy, Moradabad

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Report work entitled “Hospital Training”

Submitted to Dr. APJ. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow
for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy has been
Successfully carried out under the guidance of NEHA GUPTA
(Associate Professor) MIT College of Pharmacy, MORADABAD

RAJAT RASTOGI
Date:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere and deep sense of gratitude,

veneration I and indebtedness to Dr. Subhranshu Panda Director,
MIT College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, for his constant
encouragement and for providing me all type of necessary help
during my report work.
I would like to express my sincere and deep senses of gratitude to
my esteemed guide NEHA GUPTA (Associate Professor) MIT
College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, for her unstained guidance,
suggestions, constant encouragement, and optimization towards
problems are highly admirable. It is my proud privilege to have
carried out this report work under his guidance.
I also take this great opportunity to express my sincere thanks you
all teaching and non-teaching staff of MIT College of Pharmacy,
Moradabad for their elderly help and suggestions during my report
work.
I express my deepest and very special thanks to my all-batch mates
for their kind co-operation, help and encouragement during my report
work.
Finally, express my deep regards to God and My Parents, who have
been a constant source of inspiration.

RAJAT RASTOGI

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Contents Page No.

1. Introduction 7
2. First Aid 8
3. Pathology 12
4. Dispensary 16
5. Surgical Ward 18
6. Route Of Administration 19
7. Blood Bank 20
8. Blood Donation 21
9. Rabies 24
10. Conclusion 26

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 Introduction of Hospital

Name of Hospital

Address

Doctors

Pharmacists

Overview:
District hospital is situated in ------------. This hospital is the only hospital in
Moradabad Division which is regulated by the State Government. It provides
various facilities to patients such as OPD, Emergency Ward (24x7), Blood Bank,
all types of Scans, Pharmacy, Covid-19 Ward.

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 FIRST AID

First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person suffering
from either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve
life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery.

AIM

The key aims of first aid can be summarized in three key points, sometimes
known as "the three P's”.

Preserve life

the overriding aim of all medical care, including first aid, is to save lives and
minimize the threat of death

Prevent further harm

also sometimes called prevent the condition from worsening, or danger of

further injury, this covers both external factors, such as moving a patient away

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from any cause of harm and applying first aid techniques to prevent worsening
of the condition, such as applying pressure to stop a bleed becoming
dangerous.

Promote recovery

first aid also involves trying to start the recovery process from the illness or
injury, and in some cases might involve completing a treatment, such as in the
case of applying a plaster to a small wound.

Specific disciplines

There are several types of first aid (and first aider) which require specific
additional training. These are usually undertaken to fulfill the demands of the
work or activity undertaken.

Aquatic/Marine first aid

It is usually practiced by professionals such as lifeguards, professional

mariners or in diver rescue, and covers the specific problems which may be
faced after water-based rescue and/or delayed MedEvac.

Battlefield first aid

Considers the specific needs of treating wounded combatants and non-

combatants during armed conflict.

Hyperbaric first aid

may be practiced by SCUBA diving professional, who need to treat conditions

such as the bends.

Oxygen first aid

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is the providing of oxygen to casualties who suffer from conditions resulting in
hypoxia.

Wilde mess first aid

is the provision of first aid under conditions where the arrival of emergency
responders or the evacuation of an injured person may be delayed due to
constraints of terrain, weather, and available persons or equipment? It may be
necessary to care for an injured person for several hours or days.

Mental health first aid

is taught independently of physical first aid. How to support someone

experiencing a mental

health problem or in a crisis. Also, how to identify the first signs of someone
developing mental ill health and guide people towards appropriate help.

Conditions that often require first aid:

 Altitude sickness, which can begin in susceptible people at altitudes as low

as 5,000 feet, can cause potentially fatal swelling of the brain or lungs.

 Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition in which the airway can become

constricted and the patient my go into shock. The reaction can be caused
by a systemic allergic reaction to allergens such as insect bites or peanuts.
Anaphylaxis is initially treated with injection of epinephrine

 Battlefield first aid - This protocol refers to treating shrapnel, gunshot

wounds, burns, bore fractures, etc. as seen either in the traditional
battlefield setting or in an area subject to damage by large-scale weaponry,
such as a bomb blast

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 Bone fracture, a break in a bone initially treated by stabilizing the fracture
with a splint.

 Burns, which can result in damage to tissues and loss of body fluids
through the burn site.

 Cardiac Arrest, which will lead to death unless CPR preferably combined
with an AED is started within minutes. There is often no time to wait for the
emergency services to arrive as 92 percent of people suffering a sudden
cardiac arrest die before reaching hospital according to the American Heart
Association.

 Heart attack, or inadequate blood flow to the blood vessels supplying the
heart muscle.

 Heat stroke, also known as sunstroke or hyperthermia, which tends to

occur during heavy exercise in high humidity, or with inadequate water,
though it may occur spontaneously in some chronically il persons.
Sunstroke, especially when the victim has been unconscious, often causes
major damage to body systems such as brain, kidney, liver, gastric tract.
Unconsciousness for more than two hours usually leads to permanent
disability. Emergency treatment involves rapid cooling of the patient.

 Heavy bleeding, treated by applying pressure (manually and later with a

pressure bandage) to the wound site and elevating the limb if possible.

 Hyperglycemia (diabetic coma) and Hypoglycemia (insulin shock).

 Insect and animal bites and stings.

 Poisoning, which can occur by injection inhalation, absorption, or ingestion

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 Muscle strains and Sprains, a temporary dislocation of a joint that
immediately reduces automatically but may result in ligament damage.

 Wounds and bleeding including lacerations, incisions and abrasions,

Gastrointestinal bleeding, avulsions, and Sucking chest wounds, treated
with an occlusive dressing to let air out.

PATHOLOGY

Pathology is a branch of medical science primarily concerning the cause,

origin, and nature of disease. It involves the examination of tissues, organs,
bodily fluids, and autopsies to study and diagnose disease.

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 Here are some common tests performed during the hospital training in
hospital

1. Widal test

2. Pregnancy test

3. Glucose test

4. Blood group test

5. Urine test

1. Widal Test

Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphoid A, B and Cause enteric fever

(typhoid and paratyphoid) in human. Laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever
includes Blood culture, Stool Culture and Serological test. Widal test is a
common agglutination test employed in the serological diagnosis of enteric
fever. This test was developed by Georges Ferdinand Widal in 1896 and helps
to detect presence of salmonella antibodies in a patient's serum

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2. Pregnancy Test

A pregnancy test can tell whether you are pregnant by checking for a
particular hormone in your urine or blood. The hormone is called human
chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). HCG is made in a woman's placenta after a
fertilized egg implants in the uterus. It is normally made only
during pregnancy.

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3. GLUCOSE TEST

Both low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia)
are of concern for patients who take insulin. It is important, therefore, to
carefully monitor blood glucose level. In general patients with type 1 diabetes
need to take readings four or more times a day. Patients should aim for the
following measurements:

a) Pre-meal glucose levels of 70 - 130 mg/dL.

b) Post-meal glucose level of less than 180 mg/dL

Different goals may be required for specific individuals, including pregnant

women very old and very young people, and those with accompanying serious
medical conditions.

Finger-Prick Test

A typical blood sugar test includes the following:

i. A drop of blood is obtained by pricking the finger.

ii. The blood is then applied to a chemically treated strip.

iii. Monitors read and provide results.

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Home monitors are less accurate than laboratory monitors and many do not
meet the standards of the American Diabetes Association. However, they are
usually accurate enough to indicate when blood sugar is too low.

To monitor the amount of glucose within the blood a person with diabetes
should test their blood regularly. The procedure is quite simple and can often
be done at home.

Some simple procedures my improve accuracy

 Testing the meter once a month

 Recalibrating it whenever a new packet of strips is used.

 Using fresh strips, outdated strips may not provide accurate results

 Keeping the meter clean,

 Periodically comparing the meter results with the results from a laboratory

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4. BLOOD TEST

A test kit can be used to test blood type. It involves pricking finger and placing
a drop of blood on a card that will react to a serum on the card that contains
antibodies. Now we will be given the opportunity to test blood type using this
technique.

DISPENSARY

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A dispensary can be defined as the main area where the dispensing of the
drugs takes place. Itis mainly present for the OPD patients. The various drugs
are being distributed to the patients here on the basis of their prescription
written by the doctors. The dispensary in the district hospital consists of
various pharmacists who are present to hand out the medicines to the patients.
The distribution of the drugs in the district hospital is for free
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 The various drugs which are being distributed are:-

1. Alusil C - Antacid chewable tablets

2. Paracetamol tablets and suspension

3. Chlorpheniramine Maleate tablets

4. B-Complex tablets

5. Walamycin suspension for children

6. Ciprofloxacin Capsules

7. Flamar gel-analgesic

8. Doxycyclin capsules

9. Diclofenac sodium

10. Tramadol

11. Perinorm

12. Metronidazole ointment

13. Atenolol

14. Calcium tablets

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  The drug distribution in the dispensary takes place through several
windows. These windows are of:-

 Women

 Men

 Elderly i.e. above age 60

 Staff members

The people are required to stand according to these lines only in order to get
the prescribed medicines. The pharmacist also has the job to explain the time
of administration and the amount of dose to be given to the patient.

Surgical Ward
 The surgical ward is an in-patient department which consists of those
patients who are:-

 Severely injured

 Undergoing a surgery
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  Wounded

 The surgical ward is divided into two parts: -

1. Male Surgical ward - It consists of al the male patients

2. Female Surgical Ward - It consists of all the female patients

Routes of administration
A medication administration route is often classified by the location at which
the drug is administered, such as oral or intravenous. The choice of routes in
which the medication is given depends not only on the convenience and
compliance but also on the drug’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic
profile. Therefore it is crucial to understand the characteristics of the various
routes and techniques associated with them. Many interprofessional
healthcare team members are involved in the administration of medications to
patients.

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  Following are the Parenteral routes of administrations:-

1. Intradermal injection

2. Intramuscular injection

3. Subcutaneous injection

4. Intravenous injection

Blood Bank
A blood bank is a center where blood gathered as a result of blood donation is
store and preserved for her use in blood transfusion

The term 'blood bank" typically refers to a division of a hospital where the
storage of blood product occurs and where proper testing is performed to
reduce the risk of transfusion related adverse events). However, it sometimes
refers to a collection center, and indeed some hospital also perform collection.

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For blood donation agencies in various countries, see List of blood donation
agencies and List of blood donation agencies in the United States

BLOOD DONATION
Blood donation refers to the process of collecting, testing, preparing, and
storing blood and blood components. Donors are most commonly unpaid
volunteers, but they may also be paid by commercial enterprises. Blood

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registry refers to the collection and sharing of data about donated blood and
ineligible donors."

A blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and

used for transfusions and/or made into biopharmaceutical medications by
a process called fractionation (separation of whole blood components).
Donation may be of whole blood, or of specific components directly
(apheresis). Blood banks often participate in the collection process as well
as the procedures that follow it.

 Purpose of Blood Donation: -

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  The purpose of the blood collection and distribution system is to help
ensure an adequate supply of blood for accident victim, people needing
surgery, and people suffering from certain diseases, as well as for
medical research

 Sometimes, donors give blood specifically to benefit a particular person.

People preparing for elective surgery may donate their own blood to be
hell and then returned to them during surgery. This is known as
autologous blood donation Directed donor blood has been donated by
someone known to the intended recipient such as a family member or
friend.

TYPES OF BLOOD BANK SERVICE: -

 Government blood bank

 Non-government blood bank

 Commercial blood bank

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PROCESS OF BLOOD DONATION

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 RABIES

 Vaccine Vaccination against rabies is used in two distinct

situations.

1. To protect those who are at risk of exposure to rabes, i.e., preexposure

vaccination.

2. To prevent the development of clinical rabes after exposure has occurred,

usually following the bite of an animal suspected of having rabies, i.e., post-
exposure prophylaxis. The vaccines used for pre-exposure and post-
exposure vaccination are the same, but the immunization schedule differs.
Rabies immunoglobulin i used only for post-exposure prophylaxis. Modern
vaccines of cell-culture or embryoid-egg origin are safer and more effective
than the older vaccines, which were produced in brain tissue. These
modem rabies vaccines are now available in major urban centers of most
countries of the developing world. Rabies immunoglobulin on the other
hand, & in short supply worldwide and may not be available, even in major
urban centers, in many dogs’ rabies infected countries.

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Precautions and contraindications: - Modern rabes vaccines are well
tolerated. The frequency of minor adverse reactions (local pain, erythema,
swelling) varies widely from one report to another. Occasional systemic
reactions (malaise, generalized aches and headaches) have been noted after
intramuscular or intradermal injections.

Type of vaccine :

1. Modem cell-culture

2. embryonated-egg vaccine

Number of doses : Three, one on each of days 0, 7 and 21 or 28, given. (1 or

0.5 mil/dose depending on the vaccine) or id. (0.1 ml/inoculation site)

Booster: Not routinely needed for general travelers

Adverse reactions : Minor ball or systemic reactions Before departure : Pre-

exposure prophylaxis for those planning a visit to a country or area at risk,
especially ff the area wo be voted is far from major urban centers and
appropriate care, including the availability of post-exposure rabies prophylaxis,
cannot be
assured.

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 CONCLUSION
The training in a hospital gives us a conclusion that the training in
the hospital was necessary as it not only helped us to see how a
hospital operates, but it also helped me to learn basic functions of it
like first aid care, how to give injection and dispensing of drugs etc.
The conclusion drawn out can be that I have finally learned as to how
important role a hospital plays in peoples’ lives and that the hospital
staff can go to any mean to save them since its their duty. Since
District Hospital receives only 1 rupee per patient, so it also shows
us their good deed towards mankind and to the service.

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