CHAPTER 2

STUDYING THE PAST

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 A Brief History
AUGUSTE COMTE
Father of Sociology.
He want to find out what are the
“invariable natural law” of society,
the laws that apply to everybody
so there would be a new order in
society.

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 HERBERT SPENCER

SUGGESTED THAT SOCIETY IS LIKE AN

ORGANISM – THE SYSTEM SAID THAT SOCIETY
EVOLVED FROM SIMPLE TO COMPLEX.

THIS IDEA IS CALLED “SOCIAL DARWINISM”

BASED ON DARWIN’S THEORY OF BIOLOGICAL
EVOLUTION.

SPENCER’S IDEA CORRELATES WITH THE

THEORY OF FUNCTIONALISM.

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 KARL MARX
SAW IN SOCIETY AS A CONTINUOUS
CONFLICT AND CHANGE.
BELIEVED THAT SOCIETY FOLLOWED
HISTORICAL LAW DETERMINED BY ECONOMIC
FORCES.
SAID THAT AFTER FEUDALISM HAS REPLACED
BY THE CAPITALISM, NEXT ERA WILL BE
FOLLOWED BY SOCIALISM.
HIS IDEAS ARE CONTAINED IN THE CONFLICT
THEORY OF SOCIOLOGY
4
 History of Sports

Primitive act Greek sports

Medieval sports

Roman sports

Modern sport
 Historical comparison of ancient sports and
modern sports (Coakley, 2010)

Renaissance and
Greek games and Roman Sports Medieval games and
Enlightenment
contests (1000 Events (100 B.C to tournaments ( 500 Modern sports
Characteristics Games and activities
B.C. to 100 B.C.) A.D. 500) to 1300)
(1300 – 1800)

Secularism Yes and No Yes and No Yes and No Yes and No Yes

Equality Yes and No Yes and No No Yes and No Yes

Specialization No No No Yes and No Yes

Rationalization No No No No Yes

Bureaucratization Yes and No No No No Yes

Quantification No No No Yes and No Yes

Records No No No Yes and No Yes

SPORT IN THE PAST AND PRESENT

ANCIENT SPORT
MODERN SPORT

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ANCIENT SPORT
Secularism
emphasis on material
(economic) and social
success (prestige)
 MODERN SPORT

• secularism – emphasis on material (economic) and social

success (prestige)
•Equality of opportunity – everybody can participate
•Role specialization - expertise
•Rational – rule specifying the nature of competition
•Bureaucratic formal organization – IOC, BAM
•Quantification – 1st place, champion,2nd place
•The quest for record breaking – research to enhance
performance
 Malaysian Sport History

- 1829 Billiard introduced in Singapore

- 1873 Badminton was introduced
- 1883 Penang cricket club was founded
- 1884 Selangor sport club was founded
- 1887 Golf introduced in Penang
- 1888 Football introduced in Penang
- 1889 1st contingent sent to sport championship in HK
- 1890 became the host of sport championship in Spore
- 1890 Football league introduced in Selangor and Penang
- 1937 Cricket introduced in Spore known as “king willow “
- 1970 Track and field event was popularized in Penang
 Tuanku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj – First prime minister
and pioneer of Stadium Merdeka and stadium Negara, Jalan
Hang Tuah.

 Datuk M. Jegathesan - became the first Malaysian athlete

to qualify for the semi-finals in the 200 M event at 18 years
old. In Heat 5 of the 1st round, he recorded a time of 20.9
sec. In the 2nd round, Jegathesan recorded a time of 21.4
sec. to qualify for the semi-finals. He recorded a time of
21.2 sec. in the semi-final, and was eliminated. His
nickname is “flying doc”.

 Zaiton Othman – was Malaysian Bionic-women or "Iron

Lady" of Malaysian sports because of her domination in the
grueling heptathlon event. Zaiton won a total of 10 gold
medals at SEA Games and Asian Veterans Meets and a few
silver and bronzes at Asian Games and Asian Track and
Field meets from 1979- 1989.
TQ