Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Department of Education
Department of Education
Department of Education
Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
Schools Division of Pampanga
San Matias National High School
San Matias, Santo Tomas, Pampanga
Introduction
values, or otherwise adapt to be accepted. For instance, inside the school, students think
that they are required to belong to a group. Peer influence has a direct or indirect impact
emotional and social skills, as well as educational goals, are both important. It influences
The people you interact with every day have a profound effect on each other, and
peer pressure is a social dynamic that people have experienced. According to Martin et al.
(2017), all children are exposed to somewhat stressful situations. Still, many children are
also exposed to severely stressful experiences such as violent victimization (As cited by
Sutherland, 2018). Tripathy (2018) described peer pressure as a factor that influences
adolescent behavior. It can produce positive and negative outcomes. Furthermore, the
researcher stated that adolescents have a place in one companion group or alternate as a
source of character and motivation. They adjust to the associate gathering's opinions,
convictions, and judgments, and they invest. Peer pressure is also known to be
synonymous with the teenage years of a person. Peer pressure may also have a positive
aspect in such a way that the youth conform to safe and healthy behaviors influencing their
academic achievements. On the other hand, it could also be associated with negativity
such as related to bullying behaviors, drinking alcohol, illegal drug intake, and negative
body image, which is known to be harmful to the well-being of a child or a young person.
Such effects of this kind of behavior can decrease the self-confidence and self-worth of a
youth which leads them to distancing themselves from their family members and even
friends. A study by Makinde, et al. (2020) states that the rates of young people who tend to
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get depressed are the highest among all psychological disorders in the age group and
these kinds of disorders affect millions of youngsters. The research they have conducted
showed that there is a direct and positive correlation between peer pressure and
depression among young people. Depression, also at its highest peak, may lead to suicidal
ideation, self-harm, and other negative and harmful behaviors. On the other hand, a study
by Anniko, et al. (2019) showed that the presence of peer pressure is a possible predictor
for increased stress levels, anxiety, and sleep issues of the youth. Another study by
Cleofas (2019) looked at the link between student involvement, mental health, and quality
of life among college students, finding that all types of social connections with school
entities were linked to quality of life, and mental health was linked to quality of life. This
research presented the possible relationship between peer pressure and well-being but
there are still underlying factors that are yet to be discovered on what makes them related
to each other. Peers are the people whom others socialize with, and they are often similar
in age, interests, or some other factors that bind them together. Peers may include the
people you are friends with, work with, go to school with, or just the people you interact
with. Well-being, on the other hand, is focused on assets in functioning, including positive
As explained by Smith (2021) Students live with the expectation of doing well
academically. Going through phases wherein they compare ourselves to others causes
pressure occurs among students mainly because they want to fit their group’s standards.
Students are afraid of failure and getting bullied. Peer pressure has a lot of significant
negative impacts on students. They are developing unhealthy habits like using drugs,
alcohol consumption, and more. As the author said, it directly affects their academic
performance since they feel like they need their peer’s approval more than anything, which
means their academics get less prioritized. The author also stated that group pressure
reduces confidence and self-esteem due to their belief that they need to reach a certain
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level to blend with the rest. It can also cause the students to develop severe depression
and anxiety.
The study conducted by Admin (2021) believes that the quality of your friend
groups is relevant since it will depend on the outcome of yourself as a student, and that is
why they should choose our peers wisely. Peer pressure happens to students when they
feel the sudden need to be recognized and accepted. It is why they develop anxiety and
tension, which can cause them to cram their schoolwork and feel anxious about the
results. They will prioritize fitting into a particular group because it will make them feel
superior, which leads to not prioritizing their studies. This research states how
adolescence is a period wherein they are unstable due to social, physical, and emotional
changes. It is the perfect time for more parental guidance. The Peer group effect is a
factor in what outcomes the students have. Individuals learn from each other by
conversing and seeing what others do, directly affecting their academic performance. As
much as peers working together can motivate, peers can also negatively affect our studies
and future. Academic competence refers to a student's ability to write or precisely speak
effectively or substance (Deepika and Prema, 2017). This also indicates the extent to
which the educational system has met its goals. It also reflects the extent to which
students understand the topic. The researcher believed there is a relationship between
their peers unconsciously. In that case, their academic achievement will not be their
priority. Students involved in antisocial behavior, that is, when they deviate from their
normal behavior. They may also encourage their friends to do inappropriate activities,
affecting academic achievement. This concludes how peer pressure highly affects
depends on the quality of their friend group and how they will choose to handle them
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Statement of The Problem
This study aims to determine the Impact of Peer Pressure to the Academic
1. What are the effects of peer pressure on the student’s academic performance?
3. What are the positive and negative effects of peer pressure on academic performance?
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Conceptual Framework
Figure 1. The figure shows the study’s conceptual framework, indicating the independent,
Grade-12 GAS-HUMSS students in San Matias National High School. For example, the
pressure from their family, friends, classmates, peer group around them can cause them to
senior high students that may result in their showing positive and negative effects on their
academic performance. For example, having good friends who can help them share their
own vision or capacity gives them a positive effect but having bad friends may have a
In figure 1, the mediating variable refers to what gets affected by the cause, their
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belongingness, curiosity, cultural-parenting orientation, and education caused by peer
pressure. This explains the relation of both independent and dependent variables.
This study focuses on Impacts of Peer Pressure on Academic Performance of GAS-
HUMSS Students at San Matias National High School throughout the 2022–2023
academic year. consists of six sections of Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS).
Purposive sampling would be used in this study, with populations that are likely to have
traits or experiences being selected. The study covers how Peer pressure affects the
student, how their peers influence them and the how habit-forming behavior they
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The researchers are interested in exploring how peer pressure affects the academic
performance of grade 12 students in San Matias National High School, Sto. Tomas
Students. The students will have an awareness of the effects of peer pressure on their
Teachers. The result of the study will give them ideas on what are the effects of peer
Parents. This study benefits the parents of the students. As a parent they have the right to
know what is affecting the Academic Performance of their children, with the help of this
study parents will be aware of the effects of peer pressure on the Academic Performance
of the students.
Future Researchers. The findings of the study will serve as reference material or guide
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Definition of Terms
Peer Pressure - Peer pressure is the direct or indirect influence on peers, i.e., members of
Positive Peer Pressure - prove to be beneficial. In this specific type of peer pressure,
individuals can and may adopt good traits from their social circles, leading to success and
wellbeing.
Negative Peer Pressure - usually involves influence that sways people toward risky
activity such as criminal behavior, underage drinking, drug use, and an overall unhealthy
lifestyle.
to which a student, teacher or institution has attained their short or long-term educational
goals.
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Chapter II
Moldes et al. (2019), students are expected to face the effects of peer pressure to
cope with the negative impact of peer pressure on their studies. Peer pressure can lead to
risky behaviors such as drug and alcohol abuse, skipping classes, and engaging in
bullying. Therefore, it is important for schools to provide support systems and resources for
Te Wang et al. (2018), peers become increasingly important socializing agents for
academic behaviors and attitudes during adolescence During this stage, adolescents tend
to rely more on their peers for social support and validation, which can influence their
contribute to academic success, while negative peer influences can lead to academic
disengagement.
Sarkar et al. (2022), peer pressure can have a positive or negative impact. It is
positive when youth are pressured by their peers to engage in positive behavior such as
higher academic achievement, increased social skills, companionship, support, and so on.
and well-being. Several factors, such as socioeconomic peer pressure are one of the
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important factors influencing a child's academic performance, along with status, anxiety,
Sarkar (2022), some students find that having relationships with their peers
increases their academic engagement. Others form peer groups, which leads to
disengagement from school and has an impact on academic practices. Negative peer
pressure can cause problems in school such as lower school attendance and even drop
Adeyemi et al., (2018), peer pressure is not always negative; it can inspire people
to develop new hobbies, habits, attitudes, health awareness, or a strong desire to succeed.
Positive peer pressure can motivate people to strive for personal growth and development,
which can lead to higher self-esteem and confidence. It can also foster a supportive
environment in which people are encouraged to pursue their dreams and goals.
Understanding the prospects and challenges of one's peer group is thus critical for the
Escobido et al. (2020), peer pressure causes the student to fail the exam. In the
meantime, tardiness is the result of students succumbing to peer pressure when it comes
to attendance. Peer pressure can be a powerful force that influences students to make
poor decisions. It is important for educators and parents to teach students how to resist
negative peer pressure and make choices that align with their values and goals.
Segun (2021), peer pressure does not always imply a negative influence; it can
also be beneficial influence, the type of peers a student keeps or moves with can also
influence his attitude, learning, and academic performance. Parents should encourage
their children to make friends who will help them learn at home and at school, according to
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the recommendations. Peer pressure does not always imply a negative influence; it can
also be beneficial.
influence, the type of peers a student keeps or moves with can also influence him Attitude,
Salija (2018), the influence of peer groups on students can increase their anxiety,
particularly regarding their academic performance This can be attributed to the pressure of
fitting in and meeting the expectations of their peers, which can lead to a fear of failure and
a constant need for validation. Salija (2018), the influence of peer groups on students can
increase their anxiety, particularly regarding their academic performance This can be
attributed to the pressure of fitting in and meeting the expectations of their peers, which
Salija (2018), the influence of peer groups on students can increase their anxiety,
particularly regarding their academic performance This can be attributed to the pressure of
fitting in and meeting the expectations of their peers, which can lead to a fear of failure and
Being pressured by our peers causes not having the freedom to make our own
decisions in life, because if you go against what they want, maybe they will treat you as not
belonging to the group, causing you to have pressure that you have to agree with what
To achieve success and fairness in school, you must provide clear guidance on
what is required to lead to success. And the voice to speak for justice to avoid having
competition with each other that causes pressure on our own. (Wiley,2022).
usually it's because they always share important information on their career choices and
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also, they're always spending their time with their peers. So instead of deciding for their
own growth they're all dependent on what's their friends want from them.
Wang et al., (2018), adolescences have the desire to fit in with their peers. And to
fit in, youth may begin to adopt the academic values and behaviors of their peers to avoid
just practice cigarette smoking for particular reasons, such to cope with stress. And,
cigarette smoking causes countless diseases, and it impacts the health of the smokers and
those interacting with the smokers. It also increases the risk of stroke, lung cancer, and
Depression, anxiety, behavioral problems are the examples that students are
currently dealing with. Another reason for a student to have stress and experience
pressure is the expectations parents have for their children, parents are not aware of the
According to (Yun, 2019),feeling of pressure because you are not sure if you will be
able to graduate or pass, usually when graduation is near, the students get a little
confused because of projects that are late to be passed, so sometimes it comes to the
point that all the students cannot bare to handle it probably, they may bad words.
As mentioned by (Mo, 2021), teaching all the language as teacher is not easy,
sometimes the time it's not enough for a teacher to create an information of all the
students that he/she handled and also at school we have our own responsibility that
sometimes everything is need to be done as much as possible, that's way teacher can also
feel pressure.
Many children experience pressure early in life that sometimes they forget to be a
Academic Performance
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As cited by Anwanane et.al., (2019), the purpose of education is to achieve
influences students in their choice of education and whether students will be meaningful
investments.
According to Admin, (2021), one of the factors of peer group effect is what is the
outcome of what students learn individually from each other and what others do that really
Park & Bauer, (2018), the adolescents who perceived their parents authoritatively
engaged in more effective learning and studying strategies. Explanation: According to Park
& Bauer, (2018), Adolescent minority students found that their parents had authority
engaged in more effective study and learning strategies in fact authoritarianism was a
with better parenting linked to higher levels of academic performance and poorer parenting
student with a higher level of self-esteem had a higher academic performance. in fact, you
indirectly significantly stated that there is a high correlation between students' self-esteem
As mentioned by the study of Bradley and Corwyn, (2018), shows that a parent has
low academic performance which is often cyclical and may have influenced the child's low
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As cited by the study of Nadeem et al, (2018), that the effects of anxiety on female
students are greater than on male students, but it also has a negative effect on their
academic achievements.
According to Dantov, (2020), the two causes of laziness are capability deficiency
and lack of interest. These characteristics or traits may affect a student’s academic
performance in school.
As mentioned by Najeeb Ullah et.al., (2021), that the teachers are the driving force
to the progress of the student’s academic performance in school. Logically, teachers are
the facilitators in the teaching and learning process. Therefore, the effectiveness of
teaching strategies can lead to positive academic performance of the student, but poor
Peer Pressure
Close friends should have effects on adolescents because they have strong effects
Emotional intelligence and social media usage are connected and have positive
peer pressure effect on students' academic performance because getting both will affect
not only the academic performance but also on other stuff. (Saka, 2022)
Individuals that are influenced by positive peer pressure have higher academic
performance and those who have lower academic performance are influenced by negative
Girls who experienced high peer pressure before will have more pressure in future.
Compared to boys, girls are getting more emotions easily than boys, they are easily getting
each other. Cybervictimization is one of the reasons why adolescents are getting
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depressive symptoms and that will lead to having a peer pressure that affects the mental
sometimes it's the way of the adolescence to remove stress and bond with each other.
(Laghi, 2019)
Peer pressure influences young people's behavior to act differently and friends,
family, etc. is the one that can influence the adolescent to have peer pressure by cheering
Parents and schools need to pay attention to teenagers' peer pressure. Having less
attention to the students can lead the students having a peer pressure by the bullies,
having a lot of tasks to do, and other school problems, but getting more attention to the
students can less the negative peer pressure and start getting positive peer pressure. (Liu,
2022)
Adolescents become introverts because of strict parents cause some strict parents
don't let the adolescents to have communication to other person and that lead getting peer
Adolescents reporting that SNS or Social Networking site addiction have more peer
pressure. Having SNS addiction can lead the adolescents having good or bad peer
According to the study of Escobio et al., (2020) some students were undecided
whether peer pressure is affecting their academic performance and class participation.
They used the Likert scale questionnaire to gather all the information they needed. Peer
pressure has a great impact on the students' academic performance and class
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Based on Moldes et al., (2019) peer pressure often seems to have various effects
toward the students' academic performance. Peer pressure has a big influence on the
students' academic achievement. Peer pressure has negative and positive effects
In the study of Damm (2018), peer pressure is the influence from members of one's
peer group. Peer pressure can result in a change in behavior. It can influence someone to
drink, smoke or skipping classes which can lead them too mentally unstable.
According to Mainit et al., (2022), adolescents have a higher tendency to experience peer
pressure in school. Peer pressure can affect all people but mostly adolescents are the
As cited by AACAP (2018), kids often give in to peer pressure because they want
to fit in. To the world that's new, everyone wants to fit in the trend. Just like students who
don't want to feel lonely. In result, they're finding peer groups that can have an effect to
Based on the study of Sarkar et al., (2022), peer pressure has a positive impact
too. Peer pressure is not all negative. It can be positive because it can improve interactive
skills, new hobbies etc. Peer pressure has an important role in the students' life because of
socializing.
Based on Project House (2020), students who don't manage their time well
because of peer pressure can get lower grades. Students prioritize their friends before
their studies and because of that, it can lead to lower scores and have a failing grades.
major achievements in students' lives. One of the reasons why students are not focusing
on their academics is because of peer pressure. Peer pressure can influence us positively
but mostly negatively. Peer pressure can cause students to smoke, to cheat on a test and
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As cited by Maqsood et al., (2022), college students experienced more direct peer
pressure and academic stress. College students are prone to peer pressure because they
are stressed in academic, so they want to relieve themselves by the influence of their
In the study of Sangma et al. (2018), pressure can have positive and negative
effects. Peer pressure can influence students positively by improving their social skills and
finding out new habits. While in the other hand, it can also influence students negatively by
teaching them to cheat on an exam, drink liquor and sometimes try drugs.
According to Moldes et al., (2019), teenagers are more likely than adults to give up
to peer pressure, since they are too young, and their mind is not mature enough to think
properly every time they struggle when they have a difficult problem it causes them to give
up
In the study of Tesema et al., (2019), cigarette smoking has the potential to harm
nearly every organ of the human body, that cause diseases, and have an impact on the
health of smokers and those who interact with smokers. Peer pressure is a major factor in
student cigarette smoking. As a result, this systematic review and analysis investigated the
Based on Ding et al., (2018), students perceived more peer pressure and had
lower self-efficacy for alcohol self-regulation, both of which contributed directly to drinking
frequency. Path analysis revealed that peer pressure and self-efficacy for alcohol self-
regulation indirectly affected the relationship between peer group membership and drinking
frequency. This suggested that skills training to increase self-efficacy for alcohol self-
regulation in culturally specific settings can, directly and indirectly, lower drinking rates in
peer groups with high peer pressure and higher than normal drinking.
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As cited by Gao et al., (2022), when a person who experiences peer pressure does
not listen to what they say, he will experience more bullying to force him to follow them,
peer pressure acted as a moderator in the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and
bullying perpetration,
According to Tang, (2022), students struggle with this pressure, and peer pressure
is a big problem for us, a certain amount of stress can help students improve their studies
or work and get experience and therefore the next time they got a problem like that you'll
automatically overcome it, but too much stress can affect both physical and mental health
and there is a chance that it will become a serious illness like depression.
Based on Boechnke (2018), when students are influenced and motivated by their
peers, their potential will show, and they will achieve good grades in various subjects. Peer
can increase stress that can lead to anxiety, especially while studying since students are
pressured by their peers to do something and are forced to do it even if they don't want to
do something.
important for students especially in our studies, to increase our self-confidence, having
strong emotional and social skills can also help students build positive relationships with
their peers and teachers, which can create a supportive learning environment and lead to
better academic outcomes. It is important for schools to prioritize the development of these
In the study of Damm (2018), peer pressure can result in psychological problems
that hinder the development of students, as students reach adolescence, they are likely to
experience similar peer relationships, peer pressure, and compliance levels It is important
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for parents to teach students how to navigate peer pressure, so that they can form
meaningful relationships and avoid negative psychological consequences. This can involve
Based on Harrel (2020), not all peer pressure is negative. Peer pressure is only
negative when our decisions and beliefs are set aside in order for students to be accepted
in a specific peer group. Positive peer pressure can also exist when peers encourage and
motivate each other to make good choices and pursue healthy behaviors.
Teenagers are more likely to be a fragile glass that needs guidance because they
are overly sensitive in terms of psychological and emotional ways. This means that they
are still lacking in self-control, which can have an impact on their daily lives, including their
academic performance and a reduction in their quality of life. (Zou' et, al., 2022)
One of the problems of adolescence is uncertainty about the future. Many students
are still indecisive about their career plans, which can increase the stress they already
Parents and teachers can also add to teenage psychological stress since they want
their kids to do their best immediately on, which can make them feel under pressure.
pressure, and how their social beliefs have affected how they interact with others. They
Being an adolescent involves setting high expectations for themselves since that is
how they choose to see their future, and when they feel like they've failed to meet those
Although teenage years are when adolescents can express themselves and create
wonderful memories they can keep, adolescent years also include working so hard for
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development in terms of school, work, sports, extracurriculars, and other activities, which
Teenagers keep worrying about what is or is not happening since constant change
According to Smith (2021), the author also said this group Pressure lowers self-
Damm (2018), peer pressure defined as the actual experience of feeling forced to
According to Mah and ifender (2018), Students often set higher goals. for
excessive beliefs and expectations such as gifted students, about their academic ability for
research.
situations. However, there are many children are also under great stress.
According to Kudek et al. (2021), The mentality of the students is at risk about
being susceptible to peer pressure resulted that there is a difference in evaluating some
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methods and techniques to be used, study design, sample
sampling size, inclusion and exclusion, research instrument, specific procedure based on
study objectives, ethical considerations, and data analysis. Reseach is guided by the
question; “What are the effects of peer pressure on the student’s academic performance?”
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