HEALTH UNIT III:

PREVENTION, SAFETY, AND

FIRST AID FOR
UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
 INTRODUCTION
• “IT IS BETTER TO LOSE ONE MINUTE IN LIFE… THAN LOSE LIFE IN A MINUTE”
• – ANONYMOUS
• EVERY YEAR, ONE OUT OF FOUR PEOPLE EXPERIENCE A NONFATAL INJURY
THAT NEEDS MEDICAL CARE OR RESTRICTS ACTIVITY FOR AT LEAST A DAY.
ACCIDENTS MAY HAPPEN NO MATTER HOW CAREFUL YOU MAY BE. WHETHER
IT IS A MINOR OR A MORE SERIOUS SITUATION, KNOWLEDGE OF FIRST AID
WILL GIVE THE CONFIDENCE TO ACT. FIRST AID DOES NOT ONLY FACILITATE
RECOVERY BUT ALSO SAVES LIVES. YOU COULD MAKE THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH.
 OBJECTIVES

•A) IDENTIFY THE FIRST AID BASICS

•B) IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLES OF DRESSING AND
BANDAGING; AND
• C) DEMONSTRATE THE BANDAGING
TECHNIQUES
 COMMON UNINTENTIONAL
INJURIES
•MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES
ARE INJURIES THAT HARM THE MUSCLES,
LIGAMENTS, BONES, AND TENDONS.
USUALLY CAUSED BY ACCIDENTS WHILE
PLAYING SPORTS OR EVEN DURING
REGULAR.
 STRAIN
•STRAIN IS THE STRETCHING OR
TEARING OF MUSCLE OR TENDON,
A FIBROUS CORD OF TISSUE THAT
CONNECTS MUSCLES TO BONE
 SPRAIN
•SPRAIN IS A STRETCHING OR
TEARING OF LIGAMENTS. IT IS
MOST COMMONLY LOCATED
IN THE ANKLE.
 DISLOCATE
•A PLACE WHERE TWO OR MORE
BONES COME TOGETHER IN WHICH
THE ENDS OF YOUR BONES ARE
FORCED FROM THEIR NORMAL
POSITIONS.
 FRACTURE
•A FRACTURE IS A BROKEN
BONE THAT REQUIRES
MEDICAL ATTENTION.
 BLEEDING
APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE ON THE INJURED AREA.
PLACE A STERILE DRESSING OVER THE INJURY AND SECURE
WITH THE TAPE OR TIE JUST TIGHT ENOUGH TO CONTROL THE
BLEEDING
ELEVATE THE INJURED ARM, LEG, OR HEAD ABOVE THE LEVEL OF
THE HEART TO HELP CONTROL THE BLEEDING.
DO NOT ELEVATE OR MOVE AN AREA
 POISONING
• 1.SWALLOWED POISON
IF THE VICTIM IS UNCONSCIOUS, CALL FOR MEDICAL HELP. CALL 911
IF THE VICTIM IS CONSCIOUS, CALL THE POISON CONTROL CENTER FOR
INSTRUCTION.
LAY THE PERSON ON HIS OR HER LEFT SIDE TO KEEP THE WINDPIPE CLEAR
ESPECIALLY IF THE PERSON VOMITED. KEEP THE SAMPLE OF THE VOMIT IN A
POISON CONTAINER.
 POISONING
•2.INHALED POISON
PROTECT YOURSELF. MOVE THE PERSON OUTDOORS IF
YOU CAN FOR FRESH AIR. TRY NOT TO BREATHE THE
FUMES YOURSELF.
FOLLOW STEP 1 AND 2 FOR SWALLOWED POISON
 POISONING
• 3.CHEMICAL POISON ON SKIN
FLOOD THE SKIN WITH WATER FOR 5 OR MORE MINUTES.
REMOVE CLOTHING THAT WAS IN CONTACT WITH THE PERSON.
GENTLY WASH THE SKIN WITH SOAP AND WATER. RINSE WELL. ASK
FOR MEDICAL CARE.
 CHOKING
• HEIMLICH MANEUVER IS AN EMERGENCY TECHNIQUE TO
PREVENT SUFFOCATION WHEN THE PERSON’S AIRWAY OR
WINDPIPE IS BLOCKED BY A PIECE OF FOOD OR OBJECTS
• STAND BEHIND THE PERSON. WRAP YOUR ARMS AROUND HIS
OR HER WAIST. TIP HIM OR HER FORWARD SLIGHTLY.
•
 CHOKING
• MAKE A FIST WITH ONE HAND. POSITION IT SLIGHTLY
ABOVE THE PERSON’S NAVEL.
• GRASP THE FIST WITH THE OTHER HAND. HARDLY PRESS IN
THE ABDOMEN WITH A QUICK UPWARD THRUST.
• PERFORM 5 ABDOMINAL THRUST, IF NEEDED. IF THE
BLOCKING STILL IS
 BURN
FOR MINOR BURNS, CALM AND REASSURE THE VICTIM.
• REMOVE CLOTHING THAT IS NOT STRUCK TO THE BURN.
• COOL THE BURN BY USING COOL WATER, NOTICE.
• IF THE BURN IS CAUSED BY CHEMICALS, TAKE OFF ALL THE CLOTHES
THAT HAVE CHEMICAL ON THEM. HOLD THE BURNED SKIN UNDER
COOL RUNNING WATER FOR 10-15 MINUTES UNTIL IT DOES NOT
HURT AS MUCH.
 BURN
• CLEAN THE BURN GENTLY WITH SOAP AND WATER.
• DO NOT BREAK THE BLISTERS. AN OPEN BLISTER CAN GET
INFECTED
• PUT A THIN LAYER OF A BURN OINTMENT, OIL LOTION, OR
BUTTER
• IF NEEDED, PROTECT THE BURN WITH A STERILE NONSTICK
GAUZE LIGHTLY WRAPPED OVER IT.
 BANDAGING TECHNIQUES
• A.FOR THE HEAD
1.FOLD THE BASE BY AT LEAST TWO TO THREE INCHES.
2.PLACE THE FOLDED BASE ON THE EYEBROWS.
3.PULL THE BANDAGE BACK AND CROSS OF BOTH ENDS. TUCK THE APEX
INSIDE THE ENDS.
4.MAKE A SQUARE KNOT AT THE CENTER OF THE FOLDED BASE.
5.PULL DOWN APEX AND TUCK NEATLY INSIDE THE BANDAGE.
• B.FOR THE FOREHEAD
1.MAKE A CRAVAT BY CONTINUOUSLY FOLDING THE BASE OF THE
BANDAGE UNTIL YOU REACH THE APEX. MAKE SURE THAT THE FOLD IS
TWO TO THREE INCHES THICK.
2.PLACE THE CENTER OF THE CRAVAT ON TOP OF THE DRESSING OF
THE WOUND.
3.CROSS BOTH ENDS AND WRAP AROUND THE FOREHEAD.
4.MAKE A SQUARE KNOT WHEN BOTH ENDS REACH THE STARTING
POINT.
•C.FOR THE EAR, CHEEK, AND JAW
•1.MAKE A CRAVAT.
•2.PLACE THE CENTER OF THE CRAVAT ON TOP OF
THE DRESSING OF THE WOUND ON THE CHEEK.
•3.CROSS END OVER THE OTHER. PUT ONE END OVER
THE HEAD AND THE OTHER ON THE CHIN.
•4.BRING THE TWO ENDS BACK AT THE STARTING
POINT AND MAKE A SQUARE KNOT.
•D.FOR THE HAND
•1.PLACE THE INJURED HAND IN THE MIDDLE OF
THE TRIANGULAR BANDAGE.
•2.PULL THE APEX OVER THE FINGERS.
•3.CROSS THE TWO ENDS AND WRAP THEM
AROUND THE WRIST.
•MAKE A SQUARE KNOT.
• E.FOR THE ARM
• 1.FOLD THE BASE TO AT LEAST TWO TO THREE INCHES.
• 2.CLIP THE APEX ON THE UNDERARM OF THE INJURED ARM.
• 3.PLACE THE INJURED ARM OVER THE BANDAGE.
• 4.PULL UP THE LOWER END OF THE BANDAGE TO MAKE
AN ARM SLING.
• 5.MAKE A SQUARE KNOT AT THE NAPE.
• 6.HIDE THE APEX ON THE ELBOW.
• F.FOR THE SPRAINED ANKLE
• 1.USED ROLLED BANDAGE RATHER THAN A TRIANGULAR
ONE. A SPRAINED ANKLE NEEDS MORE BANDAGE.
• 2.ROLL THE BANDAGE ON TOP OF THE FOOT. MAKE
AROUND THREE TO FOUR ROLLS.
• 3.CROSS THE BANDAGE ON THE ANKLE THEN BACK ON
TOP OF THE FOOT. CONTINUE UNTIL YOU REACH THE
OTHER END.