Resources and Development ch1

10th - Social Studies
Ch 1 Resources and development

Q 1 MCQ
_____ owned resources which are accessible to all the members in the community.
(a) Family (b) Community
(c) Private (d) Government
Q 2 MCQ
__________ aimed at achieving global sustainable development.
(a) Agenda 24 (b) Agenda 21
c) Agenda 15 (d) Agenda 92
Q 3 MCQ
95% of our basic needs for food shelter and clothing are obtained from land.
(a) True (b) False
Q 4 MCQ
Afforestation and proper management is leading to increased land degradation in cities.
(a) True (b) False
Q 5 MCQ
Agenda 21 was signed in 1992 after world war for peace.
(a) True (b) False
Q 6 MCQ
Arrange the following in the correct sequence from bottom to top:
(i) Top soil. (ii) Unweathered parent bed rock (iii) Subsoil.
(iv) Substratum weathered parent rock.
(a) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) (b) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
(c) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii) (d) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
Q 7 MCQ
Arrange the following in the correct sequence:
(i) The Summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection
and Socio-Economic development at the global level.
(ii) The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for
achieving Sustainable Development in the 21st century.
(iii) The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological
Diversity.
(iv) In June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the first
International Earth Summit.
(a) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) (b) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(c) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv) (d) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
Q 8 MCQ
Arrange the following statements regarding Resource planning in India in the correct
sequence:
(i) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional
set up for implementing resource development plans.
(ii) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves
surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the
resources.
(iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.
(a) (i) (ii) (iii) (b) (iii) (i) (ii)
(c) (ii) (i) (iii) (d) (i) (iii) (ii)
Q 9 MCQ
Assertion (A) : India has varied relief features, landforms, climatic realms and vegetation
types.
Reason (R) : These have been deposited by three important Himalayan river systems - the
Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
( c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong. ( d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Q 10 MCQ
Assertion (A) : Resources are vital for human survival as well as for maintaining the quality
of life.
Reason (R) : It was believed that resources are free gifts of nature.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong. ( d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Q 11 MCQ
Assertion(A): Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help to some extent.
Reasoning(R): Planting of shelterbelts of plants, control on overgrazing, stabilization of sand
dunes by growing thorny bushes are some of the methods to check land degradation in arid
areas.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Q 12 MCQ
Assertion(A): Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile.
Reasoning(R): Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and
lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse
crops.
(c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true.
Q 13 MCQ
Assertion(A): Arid soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the
eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau.
Reasoning(R): Yellow and red soils are also found in parts of Odisha, Chattisgarh, southern
parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the piedmont zone of the Western Ghats.
Q 14 MCQ
Assertion(A): Laterite has been derived from the Latin word 'later' which means brick.
Reasoning(R): The Forest Soil develops under tropical and subtropical climates with alternate
wet and dry seasons.
Q 15 MCQ
Assertion(A): Resource Planning is a complex process which involves identification and
inventory of resources across the regions of the country.
Reason (R): This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and
measurement of the resources.
Q 16 MCQ
Assertion(A): The black soils are made up of extremely fine, i.e., clayey material.
Reasoning(R): They are well known for their capacity to hold dryness.
Q 17 MCQ
Black soil is also known as ________ soil.
(a) Red Soil (b) Alluvial Soil
(c) Arid Soil (d) Regur Soil
Q 18 MCQ
Black Soil is present in
(a) Bihar, Assam (b) Sikkim, Goa
(c) Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir (d) Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh
Q 19 MCQ
Which of the following soil is known dor its Capacity to hold moisture
(a) Red Soil ( b) Alluvial Soil
(c) Arid Soil ( d) Regur Soil
Q 20 MCQ
Choose the correct answer :
Resources are a function of:
(a) Wildlife (b) Resources
(c) Human activities (d) Stock Reserve
Q 21 MCQ
Resources obtained from biosphere and have life are called:
(a) National (b) Biotic
(c) Abiotic (d) Potential
Q 22 MCQ
What is required for sustained quality of life and global peace?
(a) Depletion of resources (b) Equitable distribution of resources
(c) Accumulation of resources (d) Stopping use of resources
Q 23 MCQ
Which of the following is not a classification of resources on the basis of its origin?
(a) Biotic (b) Abiotic
(c) Renewable
Q 24 MCQ
Which of the following is not an abiotic resource?
(a) Flora (b) Rocks
(c) Metals (d) Minerals
Q 25 MCQ
Choose the correct option:
"There is enough for everybody's need but not for anybody's greed" who said this?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) M.K. Gandhi
(c) Atal Bihari Vajpayee (d) Sunder Lal Bahuguna
Q 26 MCQ
Alluvial soil forms a great resource of which of the states?
(a) Gujarat, Rajasthan (b) Odisha, Chhattisgarh
(c) Karnataka, Punjab (d) Maharashtra, Bengal
Q 27 MCQ
Arid soil is an important feature of which of the following regions?
(a) Maharashtra (b) Himalayan Region
(c) Western Rajasthan (d) Northern Plains
Q 28 MCQ
Black soil is most commonly found in?
(a) Western Rajasthan (b) Northern Plains
(c) Himalayan Region (d) Maharashtra
Q 29 MCQ
In which one of the following states, terrace cultivation practiced?
(a) Punjab (b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(c) Uttarakhand (d) Haryana
Q 30 MCQ
Laterite soil is most commonly found in?
(a) Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh (b) Gujarat, Bengal
(c) Maharashtra, Goa (d) Kerala, Karnataka
Q 31 MCQ
Red and Yellow soil can be majorly found in which of the following states?
(a) Karnataka, Bengal (b) Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh
(c) Odisha, Chhattisgarh (d) Maharashtra, Haryana
Q 32 MCQ
The states of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra are known to have which type of soil?
(a) Alluvial soil (b) Black soil
(c) Laterite soil (d) Red soil
Q 33 MCQ
Which of the following is an example of Cultivable Wasteland?
(a) Gross cropped area (b) Uncultivable land for more than 5 agricultural years.
(c) Barren wasteland (d) Current fallow land
Q 34 MCQ
Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore?
(a) Renewable (b) Biotic
(c) Flow (d) Non-renewable
Q 35 MCQ
Which type of soil can be majorly found in the Himalayan Region?
(a) Forest soil (b) Black soil
(c) Arid soil (d) Alluvial soil
Q 36 MCQ
Which type of soil is an important feature of the Northern Plains?
(a) Black soil (b) Alluvial soil
(c) Arid soil (d) Forest soil
Q 37 MCQ
Under which of the following tidal energy can be put?
(a) Replenishable (b) Human-made
(c) Abiotic (d) Non-recyclable
Q 38 MCQ
Choose the correct option: A type of non-renewable resource.
(a) Solar Energy (b) Minerals
(c) Water (d) Wind energy
Q 39 MCQ
Choose the correct option: Intensively leached soils of the monsoon climate.
(a) Laterite soil (b) Black soil
(c) Red soil (d) Alluvial soil
Q 40 MCQ
Choose the correct option: Natural endowment in the form of land, water, vegetation and
minerals.
(a) Resource (b) Energy
(c) Fossil fuel (d) Nuclear Power
Q 41 MCQ
Choose the correct option: Plantation of trees on a large scale to check soil erosion.
(a) Deforestation (b) Terrace farming
(c) Afforestation (d) Reforestation
Q 42 MCQ
Choose the correct option: Soil with high water retaining capacity.
(a) Red soil (b) Black soil
(c) Alluvial soil (d) Laterite soil
Q 43 MCQ
Choose the correct option: The Northen Plains of India are made up of these soils.
(a) Mountain soil (b) Black soil
(c) Red soil (d) Alluvial soil
Q 44 MCQ
Choose the correct statement.
(a) The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical
processes are known as non-renewable resources.
(b) The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical
processes are known as renewable resources.
(c) The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical
processes are known as chemical resources.
Q 45 MCQ
(a) Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. (b) Soil is the most important non-
renewable natural resource.
(c) Air is the most important biotic resource.
Q 46 MCQ
Choose the correct statement regarding problems related to resource development
(a) Depletion of resources for dissatisfying the greed of a few individuals.
(b) Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of a few individuals.
(c) Reuse of resources for satisfying the greed of a few individuals.
Q 47 MCQ
(a) The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with water resources but lacks in solar and
wind energy.
(b) The state of Bihar is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water
resources.
(c) The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water
resources.
Q 48 MCQ
(a) Developed resources are found in a region, but have been utilised.
(b) Potential resources are found in a region, but have been utilised.
(c) Potential resources are found in a region, but have not been utilised.
Q 49 MCQ
(a) Reserves are the subset of stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing
technical 'know-how' but their use has not started.
(b) Stocks are the subset of reserves, which can be put into use with the help of existing
technical 'know-how' but their use has started.
(c) Reserves are stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technical 'know-
how' but their use has started.
Q 50 MCQ
(a) According to the age of the alluvial soil (Khadar) is new alluvial soil.
(b) According to the age of the alluvial soil (Bangar) is new alluvial soil.
(c) According to the age of the alluvial soil (Khadar) is old alluvial soil.
(d) According to the age of the alluvial soil (Khadar) is new red soil.
Q 51 MCQ
(a) Human beings do not transform material available in our environment into food and use
them.
(b) Human beings transform material available in our environment into resources and use
them.
(c) Human beings do not transform material available in our environment into fuel and use
them.
(d) Human beings transform material available in our environment into wasteland and use
them.
Q 52 MCQ
(a) In January 1992, more than 200 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the
first International Earth Summit.
(b) In January 1992, more than 200 heads of states met in Tokyo in Japan, for the first
International Earth Summit
(c) In June 1992, more than 200 heads of states met in Frankfurt in Germany, for the first
(d) In June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the first
Q 53 MCQ
Choose the incorrect statement.
(a) Ladakh is a hot desert. (b) Ladakh has very rich cultural heritage.
(c) Ladakh has sufficient water and vital minerals. (d) Ladakh is isolated from the rest of the
country.
Q 54 MCQ
Choose the incorrect statement.
(a) Alluvial soil is highly infertile. (b) Alluvial soil is highly fertile.
(c) Alluvial soil is deficient in organic matter. (d) Alluvial soil is rich in sand and silt.
Q 55 MCQ
Complete the sentence:
'Small is Beautiful' is a book written by ________ based on ________ philosophy.
(a) Gandhi, Indian (b) Tagore, Indian
(c) Schumacher, Gandhian (d) Nehru, Gandhian
Q 56 MCQ
Resources found in a region that have not been utilized, are called ________ .
(a) Potential resources. (b) Renewable resources.
(c) Natural resources. (d) Non-renewable resources.
Q 57 MCQ
The first International Earth Summit, 1992 was held at ________ in ________.
(a) Brussels, Belgium. (b) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
(c) Sydney, Australia. (d) Hague, Switzerland.
Q 58 MCQ
________ is generally sandy in texture and saline in nature.
(a) Alluvial soil (b) Arid soil
(c) Laterite soil (d) Forest soil
Q 59 MCQ
The ________ consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay.
(a) Forest soil. (b) Red soil.
(c) Black soil. (d) Alluvial soil
Q 60 MCQ
Everything available in our environment to satisfy our needs is known as:
(a) Technology (b) Resource
(c) Natural Vegetation (d) Ores
Q 61 MCQ
Fallow land is the land put to agricultural use and for grazing.
(a) True (b) False
Q 62 MCQ
Give one feature of forest soil?
(a) They are acidic with low humus content. (b) They are acidic with high humus content.
(c) They are acidic with no humus content. (d) They are black in colour.
Q 63 MCQ
Which of the following has high content of salt:
(a) Red Soil (b) Laterite Soil
(c) Black Soil (d) Arid Soil
Q 64 MCQ
Higher concentration of kankar modules:
(a) Khadar Soil (b) Bangar Soil
(c) Laterite soil (d) Regur Soil
Q 65 MCQ
How are resources classified on the basis of origin?
(a) Renewable and non-renewable resources. (b) Biotic and abiotic resources.
Q 66 MCQ
How does land degradation occurs?
(a) Continuous use of land for a long period of time without taking proper measures to
conserve and manage it.
(b) Non-continuous use of land for a long period of time without taking proper measures to
preserve it.
(c) Continuous use of land for a long period of time with taking proper measures to preserve
it.
(d) No use of land for a long period of time without taking proper measures to preserve it.
Q 67 MCQ
How does soil erosion takes place due to defective methods of farming?
(a) Ploughing along the vertical lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
(b) Ploughing in the right way.
(c) Ploughing in the wrong way. (d) Harvesting of crops in the wrong way.
Q 68 MCQ
How is cement industry responsible for land degradation?
(a) The land degradation is caused by sand mining for cement industry.
(b) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for the cement industry is responsible
for land degradation.
(c) Cement industry dumps its industrial waste into nearby lands which in turn leads to land
degradation.
(d) The mineral processing like extracting aluminium for cement industry is responsible for
land degradation.
Q 69 MCQ
How is soil eroded?
(a) Soil is eroded by activities done by other planets. (b) Soil is eroded by animal activities
only.
(c) Soil is eroded by human activities like deforestation, overgrazing, construction and
mining, etc. Natural Forces like wind, glacier and water also lead to soil erosion.
(d) Soil is eroded by birds only.
Q 70 MCQ
How is over irrigation responsible for land degradation in Punjab?
(a) It is because of waterlogging caused by over irrigation which increases soil salinity and
alkalinity.
(b) It is because of over irrigation which causes the land to dry up quickly.
(c) It is because of over irrigation which leads to soil erosion.
(d) It is because of over irrigation which leads to increased productivity of the land.
Q 71 MCQ
In which of the following states is black soil found?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir (b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan (d) Jharkhand
Q 72 MCQ
In which regions are laterite soils formed?
(a) Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai. (b) Telangana, Goa, Kerala.
(c) Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, M.P., and the hilly areas of Odisha and Assam.
(d) Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai.
Q 73 MCQ
In which regions of India, 'the Black Soil' is found?
(a) Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai. (b) Maharashtra, Saurashtra, MP, Chattisgarh, Malwa.
(c) Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai. (d) Telangana, Goa, Kerala.
Q 74 MCQ
In which states, the land is degraded due to mining?
(a) Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai. (b) Jharkhand, Madhya pradesh, Odisha.
Q 75 MCQ
In which states, the land is degraded due to over irrigation?
(a) Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh. (b) Jharkhand, Madhya pradesh, Odisha.
Q 76 MCQ
Judicious use of resources is generally called the Development of Resources.
(a) True (b) False
Q 77 MCQ
Minerals and fuels are examples of _________ resources.
(a) Renewable (b) Non-renewable
(c) recyclable (d) potential
Q 78 MCQ
Name the main crop which is mainly grown in black soil.
(a) Mustard (b) Wheat
(c) Cotton (d) Barley
Q 79 MCQ
which of the followinf is a Natural resource:
(a) Land (b) Concrete
(c) Plastic (d) Paper
Q 80 MCQ
On the basis of its origin, resources can be classified into which two types?
(a) Renewable and non-renewable (b) Continuous and biological
(c) Biotic and abiotic (d) Recyclable and non-recyclable
Q 81 MCQ
Red Laterite Soil found in
(a) Bihar (b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Haryana (d) Sikkim
Q 82 MCQ
Resource planning is essential for _______ existence of all forms of life.
(a) Ecological balance (b) Sustainable
(c) Exploitation (d) None of these
Q 83 MCQ
Resources are _________ accessible, economically and _________ acceptable.
(a) Technologically, socially (b) Socially, technologically
(c) Technologically, culturally (d) Culturally, technologically
Q 84 MCQ
What is Sheet Erosion?
(a) Top soil is washed away (b) Deep channel is washed away
(c) No soil is washed away (d) Soil conservation
Q 85 MCQ
Solar and wind energy
(a) Biotic resources (b) Non-renewable resources
(c) Renewable resources (d) Both 1 and 3
Q 86 MCQ
Who wrote the book "Small is Beautiful:"?
(a) Leo Briggs (b) Leopold
(c) Schumacher (d) Kohler
Q 87 MCQ
State if True or False:
Alluvial soil consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay.
(a) True (b) False
Q 88 MCQ
Alluvial soil is highly infertile.
(a) True (b) False
Q 89 MCQ
Alluvial soil is poor in potash, phosphoric acid and lime.
(a) True (b) False
Q 90 MCQ
Alluvial soil is rich in organic matter.
(a) True (b) False
Q 91 MCQ
Contour ploughing is a measure for soil conservation.
(a) True (b) False
Q 92 MCQ
Plants are examples of abiotic resources.
(a) True (b) False
Q 93 MCQ
Strip cropping is a soil conservation measure.
(a) True (b) False
Q 94 MCQ
Terrace farming is a measure for ploughing.
(a) True (b) False
Q 95 MCQ
Afforestation is a not a measure for soil conservation.
(a) True (b) False
Q 96 MCQ
Biotic Resources are derived from organic material with life.
(a) True (b) False
Q 97 MCQ
Fisheries is an example of Renewable Resource.
(a) True (b) False
Q 98 MCQ
Fossil fuel is an example of Renewable Resources.
(a) True (b) False
Q 99 MCQ
House is an example of Individual Resources.
(a) True (b) False
Q 100 MCQ
Railways is an example of National Resources.
(a) True (b) False
Q 101 MCQ
Abiotic Resources are resources without life.
(a) True (b) False
Q 102 MCQ
Sun is an example of biotic resources.
(a) True (b) False
Q 103 MCQ
The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles belong to open ocean and no individual
country can utilise these resources. Such are _________ resources.
(a) Potential (b) National
(c) International (d) Economic
Q 104 MCQ
The resources which can be renewed are called _________.
(a) Renewable resources (b) Recyclable resources
(c) Biotic resources (d) Abiotic resources
Q 105 MCQ
Uncultivated land: also known as
(a) Desert (b) Fallow land
(c) Grassland (d) Arid land
Q 106 MCQ
Uncultivated land: also known as
(a) Replenishable (b) Abiotic
(c) Human-made (d) Non-recyclable
Q 107 MCQ
Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put?
(a) Replenishable (b) Human-made
(c) Abiotic (d) Non-recyclable
Q 108 MCQ
What are national resources?
(a) All the resources available in the world like minerals, wildlife, roads, etc.
(b) All the resources available in a nation like minerals, wildlife, roads, etc.
(c) All the resources available in a state like minerals, wildlife, roads, etc.
(d) All the resources available in an island like minerals, wildlife, roads, etc.
Q 109 MCQ
Which of the following can be classified as resources on the basis of ownership?
(a) Plantation (b) Pasture Land
(c) Ponds (d) All of the above
Q 110 MCQ
What are the resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been
determined for utilisation called?
(a) Potential resources (b) Stock resources
(c) Developed resources (d) Reserves
Q 111 MCQ
What do you mean by sustainable development?
(a) The development that takes place in a long time.
(b) The development that takes place without damaging the environment in order to conserve
them for the future generations.
(c) The development that takes place without damaging the sun.
(d) The development that takes place with damaging the environment.
Q 112 MCQ
What is Bangar?
(a) Another name for Black Soil. (b) Forest Soil.
(c) New Alluvial Soil. (d) Old Alluvial Soil with high concentration of kanker
nodules.
Q 113 MCQ
What is contour ploughing?
(a) Ploughing along the vertical lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
(b) Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
(c) Ploughing along the high lines can acelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
(d) Ploughing along the lower regions can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
Q 114 MCQ
What is Gross Cropped Area?
(a) Actual Area under cultivation along with the fallow land, which is left uncultivated for
fertility.
(b) Fallow land, which is left uncultivated for fertility.
(c) The area where terrace farming is practiced. ( d) Unculturable area of land
Q 115 MCQ
What is Khadar?
(a) New Alluvial Soil with more fine particles and is more fertile than Bangar.
(b) Another name for Black Soil.
(c) Old cultivable soil with high concentration of kanker nodules.
(d) New Alluvial Soil with thicker particles than Bangar.
Q 116 MCQ
What is Net Sown Area?
(a) Fallow land in Northern India. (b) Uncultivable area of land.
(c) Actual area under cultivation. (d) The area where terrace farming is practiced.
Q 117 MCQ
What is soil erosion?
(a) The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down.
(b) The soil becoming of good quality again.
(c) Making soil good enough for future cultivation. ( d) Degrading of soil quality everyday.
Q 118 MCQ
What is the importance of land as a natural resource?
(a) People can build houses on the land. (b) Animals can sleep on the land.
(c) Land supports natural vegetation, human life, economic activities, transport, etc.
(d) Land supports agriculture.
Q 119 MCQ
What is the role of human beings in the development of a resource?
(a) They transform the material available in our environment into resources and use them.
(b) They promote the cutting of trees.
(c) They degrade the environment. (d) They take environment material and don't use them.
Q 120 MCQ
What is the term given to land left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural
year?
(a) Cultural wasteland (b) Current fallow land
(c) Wasteland (d) Grassland
Q 121 MCQ
What is waste land?
(a) It is the area where cultivation can take place. (b) Its is a very fertile area.
(c) Rocky, desert, non agricultural area that is put to other uses.
(d) Rocky area that consists of a large amount of black soil.
Q 122 MCQ
What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
(a) Shelterbelt Plantation (b) Terrace Farming
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Overgrazing
Q 123 MCQ
What type of resources are the Geothermal energy in Puga valley and Parvati valley?
(a) Stock resources (b) Developed resources
(c) Reserve resources (d) Potential resources
Q 124 MCQ
What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast?
(a) Alluvial Soil (b) Regur Soil
(c) Red Soil (d) Clayey Soil
Q 125 MCQ
What was Agenda 21 of Earth Summit Of Rio De Janeiro?
(a) The agenda was to combat environmental damage, disease and poverty through global
cooperation.
(b) The agenda was to combat environmental damage, disease and poverty through
dictatorship.
(c) The agenda was to combat environmental damage, disease and poverty through civil war.
(d) The agenda was to combat environmental damage, disease and poverty through
sustainable development.
Q 126 MCQ
When and where was the first International Earth Summit held?
(a) Japan, 1992 (b) Rio de Janeiro, 1992
(c) Rio de Janeiro, 1996 (d) Venice, 1993
Q 127 MCQ
Where was the first international Earth Summit held?
(a) Rio de Janeiro (b) Geneva
(c) Switzerland (d) Philippines
Q 128 MCQ
Which cold desert is relatively isolated from the rest of the country?
(a) Thar. (b) Gobi.
(c) Sahara. (d) Ladakh.
Q 129 MCQ
Which factors help in the formation of soil?
(a) Season and climate. (b) Forms of life.
(c) Relief, parent rock, climate, vegetation, other forms of life and time.
(d) Other parent rock.
Q 130 MCQ
Which of the following is not a measure for soil conservation?
(a) Strip cropping (b) Terrace cultivation
(c) Shelterbelts (d) Overdrawing of groundwater
Q 131 MCQ
Which one of the following is an example of non-renewable resources?
(a) Coal/ Minerals. (b) Wind Energy/ Coal.
(c) Biogas/ Bauxite. (d) Tidal Energy/ Water.
Q 132 MCQ
Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive cultivation (b) Deforestation
(c) Over Irrigation (d) Overgrazing
Q 133 MCQ
Which resources are community owned resources?
(a) Resources which are accessible to all members of the community.
(b) Resources that are accessible to rich individuals of the community.
(c) Resources which are owned by private individuals of the community for their private
purposes.
(d) Resources which are not accessible to the community,
Q 134 MCQ
Which type of soil is made up of lava flows?
(a) Alluvial soil. (b) Red soil.
(c) Black soil. (d) Laterite soil.
Q 135 MCQ
Why is alluvial soil known as fertile soil?
(a) It contains adequate proportions of potash, lime and phosphoric acid.
(b) It contains large amount of acids.
(c) It contains large amount of lime. (d) It contains large amount of earthworms.
Q 136 MCQ
Why is hummus content low in laterite soil?
(a) Because of global warming.
(b) Because most of the microorganisms get destroyed due to high temperature.
(c) Because of animal activities. (d) Because of industrialization.
Q 137 MCQ
Why is soil considered as an important resource?
(a) Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. It is the medium of plant growth
and supports different types of living organisms on the earth.
(b) Soil is the most important non-renewable natural resource. It is the medium of plant
growth and supports different types of living organisms on the earth.
(c) Soil is the most important non-renewable natural resource. It is not the medium of plant
growth and supports different types of living organisms on the earth.
(d) Soil is the most important human-made resource. It is not the medium of plant growth and
doesn't support different types of living organisms on the earth.
Start of case study (Q1-Q4)

Case Study 4 Marks
Arid soils range from red to brown in colour. They are generally sandy in texture and saline
in nature. In some areas the salt content is very high and common salt is obtained by
evaporating the water. Due to the dry climate, high temperature, evaporation is faster and the
soil lacks humus and moisture. The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar
because of the increasing calcium content downwards. The Kankar layer formations in the
bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of water. After proper irrigation these soils become
cultivable as has been in the case of western Rajasthan.
Q 1 MCQ 1 Marks
What are the two components lacked by dry climate and high temperature?
(a) It lacks humus and moisture. (b) It lacks humus and colour.
(c) It lacks moisture and colour. (d) It is totally deprived of calcium and salinity.
Q 2 MCQ 1 Marks
The lower horizons of the soil is occupied by what and why?
(a) The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Terai plains because of the increasing
calcium content downwards.
(b) The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar because of the increasing calcium
content downwards.
(c) The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Bhabar because of the increasing calcium
content downwards.
(d) The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar because of the decreasing calcium
content downwards.
Q 3 MCQ 1 Marks
What does the Kankar layer formation restrict in the bottom horizons?
(a) The Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of calcium.
(b) The Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of mangroves.
(c) The Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of water.
(d) The Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of air.
Q 4 MCQ 1 Marks
Which among the following statements best describes the nature of arid soil?
(a) Arid soils are generally clayey in texture and saline in nature.
(b) Arid soils are generally sandy in texture and nonsaline in nature.
(c) Arid soils are generally grainy in texture and saline in nature.
(d) Arid soils are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature.
End of case study (Q1-Q4)
Case Study 4 Marks
Agenda-21:
It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development (UNCED), which took place at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It aims
at achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat environmental
damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and
shared responsibilities. One major objective of the Agenda 21 is that every local government
should draw its own local Agenda 21.
Q 5 MCQ 1 Marks
What was the aim of signing Agenda 21 by world leaders?
(a) Agenda 21 aims at achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat
environmental damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common interest,
mutual needs and shared responsibilities.
(b) Agenda 21 aims at achieving global economic prosperity. It is an agenda to combat
(c) Agenda 21 aims at achieving universal education. It is an agenda to combat environmental
damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common interest, mutual needs and
shared responsibilities.
(d) Agenda 21 aims at ending global poverty. It is an agenda to combat environmental
Q 6 MCQ 1 Marks
When and where was Agenda 21 signed by world leaders?
(a) It was signed in 1991 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (b) It was signed in 1992 in Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil.
(c) It was signed in 1994 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (d) It was signed in 1993 in Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil.
Q 7 MCQ 1 Marks
Agenda 21 declaration was signed in which of the following conference?
(a) It was signed at the United Nations Conference on Environmental Protection (UNCEP).
(b) It was signed at the United Nations Conference on Conservation of
Biodiversity(UNCCB).
(c) It was signed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
(UNCED).
(d) It was signed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Climate
Change(UNCECC).
Q 8 MCQ 1 Marks
Which among the following was one of the major objectives of the Agenda 21?
(a) The declaration wanted every state government to draw its own global Agenda 24.
(b) The declaration wanted every national government to draw its own local Agenda 21.
(c) The declaration wanted every state government to draw its own global Agenda 21.
(d) The declaration wanted every local government to draw its own local Agenda 21.
Case Study 4 Marks
Resources are vital for any developmental activity. But irrational consumption and over-
utilization of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems. To
overcome these problems, resource conservation at various levels is important. This had been
the main concern of the leaders and thinkers in the past. For example, Gandhiji was very apt
in voicing his concern about resource conservation in these words: "There is enough for
everybody's need and not for anybody's greed." He placed the greedy and selfish individuals
and exploitative nature of modern technology as the root cause for resource depletion at the
global level. He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by
the masses.
Q 9 MCQ 1 Marks
What was the message of Gandhiji about conservation of resources?
(a) Gandhiji said: "There is enough for everybody's need and not for anybody's greed."
(b) Gandhiji said: "There is enough for everybody's need and not for anybody's economic
growth."
(c) Gandhiji said: "There is enough for everybody's need and not for anybody's exploitation."
(d) Gandhiji said: "There is enough for everybody's need and not for anybody's political
growth."
Q 10 MCQ 1 Marks
Why are resources important?
(a) Resources are vital because they form the basis for any agricultural activity.
(b) Resources are vital because they form the basis for any developmental activity.
(c) Resources are vital because they form the basis for all economic activity.
(d) Resources are vital because they form the basis for all forms of employment generation.
Q 11 MCQ 1 Marks
What has led to socio-economic and environmental problems?
(a) Rational consumption and proper-utilization of resources has led to socio-economic and
environmental problems.
(b) Irrational consumption and proper-utilization of resources has led to socio-economic and
(c) Irrational consumption and overutilization of resources has led to socio-economic
and environmental problems.
(d) Rational consumption and overutilization of resources has led to socio-economic and
Q 12 MCQ 1 Marks
How can we overcome the socio-economic and environmental problems arising out of
irrational consumption of resources?
(a) Resource mismanagement at various levels can help us overcome these problems.
(b) Over-utilization of resources at various levels can help us overcome these problems.
(c) Resource exploitation at various levels can help us overcome these problems.
(d) Resource conservation at various levels can help us overcome these problems.
Case Study 4 Marks
The use of land is determined both by physical factors such as topography, climate, soil types
as well as human factors such as population density, technological capability and culture and
traditions etc. Total geographical area of India is 3.28 million sq km. Land use data, however,
is available only for 93 per cent of the total geographical area because the land use reporting
for most north-east states except Assam has not been done fully. Moreover, some areas of
Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and China have also not yet been surveyed.
Q 13 MCQ 1 Marks
How is the use of land determined?
(a) The use of land is determined both by physical factors such as topography, climate, soil
types as well as human factors such as population density, technological capability and
culture and traditions etc.
(b) The use of land is determined both by economic factors such as topography, climate, soil
(c) The use of land is determined both by sentimental factors like topography, climate, soil
(d) The use of land is determined both by physical factors such as topography, climate, soil
types as well as economic factors such as population density, technological capability and
Q 14 MCQ 1 Marks
What is the total geographical area of India?
(a) 1.28 million sq km (b) 3.28 million sq.km
(c) 2.28 million sq.km (d) 6 million sq.km
Q 15 MCQ 1 Marks
What percentage of the total geographical area has been measured to tabulated the land use
data?
(a) Only 13% of total geographical area has been measured to calculate the land use data.
(b) Only 99% of total geographical area has been measured to calculate the land use data.
(c) Only 93% of total geographical area has been measured to calculate the land use data.
(d) Only 53% of total geographical area has been measured to calculate the land use data.
Q 16 MCQ 1 Marks
Why is the land use data unavailable for the entire geographical location of India?
(a) It is because the land use reporting for most northeast states except Meghalaya has not
been done fully. And some areas of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and China
have also not yet been surveyed.
(b) It is because the land use reporting for most northeast states except Mizoram has not been
done fully. And some areas of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and China have
also not yet been surveyed.
(c) It is because the land use reporting for most northeast states except Nagaland has not been
(d) It is because the land use reporting for most northeast states except Assam has not been
Case Study 4 Marks
Resources are vital for human survival as well as for maintaining the quality of life. It was
believed that resources are free gifts of nature. As a result, human beings used them
indiscriminately and this has led to the following major problems.
1. Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of a few individuals.
2. Accumulations of resources in few hands, which, in turn, divided the society into two
segments i.e. haves and have nots or rich and poor.
3. Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global
warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation. An equitable
distribution of resources has become essential for a sustained quality of life and global peace.
If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals and countries continues, the
future of our planet is in danger. Therefore, resource planning is essential for sustainable
existence of all forms of life. Sustainable existence is a component of sustainable
development.
Q 17 MCQ 1 Marks
Why are resources vital?
(a) Resources are vital for human survival as well as for maintaining the quality of life.
(b) Resources are vital for economy as well as for maintaining the quality of life.
(c) Resources are vital for human survival as well as for maintaining a poor quality of life.
(d) Resources are vital for animal survival as well as for maintaining the quality of life.
Q 18 MCQ 1 Marks
Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has lead to which type of problems?
(a) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global
warming, afforestation, environmental pollution and land degradation.
(b) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global
warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.
(c) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global
warming, recycling of plastics, environmental pollution and land degradation.
(d) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global
warming, rain water conservation, environmental pollution and land degradation.
Q 19 MCQ 1 Marks
Why do you think that an equitable distribution of resources has become essential? Why will
our planet be in danger?
(a) An equitable distribution of resources has become essential for a sustained quality of life
and global peace. If the present trend of resource conservation by a few individuals and
countries continues, the future of our planet is in danger.
(b) An equitable distribution of resources has become essential for a sustained quality of life
and global peace. If the present trend of resource depletion by the poor countries continues,
the future of our planet is in danger.
(c) An equitable distribution of resources has become essential for a sustained quality of life
and global peace. If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals and countries
continues, the future of our planet is in danger.
(d) An equitable distribution of resources has become essential for luxurious and
sophisticated quality of life. If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals
and countries continues, the future of our planet is in danger.
Q 20 MCQ 1 Marks
Which among the following is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life?
(a) Disaster Management is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life.
(b) Solid waste management is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life.
(c) Over-utilising resources is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life.
(d) Resource planning is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life.
Case Study 4 Marks
Black Soil:
These soils are black in colour and are also known as regur soils. Black soil is ideal for
growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil. It is believed that climatic condition
along with the parent rock material are the important factors for the formation of black soil.
This type of soil is typical of the Deccan trap (Basalt) region spread over north west
Deccan plateau and is made up of lava flows. They cover the plateaus of Maharashtra,
Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh and extend in the south east direction
along the Godavari and Krishna valleys.
Q 21 MCQ 1 Marks
How is black soil formed?
(a) It is believed that climatic condition along with the parent rock material are the important
factors for the formation of black soil.
(b) It is believed that climatic condition along with the altitude of the place are the important
(c) It is believed that climatic condition along with the distance from the coast are the
important factors for the formation of black soil.
(d) It is believed that climatic condition along with the population density of a particular area
are the important factors for the formation of black soil.
Q 22 MCQ 1 Marks
Black soil is also known by which of the following names?
(a) It is also known as yellow soil. (b) It is also known as regur soil.
(c) It is also known as red soil. (d) It is also known as laterite soil.
Q 23 MCQ 1 Marks
Black soil is found along with which of the following valleys?
(a) It is found along the Godavari and the Kaveri valleys. (b) It is found along the Godavari
and the Narmada valleys.
(c) It is found along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys.
(d) It is found along the Godavari and the Mahanadi valleys.
Q 24 MCQ 1 Marks
Black soil is made up of which of the following?
(a) Black soil is made up of mineral deposits. (b) Black soil is made up of fine sand.
(c) Black soil is made up of rock deposits. (d) Black soil is made up of lava flows.
Case Study 4 Marks
Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of
potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat
and other cereal and pulse crops. Due to its high fertility, regions of alluvial soils are
intensively cultivated and dense populated. Soils in the drier areas are more alkaline and can
be productive after proper treatment and irrigation.
Q 25 MCQ 1 Marks
Why are alluvial soils as a whole very fertile?
(a) Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of
and other cereal and pulse crops.
(b) Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. Mostly these soils contain inadequate proportion
of potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy,
wheat and other cereal and pulse crops.
(c) Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of
potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are not ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy,
(d) Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion
of potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of millet and cotton.
Q 26 MCQ 1 Marks
Why are regions of alluvial soils intensively cultivated?
(a) The regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated because of its poor fertility.
(b) The regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated because of its high fertility.
(c) The regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated because it holds up more moisture.
(d) The regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated because it prevents land
degradation.
Q 27 MCQ 1 Marks
How does the fertility of alluvial soil impact population distribution in the country?
(a) The high fertility of the alluvial soil is the reason behind the scarce population in these
areas.
(b) The low fertility of the alluvial soil is the reason behind the dense population in these
areas.
(c) The high fertility of the alluvial soil is the reason behind the dense population in these
areas.
(d) The low fertility of the alluvial soil is the reason behind the scarce population in these
areas.
Q 28 MCQ 1 Marks
How can alluvial soils in the drier areas be made productive?
(a) They can be made productive if alternate methods to irrigation is applied.
(b) They can be made productive with over irrigation.
(c) They can be made productive with reduced irrigation.
(d) They can be made productive after proper treatment and irrigation.
Case Study 4 Marks
Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and
southern parts of the Deccan plateau. Yellow and red soils are also found in parts of Odisha,
Chattisgarh, southern parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the piedmont zone of the
Western Ghats. These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in
crystalline and metamorphic rocks. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.
Q 29 MCQ 1 Marks
What is the reason behind their representative colours in red and yellow soils?
(a) These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and
metamorphic rocks. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.
(b) These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of copper in crystalline and
(c) These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of lead in crystalline and
(d) These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of tin in crystalline and
Q 30 MCQ 1 Marks
Red soil develops in areas having which of the following rainfall pattern?
(a) Red soils develops in areas receiving high rainfall.
(b) Red soils develops in areas receiving low rainfall.
(c) Red soils develops in areas receiving abundant rainfall.
(d) Red soils develops in areas receiving no rainfall.
Q 31 MCQ 1 Marks
Red soil develops on what type of rocks?
(a) Red soil develops on metamorphic rocks. (b) Red soil develops on oceanic rocks.
(c) Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks.
(d) Red soil develops on mountainous rocks.
Q 32 MCQ 1 Marks
When does the red soil look yellow?
(a) Red soil looks yellow when it occurs in a wellmaintained form.
(b) Red soil looks yellow when it occurs in a pigmented form.
(c) Red soil looks yellow when it occurs in a dehydrated form.
(d) Red soil looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.
Case Study 4 Marks
We have shared our land with the past generations and will have to do so with the future
generations too. Ninety-five percent of our basic needs for food, shelter and clothing are
obtained from land. Human activities have not only brought about degradation of land but
have also aggravated the pace of natural forces to cause damage to land. Some human
activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed
significantly in land degradation. Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is
complete leaving deep scars and traces of over-burdening. In states like Jharkhand,
Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to mining have caused severe
land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. In the states of Punjab, Haryana,
western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water
logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. The mineral processing like
grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry
generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water
into the soil after it settles down on the land. In recent years, industrial effluents as waste
have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country. There
are many ways to solve the problems of land degradation. Afforestation and proper
management of grazing can help to some extent. Planting of shelterbelts of plants, control on
overgrazing, stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes are some of the methods to
check land degradation in arid areas. Proper management of waste lands,
control of mining activities, proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes
after treatment can reduce land and water degradation in industrial and suburban areas.
Q 33 MCQ 1 Marks
With whom do we share our land?
(a) We have shared our land with the past generations only and hence we need not have any
resource to be shared with the future generations.
(b) We have shared our land with the past generations and will have to do so with the future
generations too.
(c) We have not shared our land with the past generations and but will have to do so with the
future generations.
(d) We have not shared our land with the past generations or will have to do so with the
future generations.
Q 34 MCQ 1 Marks
Name some Indian states which are deforested due to mining and overgrazing activities.
(a) In states like Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to
overgrazing have caused severe land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh and Maharashtra mining is one of the main reasons for land degradation.
(b) In states like Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to
mining have caused severe land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh and Maharashtra deforestation is one of the main reasons for land degradation.
(c) In states like Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to
Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation.
(d) In states like Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to
mining have caused severe land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation.
Q 35 MCQ 1 Marks
What harm does the mineral Processing and cement industry do to the environment and
land?
(a) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and
soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the
process of infiltration of effluents into the soil after it settles down on the land.
(b) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and
process of infiltration of minerals into the soil after it settles down on the land.
(c) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and
process of infiltration of air into the soil after it settles down on the land.
(d) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and
process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land.
Q 36 MCQ 1 Marks
What are the possible measures to solve the problems of land degradation?
(a) Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help resolve the problems of land
degradation.
(b) Deforestation and proper management of grazing can help resolve the problems of land
degradation.
(c) Afforestation and improper management of grazing can help resolve the problems of land
degradation.
(d) Deforestation and improper management of grazing can help resolve the problems of land
degradation.
Case Study 4 Marks
Arid soils range from red to brown in colour. They are generally sandy in texture and saline
in nature. In some areas the salt content is very high and common salt is obtained by
evaporating the water. Due to the dry climate, high temperature, evaporation is faster and the
soil lacks humus and moisture. The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar
because of the increasing calcium content downwards. The Kankar layer formations in the
bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of water. After proper irrigation these soils become
cultivable as has been in the case of western Rajasthan.
Q 37 MCQ 1 Marks
What are the two components lacked by dry climate and high temperature?
(a) It lacks humus and moisture. (b) It lacks humus and colour.
(c) It lacks moisture and colour. (d) It is totally deprived of calcium and salinity.
Q 38 MCQ 1 Marks
The lower horizons of the soil is occupied by what and why?
(a) The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Terai plains because of the increasing
calcium content downwards.
(b) The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar because of the increasing calcium
content downwards.
(c) The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Bhabar because of the increasing calcium
content downwards.
(d) The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar because of the decreasing calcium
content downwards.
Q 39 MCQ 1 Marks
What does the Kankar layer formation restrict in the bottom horizons?
(a) The Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of calcium.
(b) The Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of mangroves.
(c) The Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of water.
(d) The Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of air.
Q 40 MCQ 1 Marks
Which among the following statements best describes the nature of arid soil?
(a) Arid soils are generally clayey in texture and saline in nature.
(b) Arid soils are generally sandy in texture and nonsaline in nature.
(c) Arid soils are generally grainy in texture and saline in nature.
(d) Arid soils are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature.
Case Study 4 Marks
Agenda-21:
It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development (UNCED), which took place at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It aims
at achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat environmental
damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and
shared responsibilities. One major objective of the Agenda 21 is that every local government
should draw its own local Agenda 21.
Q 41 MCQ 1 Marks
What was the aim of signing Agenda 21 by world leaders?
(a) Agenda 21 aims at achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat
(b) Agenda 21 aims at achieving global economic prosperity. It is an agenda to combat
(c) Agenda 21 aims at achieving universal education. It is an agenda to combat environmental
(d) Agenda 21 aims at ending global poverty. It is an agenda to combat environmental
Q 42 MCQ 1 Marks
When and where was Agenda 21 signed by world leaders?
(a) It was signed in 1991 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
(b) It was signed in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
(c) It was signed in 1994 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
(d) It was signed in 1993 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Q 43 MCQ 1 Marks
Agenda 21 declaration was signed in which of the following conference?
(a) It was signed at the United Nations Conference on Environmental Protection (UNCEP).
(b) It was signed at the United Nations Conference on Conservation of
Biodiversity(UNCCB).
(c) It was signed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
(UNCED).
(d) It was signed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Climate
Change(UNCECC).
Q 44 MCQ 1 Marks
Which among the following was one of the major objectives of the Agenda 21?
(a) The declaration wanted every state government to draw its own global Agenda 24.
(b) The declaration wanted every national government to draw its own local Agenda 21.
(c) The declaration wanted every state government to draw its own global Agenda 21.
(d) The declaration wanted every local government to draw its own local Agenda 21.
Case Study 4 Marks
Resources are vital for any developmental activity. But irrational consumption and over-
utilization of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems. To
overcome these problems, resource conservation at various levels is important. This had been
the main concern of the leaders and thinkers in the past. For example, Gandhiji was very apt
in voicing his concern about resource conservation in these words: "There is enough for
everybody's need and not for anybody's greed." He placed the greedy and selfish individuals
and exploitative nature of modern technology as the root cause for resource depletion at the
global level. He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by
the masses.
Q 45 MCQ 1 Marks
What was the message of Gandhiji about conservation of resources?
(a) Gandhiji said: "There is enough for everybody's need and not for anybody's greed."
(b) Gandhiji said: "There is enough for everybody's need and not for anybody's economic
growth."
(c) Gandhiji said: "There is enough for everybody's need and not for anybody's exploitation."
(d) Gandhiji said: "There is enough for everybody's need and not for anybody's political
growth."
Q 46 MCQ 1 Marks
Why are resources important?
(a) Resources are vital because they form the basis for any agricultural activity.
(b) Resources are vital because they form the basis for any developmental activity.
(c) Resources are vital because they form the basis for all economic activity.
(d) Resources are vital because they form the basis for all forms of employment generation.
Q 47 MCQ 1 Marks
What has led to socio-economic and environmental problems?
(a) Rational consumption and proper-utilization of resources has led to socio-economic and
(b) Irrational consumption and proper-utilization of resources has led to socio-economic and
(c) Irrational consumption and overutilization of resources has led to socio-economic and
(d) Rational consumption and overutilization of resources has led to socio-economic and
Q 48 MCQ 1 Marks
How can we overcome the socio-economic and environmental problems arising out of
irrational consumption of resources?
(a) Resource mismanagement at various levels can help us overcome these problems.
(b) Over-utilization of resources at various levels can help us overcome these problems.
(c) Resource exploitation at various levels can help us overcome these problems.
(d) Resource conservation at various levels can help us overcome these problems.
Case Study 4 Marks
The use of land is determined both by physical factors such as topography, climate, soil types
as well as human factors such as population density, technological capability and culture and
traditions etc. Total geographical area of India is 3.28 million sq km. Land use data, however,
is available only for 93 per cent of the total geographical area because the land use reporting
for most north-east states except Assam has not been done fully. Moreover, some areas of
Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and China have also not yet been surveyed.
Q 49 MCQ 1 Marks
How is the use of land determined?
(a) The use of land is determined both by physical factors such as topography, climate, soil
(b) The use of land is determined both by economic factors such as topography, climate, soil
(c) The use of land is determined both by sentimental factors like topography, climate, soil
(d) The use of land is determined both by physical factors such as topography, climate, soil
types as well as economic factors such as population density, technological capability and
Q 50 MCQ 1 Marks
What is the total geographical area of India?
(a) 1.28 million sq km (b) 3.28 million sq.km
(c) 2.28 million sq.km (d) 6 million sq.km
Q 51 MCQ 1 Marks
What percentage of the total geographical area has been measured to tabulated the land use
data?
(a) Only 13% of total geographical area has been measured to calculate the land use data.
(b) Only 99% of total geographical area has been measured to calculate the land use data.
(c) Only 93% of total geographical area has been measured to calculate the land use data.
(d) Only 53% of total geographical area has been measured to calculate the land use data.
Q 52 MCQ 1 Marks
Why is the land use data unavailable for the entire geographical location of India?
(a) It is because the land use reporting for most northeast states except Meghalaya has not
been done fully. And some areas of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and China
have also not yet been surveyed.
(b) It is because the land use reporting for most northeast states except Mizoram has not been
(c) It is because the land use reporting for most northeast states except Nagaland has not been
(d) It is because the land use reporting for most northeast states except Assam has not been
Case Study 4 Marks
Resources are vital for human survival as well as for maintaining the quality of life. It was
believed that resources are free gifts of nature. As a result, human beings used them
indiscriminately and this has led to the following major problems.
1. Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of a few individuals.
2. Accumulations of resources in few hands, which, in turn, divided the society into two
segments i.e. haves and have nots or rich and poor.
3. Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global
warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation. An equitable
distribution of resources has become essential for a sustained quality of life and global peace.
If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals and countries continues, the
future of our planet is in danger. Therefore, resource planning is essential for sustainable
existence of all forms of life. Sustainable existence is a component of sustainable
development.
Q 53 MCQ 1 Marks
Why are resources vital?
(a) Resources are vital for human survival as well as for maintaining the quality of life.
(b) Resources are vital for economy as well as for maintaining the quality of life.
(c) Resources are vital for human survival as well as for maintaining a poor quality of life.
(d) Resources are vital for animal survival as well as for maintaining the quality of life.
Q 54 MCQ 1 Marks
Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has lead to which type of problems?
(a) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global
warming, afforestation, environmental pollution and land degradation.
(b) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global
warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.
(c) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global
warming, recycling of plastics, environmental pollution and land degradation.
(d) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global
warming, rain water conservation, environmental pollution and land degradation.
Q 55 MCQ 1 Marks
Why do you think that an equitable distribution of resources has become essential? Why will
our planet be in danger?
(a) An equitable distribution of resources has become essential for a sustained quality of life
and global peace. If the present trend of resource conservation by a few individuals and
countries continues, the future of our planet is in danger.
(b) An equitable distribution of resources has become essential for a sustained quality of life
and global peace. If the present trend of resource depletion by the poor countries continues,
the future of our planet is in danger.
(c) An equitable distribution of resources has become essential for a sustained quality of life
and global peace. If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals and countries
continues, the future of our planet is in danger.
(d) An equitable distribution of resources has become essential for luxurious and
sophisticated quality of life. If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals
and countries continues, the future of our planet is in danger.
Q 56 MCQ 1 Marks
Which among the following is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life?
(a) Disaster Management is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life.
(b) Solid waste management is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life.
(c) Over-utilising resources is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life.
(d) Resource planning is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life.
Case Study 4 Marks
Black Soil:
These soils are black in colour and are also known as regur soils. Black soil is ideal for
growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil. It is believed that climatic condition
along with the parent rock material are the important factors for the formation of black soil.
This type of soil is typical of the Deccan trap (Basalt) region spread over north west
Deccan plateau and is made up of lava flows. They cover the plateaus of Maharashtra,
Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh and extend in the south east direction
along the Godavari and Krishna valleys.
Q 57 MCQ 1 Marks
How is black soil formed?
(a) It is believed that climatic condition along with the parent rock material are the important
(b) It is believed that climatic condition along with the altitude of the place are the important
(c) It is believed that climatic condition along with the distance from the coast are the
important factors for the formation of black soil.
(d) It is believed that climatic condition along with the population density of a particular area
are the important factors for the formation of black soil.
Q 58 MCQ 1 Marks
Black soil is also known by which of the following names?
(a) It is also known as yellow soil. (b) It is also known as regur soil.
(c) It is also known as red soil. (d) It is also known as laterite soil.
Q 59 MCQ 1 Marks
Black soil is found along with which of the following valleys?
(a) It is found along the Godavari and the Kaveri valleys. (b) It is found along the Godavari
and the Narmada valleys.
(c) It is found along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys. (d) It is found along the Godavari
and the Mahanadi valleys.
Q 60 MCQ 1 Marks
Black soil is made up of which of the following?
(a) Black soil is made up of mineral deposits. (b) Black soil is made up of fine sand.
(c) Black soil is made up of rock deposits. (d) Black soil is made up of lava flows.
Case Study 4 Marks
Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of
and other cereal and pulse crops. Due to its high fertility, regions of alluvial soils are
intensively cultivated and dense populated. Soils in the drier areas are more alkaline and can
be productive after proper treatment and irrigation.
Q 61 MCQ 1 Marks
Why are alluvial soils as a whole very fertile?
(a) Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of
and other cereal and pulse crops.
(b) Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. Mostly these soils contain inadequate proportion
of potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy,
(c) Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of
potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are not ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy,
(d) Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion
of potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of millet and cotton.
Q 62 MCQ 1 Marks
Why are regions of alluvial soils intensively cultivated?
(a) The regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated because of its poor fertility.
(b) The regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated because of its high fertility.
(c) The regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated because it holds up more moisture.
(d) The regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated because it prevents land
degradation.
Q 63 MCQ 1 Marks
How does the fertility of alluvial soil impact population distribution in the country?
(a) The high fertility of the alluvial soil is the reason behind the scarce population in these
areas.
(b) The low fertility of the alluvial soil is the reason behind the dense population in these
areas.
(c) The high fertility of the alluvial soil is the reason behind the dense population in these
areas.
(d) The low fertility of the alluvial soil is the reason behind the scarce population in these
areas.
Q 64 MCQ 1 Marks
How can alluvial soils in the drier areas be made productive?
(a) They can be made productive if alternate methods to irrigation is applied.
(b) They can be made productive with over irrigation.
(c) They can be made productive with reduced irrigation.
(d) They can be made productive after proper treatment and irrigation.
Case Study 4 Marks
Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and
southern parts of the Deccan plateau. Yellow and red soils are also found in parts of Odisha,
Chattisgarh, southern parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the piedmont zone of the
Western Ghats. These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in
crystalline and metamorphic rocks. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.
Q 65 MCQ 1 Marks
What is the reason behind their representative colours in red and yellow soils?
(a) These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and
(b) These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of copper in crystalline and
(c) These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of lead in crystalline and
(d) These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of tin in crystalline and
Q 66 MCQ 1 Marks
Red soil develops in areas having which of the following rainfall pattern?
(a) Red soils develops in areas receiving high rainfall.
(b) Red soils develops in areas receiving low rainfall.
(c) Red soils develops in areas receiving abundant rainfall.
(d) Red soils develops in areas receiving no rainfall.
Q 67 MCQ 1 Marks
Red soil develops on what type of rocks?
(a) Red soil develops on metamorphic rocks. (b) Red soil develops on oceanic rocks.
(c) Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks.
(d) Red soil develops on mountainous rocks.
Q 68 MCQ 1 Marks
When does the red soil look yellow?
(a) Red soil looks yellow when it occurs in a wellmaintained form.
(b) Red soil looks yellow when it occurs in a pigmented form.
(c) Red soil looks yellow when it occurs in a dehydrated form.
(d) Red soil looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.
Case Study 4 Marks
We have shared our land with the past generations and will have to do so with the future
generations too. Ninety-five percent of our basic needs for food, shelter and clothing are
obtained from land. Human activities have not only brought about degradation of land but
have also aggravated the pace of natural forces to cause damage to land. Some human
activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed
significantly in land degradation. Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is
complete leaving deep scars and traces of over-burdening. In states like Jharkhand,
Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to mining have caused severe
land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. In the states of Punjab, Haryana,
western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water
logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. The mineral processing like
grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry
generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water
into the soil after it settles down on the land. In recent years, industrial effluents as waste
have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the
country. There are many ways to solve the problems of land degradation. Afforestation and
proper management of grazing can help to some extent. Planting of shelterbelts of plants,
control on overgrazing, stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes are some of the
methods to check land degradation in arid areas. Proper management of waste lands,
control of mining activities, proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes
after treatment can reduce land and water degradation in industrial and suburban areas.
Q 69 MCQ 1 Marks
With whom do we share our land?
(a) We have shared our land with the past generations only and hence we need not have any
resource to be shared with the future generations.
(b) We have shared our land with the past generations and will have to do so with the future
generations too.
(c) We have not shared our land with the past generations and but will have to do so with the
future generations.
(d) We have not shared our land with the past generations or will have to do so with the
future generations.
Q 70 MCQ 1 Marks
Name some Indian states which are deforested due to mining and overgrazing activities.
(a) In states like Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to
overgrazing have caused severe land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh and Maharashtra mining is one of the main reasons for land degradation.
(b) In states like Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to
Pradesh and Maharashtra deforestation is one of the main reasons for land degradation.
(c) In states like Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to
Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation.
(d) In states like Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to
mining have caused severe land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation.
Q 71 MCQ 1 Marks
What harm does the mineral Processing and cement industry do to the environment and
land?
(a) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and
process of infiltration of effluents into the soil after it settles down on the land.
(b) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and
process of infiltration of minerals into the soil after it settles down on the land.
(c) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and
process of infiltration of air into the soil after it settles down on the land.
(d) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and
process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land.
Q 72 MCQ 1 Marks
What are the possible measures to solve the problems of land degradation?
(a) Afforestation and improper management of grazing can help resolve the problems of land
degradation.
(b) Deforestation and proper management of grazing can help resolve the problems of land
degradation. (c) Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help resolve the
problems of land degradation.
(d) Deforestation and improper management of grazing can help resolve the problems of land
degradation.
Map
Q 1 Subjective
Mark any 3 different types of soil on the map of India.
Q 2 Subjective
On the map of India, mark three places where laterite soil is found.
Q 3 Subjective
Locate the regions covered under Alluvial soil on a physical map of India
Q 4 Subjective
Mark the Soil type that is formed where the rainfall is low and highlight the region with
brown in colour on map of India
Q 5 Subjective
Mark the Soil type found mainly in hill slopes and highlight it blue in colour
Q 6 Subjective
Locate and Label the top producer of Rock salt in India
Q 7 Subjective
Mark top 5 coal producing states on political map of India
Q 8 Subjective
In which country 'Agenda 21' was signed in 1992
Q 9 Subjective
Mark and point 2 states where Saline soil is found
Q 10 Subjective
Locate and Label the state which is the top producer of natural gas
Q 11 Subjective
Mark on Map of India the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.
Q 12 Subjective
locate and colour the states which produce cashew nut in Red laterite soil

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10th - Social Studies

Ch 1 Resources and development

Start of case study (Q1-Q4)

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