Decision Making

~ ou want to try a new brand of toothpaste. You watch

television ads recommending three different brands,
your dentist recommends one brand, and another brand
has the lowest cost.

r
you Decide!
Which toothpaste
would you buy?

Fresh White Advertisement: 4 out of 5 dentists $2.99

recommend it.

Healthy Teeth Advertisement: More than half the $3.79

people using it report fewer cavities.

Smile Bright Your dentist $3.45

Ultra Clean Lowest cost to use $2.49

Jerry's Toothpaste Advertisement: Jerry's Toothpaste is $4.80

~ made from all-natural ingredients.

148
Read for Understanding
1. What is the range in prices for the
different toothpastes?
3. Do all the toothpaste tubes hold the
same amount?
5. What does the advertisement claim for
Fresh White? Healthy Teeth? Jerry's
Toothpaste?
Make Decisions
7. The advertisers for Fresh White want
you to think that they have surveyed
what population?
9. In what ways can the survey method
used by the advertisers for Fresh White
give a misleading result? Explain.
11. Look at the advertisement for Healthy
Teeth. Complete this sentence the way
the advertisers would want you to:
More than half the people using it
report fewer cavities than
13. Calculate what it costs for one ounce of
each toothpaste. Round each cost to
the nearest cent.
15. Evaluate Ultra Clean's advertising claim.
16. Is Healthy Teeth's claim written as if it
were based on a population or a
sample? What do you think the claim
was based on?
2. Which toothpaste has the lowest price?
4. Which toothpaste tube holds the most?
6. Which brand has the highest price
per ounce?
8. Can you tell how many dentists were
surveyed by the advertisers for Fresh
White? Explain.
10. How would you select a sample to find
out if it is true that 4 out of 5 dentists
recommend Fresh White toothpaste?
12. Where do you think your dentist got
the toothpaste he gives you at the end
of your visit? Is this a good reason to
purchase those brands?
14. Which toothpaste has the highest
price? Why might that be so?
XoVr Decision~
Which toothpaste
will you buy?
Explain.
Unit 3 149
 Unit 3 Unit Study Guide and Review
Vocabulary.

Complete. Use a word from the list.

VOCABULARY
1. The are the horizontal and the vertical number axes
lines on a graph. cluster
key
2. The shows what each picture symbol represents outlier
on a pictograph. sample
3. A is a part of a population chosen to get
information about the whole population.

Skills and Applications

Organize and display data. (pp. 106-117, ~ zo-, z7~

Solve.
The table shows the number of tickets
that ten students sold for the school play. 4. Make a bar graph for the data in the
example.
Make astern-and-leaf plot for the number
of tickets sold. 5. Make a line plot for the data in the
example.
Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6. Make astern-and-leaf plot for this data.
Tickets Sold 12 18 21 1 1 10 22 37 9 14 14 84, 88, 79, 70, 57, 72, 80, 75, 73, 77
I
7. Make astern-and-leaf plot for this data.
Solution Stems Leaves 45, 62, 54, 50, 51, 46, 40, 49, 61, 42
0 9
1 012448
2 12
3 7

Key: 1 12 = 12 tickets

Read and interpret data. (pp. 106-117, i~o-iz7)

Use the stem-and-leaf plot in the
Look at the stem-and-leaf plot in the
example above for problems 8-10.
example above. What is the median
number of tickets sold? 8. What is the least number of tickets
sold?
Solution
9. Are there any gaps in the data? If so,
The stem-and-leaf plot shows the ten where?
numbers in order. The two middle
10. What other conclusions can you draw
numbers are 14, so the median is 14.
from the stem-and-leaf plot?

150 ~iidab>le~ Use your Foldables to help you review.

Find the range, mean, median, and mode.
Find the range, mean, median, and mode.
Five condominiums were sold yesterday at
the following prices: 11. 8, 55, 15, 2, 21
$73,000, $55,000, $51,000, $80,000, $79,000. 12. 84, 77, 85, 81, 85, 78, 86, 88
What was the mean price?
13. 111, 112, 115, 110, 112,110, 112,113
Solution 14. 60,41,55,48,50,41,62
The sum of the prices is $338,000. 15. 14, 24, 35, 38, 38, 39, 40, 40, 40, 46
Divide the sum by the number sold: 16. 89, 41, 100, 98, 99, 96, 100
$338,000 = 5 = $67,600
The mean price is $67,600.

Evaluate sampling methods. (pp. 138-143)

To find out the all-time favorite movie of
students in his school, Josh interviews 25
students from his class. Is this sample
random? Is it likely to be representative?
Biased?
Solution
Since many students in the school have
no chance of being selected, the sample
is not random. It is unlikely to be
representative. It is likely to be biased.
To study the cost of producing a
Broadway play in the years 1992-2002,
Talia will use sampling. Use that
information for problems 17-18.
17. Suppose Talia samples 20 musicals
and no dramas. Will that be a biased
sample?
18. Suppose Talia samples two musicals
and two dramas. Is this a good
method? Explain.
19. Describe a way to select a random
sample of 50 students in your school.

Use skills and strategies to solve problems. (pp. 118-119, 144-145)

Solve.
Describe an experiment to test the
20. Describe an experiment to test the
hypothesis that boys at your school watch
hypothesis that younger students at
more movies than girls at your school.
your school watch more cartoons on
Solution TV than older students. Describe how
you would select a sample, collect the
Select a random sample of 50 boys and 50
data, and analyze it.
girls at your school.
Ask the students to record the number of
movies that they watch for a month.
Find the total number for each student.
Find the average number for each group
and compare the numbers.
Unit3 151
 Unit 3 Enrichment
Box-and-Whiskers Plots VOCABULARY
The lower quartile of a set of data is the median of the lower quartile
numbers less than the median. upper quartile
The upper quartile of a set of data is the median of the interquartile
numbers greater than the median. range
box-and-
The interquartile range of a set of data is the difference whiskers plot
between the upper quartile and the lower quartile.
A box-and-whiskers plot is a summary of data that
displays the median as well as upper and lower quartiles.
Make abox-and-whiskers plot for this data: 38, 39, 40, 40,
40, 42, 42, 43, 44, 46.

Make aBox-and-Whiskers Plot

STEP 1
Find the median of the data.
The two middle numbers are
40 and 42. The mean of 40
and 42 is 41.
STEP 2
Find the lower quartile.
The numbers less than 41 are
38, 39, 40, 40, 40. The middle
number is 40.
STEP 3
Find the upper quartile.
The numbers greater than 41
are 42, 42, 43, 44, 46. The
middle number is 43.

STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6

Draw a number line. Draw Connect the tops and Make dots above the greatest
vertical lines above the lower bottoms of the vertical lines and the least numbers of the
and upper quartiles and to make a box. data. Connect the dots to the
above the median. box with whiskers.

• •

I I I l l l l l l l l i l l l
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Make abox-and-whiskers plot for each set of data in problems 1-4.

1. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 2. 30, 35, 35, 40, 45, 50, 70, 80, 100

3. 1, 5, 6, 9, 11, 15, 16, 16, 16, 18 4. 12, 14, 16, 16, 16, 17, 20, 28, 30

5. How can you use abox-and-whiskers 6. How can you use abox-and-whiskers
plot for a set of data to find the range of plot for a set of data to find the
the data? interquartile range of the data?

152
 Performance Assessment
Make an Appropriate Graph

You will ~1eed _

+graph paper

Over the last year, there were

120 performances of musicals,
100 performances of comedies,
80 performances of dramas, and
75 performances ofone-person shows.
1. Make an appropriate table and graph to
represent the data.
2. Explain why you chose the graph you
did and how you decided on the
intervals.

The table shows the number of new

subscribers over the past ten months to Month Number of Subscribers
a new drama club magazine.
1 22
3. Make an appropriate graph to represent 2 28
the data.
3 29
4. Explain why you chose the graph you
4 29
did and how you decided on the
intervals for the vertical axis. 5 30
6 32
7 32
8 34
Tips for a Good Answer 9 36
. Have an appropriate graph for each set of data. ` 10 38
. Show accurate graphs, properly labeled.
. Include a paragraph that clearly states the
reasons for your choices of graphs and how you
chose the intervals for each graph.

,2 ART
FO~~O
~°- You may want to save this
~~, work in your portfolio.

r <„-Journal www.mmhmath.com
Write about math. Unit 3 153
Use Graphs
A recent heavy rainfall in Kimber's city
caused the river to rise above flood
stage. A government agency recorded
the level of the water of the river near
her house. At 2 P.M. the river was 0 feet
above flood stage. At 4 P.M. it was 5
feet; at 6 P.nn., 9 feet; at 8 P.M., 15 feet.
Draw a line graph and a bar graph to
show the data.
You can use the graphs tool ~_~~ on
the Math Tool Chest CD-ROM to draw
both graphs of the data.
Use the Math Tool Chest CD-ROM.

. Choose Line Graph. Enter the graph title and the labels for the axes.
. Change the scale on the vertical axis so the greatest number is 20.
• Click on the link at the bottom of the graph.
• Choose Table. That creates a spreadsheet. Enter the number of feet
in the second column.
• The line graph is drawn as you enter the data.
. Click on the link at the bottom of the table.
• Choose Bar Graph. A bar graph of the data is drawn.

Draw a line graph and a bar graph for each set of data that
describes water levels measured at different times.
1. at 2 a.M., 0 feet 2. at 8 P.M., 9 feet
at 3 a.M., 3 feet at 9 P.M., 10 feet
at 4 a.M., 10 feet at 10 P.M., 16 feet
at 5 a.M., 12 feet at 11 P.nn., 18 feet

Solve.
3. Miko gathered temperature data during the flood. He measured
a temperature of 15°C at 11 a.M., 12°C at noon, 11°C at 1 P.M., and
8°C at 2 P.M. Draw a line graph and a bar graph of this data.

`' Write Analyze How does using the computer help you
About It draw a line graph and a bar graph of the same data?

For more practice, use Math Travelers"'.

 Test-Taking Tips
You can use the process of elimination to solve problems on a test.

Which does the number 27 represent in this data?

24, 24, 26, 21, 38, 27, 29
A. range C. median
B. mean D. mode
Before turning in a test, go
back one last time to check.
Order the data.
21,24,24,26,27,29,38 I understood and answered
the questions asked.
The range is 17, so eliminate A as a choice.
~ The mode is 24, so eliminate D as a choice. I checked my work for errors.
The median is 26, so eliminate C as a choice.
My answers make sense.
The answer must be B.

Read each problem. Choose the best answer.

1. Which does the number 75.5 represent 5. Which does the number 8 represent in
in this data? this data?
55, 55, 72, 74, 77, 82, 90, 100 8, 15, 12, 8, 10, 7, 1, 9
A. range C. median A. range C. median
B. mean D. mode B. mean D. mode

2. Which does the number 154 represent 6. Which does the number 59.6 represent
in this data? in this data?
108, 168, 170, 170 4.4, 10.2, 21.5, 59.6, 64.0
F. range H. median F. range H. median
G. mean I. mode G. mean I. mode

3. Which does the number 38 represent 7. Which does the amount $6.35
for this data? represent for this data?
32, 33, 35, 39, 42, 47 $7.20, $3.62, $4.93, $8.00, $8.00
A. range C. median A. range C. median
B. mean D. mode B. mean D. mode

4. Which does the number 605 represent 8. Which does the number 37 represent in
in this data? this data?
345, 605, 672, 950, 950 34, 34, 38, 50, 54, 55, 60, 71
F. range H. median F. range H. median
G. mean I. mode G. mean I. mode

Unit3 155
 Unit 3 1 Spiral Review and Test Prep
Chapters 1-6

PART 1 ~ Multiple Choice 4. Find: 83

F. 24 H. 4,096
Choose the best answer. G. 512 I. 6,561
1. The bar graph shows the number of
victories a pitcher had each year over
the course of five seasons. 5. What digit is in the hundredths place
Pitcher's Victories of 415.028?

20 A. 1 C. 4
18 B. 2 D. 8
Number of Victories

16
14
12
10 6. Which of the following is NOT an
8 average?
b F. mean H. mode
4
2 G. median I. range
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 . 2002
Season
7. Mr. Lin is four times as old as his
How many more victories did the daughter. In 4 years he will be three
pitcher have in 2001 than in 2000? times as old as his daughter. How old
is his daughter now?
A. 2 C. 4 A. 6 C. 10
B. 3 D. 5 B. 8 D. 12

2. Which sentence is an example of the 8. Find: 500 X 400 ,

Associative Property of Addition? F. 900 H. 20,000
F. 3+5 = 5+3 G. 2,000 I. 200,000
G. 3+(5+7) = 3+(7+5)
H. 3+(5+7) _ (3+5)+7
I. 3X(5+7) _ (3X5)+(3X7) 9. A researcher is conducting a survey of
consumers in the United States. To do
this, he interviews a group of 1,000
3. To divide a number by 1,000, move its consumers. What is this group of
decimal point 1,000 consumers called? ~ ;-
A. three places to the left. A. a median
B. three places to the right. B. a population
C. four places to the left. C. a sample
D. four places to the right. D. a statistic

156

PART 2 •Short Response/Grid In
Record your answers on the ,~
answer sheet provided by —a
your teacher or on a sheet of paper.
10. The stem-and-leaf plot shows the test
scores in a class.
What is the median of the test scores?
Stems Leaves
7 0045888
8 125555
9 34588
Key: 8 ~ 1 = 81
11. Tom bought a salad for $2.95 and a
soup for $4.95. If there is no sales tax,
how much change should he get if he
pays the cashier using a $10 bill? cp.81
12. The secretary of the Film Club kept
track of new members each month.
The frequency table shows the data
for the first four months of the school
year.
Film Club
Month New Members
September 28
October 8 PART 3 •Extended Response
November 5
December 5
What was the cumulative frequency
at the end of November? Explain how
you found your answer. ;:
13. Kaitlin ran a 100-meter dash in 14.9
seconds. Georgia ran the same race in
16.7 seconds. How much longer did it
take Georgia to complete the race?
1.:.0'#~~N www.mmhmath.com
For more Review and Test Prep
14. The total cost of renting a car for THINK
SOLVE
E%PLAIN
four days is $238.20. Three friends
are sharing the cost equally. How
much does each friend pay? Explain
how you found your answer. ~:~ ~~~:~
15. Jacob bought the grapes shown
on the scale below.
C
Prks
~~
wax Tofol
PHu
What was the total weight in
pounds of the grapes Jacob bought?
Round your answer to the nearest
tenth. - ,
16. A carton of eggs holds 12 eggs.
A crate of eggs holds 48 cartons.
How many eggs are there in
3 crates? ;_
7
~D
Record your answer on a sheet of
paper. Show your work.
17. The salaries of the four
employees of a company are listed
below.
$500,000, $25,000, $20,000, $19,000
Explain why the mean salary is a
misleading statistic to use to represent
the salaries of the employees. ,~ ~~:
Unit3 157