Lesson 4:

Mental
Health and
Stress
Mental health- a state of
well-being in which the
individual realizes his/her
own abilities, can work
productively and fruitfully and
is able to make contribution
to his/her community.
Psychological well-being refers to an individual’s state or condition
that is free from any mental or emotional disorders.
Did you know that?
Mental health may boost physical health; thus you may be free from
any body pains or sickness.
Mentally Healthy Mentally Unhealthy
Optimism Eating Disorders
Happiness Anxiety Disorders
Acceptance Personality Disorders
Productivity Depressive Disorders
Mental illness refers to
diagnosable mental disorders
characterized by alterations in
thinking, mood, or behavior
associated with distress and
impaired functioning
Mentally Unhealthy
Eating Disorder
According to DSM5 2013 (Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder ), it is
characterized by persistent disturbance of eating that
result in altered consumption or absorption of food and
significantly impair physical or psychosocial functioning.
This disorder is common among adolescents due
to dissatisfaction of one’s body.
 Eating Disorder
Anorexia Nervosa
▪ Intense fear of gaining weight
▪ Disturbed body image
▪ Refusal to maintain normal
body weight
▪ Dangerous measures to lose
weight
▪ Average onset is age 13
 Eating Disorder
Bulimia Nervosa
▪ Over indulgence of food
followed by induced
vomiting, fasting and
excessive exercise
▪ Average onset is 16 to 19
years old.
Eating Disorder
Binge-Eating Disorder
▪ Characterized by over-
eating but NOT followed by
efforts to induce vomiting,
fasting and exercise
▪ Onset usually in
adolescence; often persists
into old age
Mentally Unhealthy
Anxiety Disorder
Characterized by
excessive fear, anxiety
and related behavioral
disturbance.
Anxiety Disorder
Phobic Disorder
▪ Irrational fear of an object
that negatively affects daily
activities.
▪ Accompanied by physical
symptoms such as
trembling and palpitation.
 Anxiety Disorder
Panic Attacks
▪ Abrupt surge of intense fear
or discomfort
▪ Physical symptoms include
fainting, sweating, palpitations,
chest pain, and dizziness.
▪ People who have phobia
experience panic attack
 Anxiety Disorder
Separation Anxiety Disorder
- Excessive anxiety felt by children
when their parents leave them.
They may worry that something
bad might happen to their parent
or to someone else they love.
They may also have physical
symptoms like stomach aches or
even throwing up out of fear.
 Anxiety Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
- people have recurring,
unwanted thoughts, ideas
or sensations (obsessions)
that make them feel driven
to do something repetitively
(compulsions)
Obsessive thoughts can
include:
✓ fear of germs or getting
dirty
✓Need for things to be
placed in an exact order
Compulsive habits can include:
✓ repetitive checking on a locked door, light switch, and
other things
✓Putting items in an exact order, like cans with labels
facing front
✓Fear of touching doorknobs, using public toilets or
shaking
✓Need to count things, like steps or bottles
 Personality Disorder
Paranoid Personality
Disorder
▪ Distrust and suspiciousness
on the motives of the people
around them
▪Thoughts of persecution
causes fear
▪Persistently bears grudges
 Personality Disorder
Anti-social
Personality Disorder
▪Violations of the rights of
others
▪They do not care if their
behaviors may harm
others.
▪Repeated lying
Personality Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
▪ Shows excessive emotionality and
attention seeking behaviors. May cry
for no apparent reason just to
express their feelings.
▪ Wants attention
▪ Uses physical appearance to get
attention
▪ Uncomfortable when they are not
the center of attention
 Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality
Disorder
▪ Self-centered
▪ Exaggerated self-esteem
▪ Strong need for admiration
▪ Lack empathy
▪ Everybody around him suffers
▪ Take advantage of others
 Personality Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder
▪ Pattern of extreme shyness
▪ Extreme sensitivity to criticism
▪ Prefer to be alone and avoid
social activities because of fear of
being judged.
▪ View themselves as not good of
being enough.
Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality
Disorder
▪Submissive and clinging behavior
related to excessive need to be taken
care of.
▪Cannot work alone
▪Feels helpless if not attended by
someone
▪Demand someone to be always at
their side
 Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive
Personality Disorder
▪ Pre-occupation with orderliness,
perfectionism, and control
▪ Overly focused on details or
schedules
▪ Work excessively not allowing time
for leisure or friends
Ex. They frequently do not complete
projects because they get lost in details
Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders
According to DSM5, they are defined as
abnormalities in one or more of the following:
▪Delusion (believing that others are
watching or following you)
▪Hallucination (seeing people not present,
hearing voices)
▪Disorganized speech
▪Abnormal motor behavior
▪Odd thoughts
▪Psychosis (loss of contact with reality)
Substance Related Disorders
DRUG a substance such as alcohol, caffeine,
marijuana, and tobacco whose chemical actions
alter the biological and psychological functioning
of an individual.
 Signs that you need MENTAL HEALTH BREAK
1. You often get sick for the past 3 months
2. You don’t feel like getting up to go to school
3. You are rude / grudge to everyone even if they do
nothing wrong to you
4. You get upset over small things
5. You rely on alcohol and cigarettes to relieve you from
stress
 What is stress?
❑The psychological STRESSOR
perception of pressure, on - Is the event, object, or
the other hand, and the body’s person that causes the
response to it. stress.
❑How are body responds to
pressures, responsibilities and
threats (real or imagined)
❑Any kind of change that
causes us to make adjustments
✓Stress is part of growing up. You may feel
pressure in everything you do, both at home and
school.
✓You experience stress when you respond to
stressors that you perceive to exceed your
capabilities.
✓Stress at some point can be life threatening
depending on how one manages stress to
escape from the harm it can cause.
Stress can be POSITIVE and NEGATIVE

1.EUSTRESS
- stress that challenge
and motivate you to find
creative solution to your
concern.
- This is the positive
type of stress
2. DISTRESS
- stress becomes
overwhelming and leads to
a sense helplessness and
exhaustion.
- This is the negative type of
stress
 - Generally feels unpleasant
- Positive
- Often depletes energy
- Energizes
- Short term or long term
- Generally short term - Decreases over all
- Can improve performance
performance - Perceived outside coping
mechanisms
- Believed within coping
mechanism - Can lead to physical illness
or mental fatigue
Sources of Stress
Psychological
Physical Stressors Social Stressors
Stressors
• Heat • Social economic • These are
• Cold and political events and
• Noise situations
stimuli that
• Fire • Family
• Traffic • Job and career
cause one to
• Violence • Interpersonal and experience
• Own Illness environmental psychological
• Poor classroom stressors stress.
conditions
 Types of Stress

• Threat
• Frustration
• Pressure
• Conflict
 THREAT
• The fear of being harmed (physically or emotionally)

• Examples
• being afraid to walk home after dark
• Worry a friend will not invite you to an event
 Frustration
• Inability to get needs met

• Example
• Not able to complete an assignment because sister is using
the computer
 PRESSURE
• Having to measure up to an expectation or standard

• Example
– Being expected to make the honor roll
 CONFLICT
• When two or more needs oppose each other

• Example
• A friend wanting you to go to the mall the same night as your
gymnastic class
Effects of Stress

Cognitive Symptoms
✓Memory problems
✓Unable to concentrate
✓Poor judgement
✓Seeing only the negative
✓Being anxious
✓Worrying constantly
Effects of Stress
Emotional Symptoms
✓Moodiness
✓Irritability or short temper
✓Agitation or restlessness
✓Feeling of being
overwhelmed
✓Sense of loneliness or
isolation
✓Unhappiness
Effects of Stress

Physical Symptoms
✓Body aches and pains
✓Diarrhea or constipation
✓Nausea
✓Chest pain
✓Rapid heartbeat
✓Frequent colds
Effects of Stress
Behavioral Symptoms
✓Eating more or less
✓Sleeping too much or too little
✓Isolating yourself from others
✓Procrastinating
✓Neglecting responsibilities
✓Drinking alcoholic beverages, smoking
cigarettes, taking illegal drugs, playing
computer for several hours
✓Having nervous habits such as nail
biting and pacing restlessly
Coping with Stress
 ACTIVITY : “Poem”
Direction: In line with our topic mental health problems, you
are tasked to create a poem that would encourage people who
are suffering from mental challenges and difficulties to be
strong and help them overcome it. The poem should be
composed of 4 stanzas and each stanzas must have 4 lines. It
could be free verse.
You will be graded according to: relevance to the topic (5),
content/message (15), and originality (10).