“MIGRATION”

(CRITICAL ANALYSIS)

ALEXANDREA F. GAMBOA
10- AQUARIUS

I. PANIMULA
Ang migrasyon ay tumutukoy sa proseso ng pag-alis o paglipat mula sa isang lugar
o teritoryong politikal patungo sa iba pa maging ito man ay pansamantala o
permanente. Nakalahad dito kung bakit nga ba ang migrasyon ay isa sa halimbawa
ng isyu o suliraning pang ekonomiya. Bawat bahagi ng analysis na ito ay may
kaakibat na datos o impormasyon patungkol sa migrasyon. Nakatala dito ang iba’t
ibang impormasyon ng migrasyon at ibat ibang uri ng migrasyon iyon ay temporary
migrants,permanent migrants, irregular migrants at mga dahilan ng mga
mamamayan kung bakit sila nag migrate.

Sa mga sumusunod pang datos, nakalahad dito ang mga kaukulang impormasyon
tungkol sa migrasyon kung saan nakatutulong sa pag alam ukol sa paksa.
Malalaman din ang persyento ng mga mamayang nasasangkot ng migrasyon at mga
organisasyon. Nakasaad din sa pagsusuring ito ang mga positibo at negatibong
epekto ng migrasyon sa Pilipinas maging sa ekonomiya, politika, edukasyon at
karapatang pantao. Nakapaloob dito ang mga perspektibo at
pananaw. Sa pag aaral na ito, malalaman natin ang mga dapat gawin at solusyon
upangmasugpo ang migrasyon sa suliraning pangekonomiya.

II. SULIRANING PANG-EKONONIYA

May dalawang termino ang migrasyon ito ay ang flow at ang stockfigures. Ang
flow ay tumutukoy sa dami o bilang ng mga nandarayuhang pumapasok sa isang
bansa sa isang takdang panahon. Ang stockfiguresnaman ay ang bilang ng
nandayuhan na naninirahan o nananatili sa bansang nilipatan. Mayroong iba’t ibang
uri ng migrasyon. Una ay ang tinatawag na Temporary migrants, ito ay tawag sa
mga mamamayan na nagtungo sa ibang bansa na may kaukulang permiso at papeles
upang magtrabaho at manirahan ng may takdang panahon. Pangalawa ay ang
Permanent migrants. Ito naman ang mga Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) na ang
layunin sa pagtungo sa ibang bansa hindi lamang dahil sa trabaho kundi ang
permanenteng paninirahan sa piniling bansa kaya naman kalakip dito ang pagpapalit
ng pagkamamayan o citizenship.
Pangatlo ay ang Irregular migrants. Ito naman ang mgamamamayan na nagtungo sa
 ibang bansa na hindi dokumentado, walang permit para magtrabaho at sinasabing
overstaying sa bansang pinuntahan. Maraming pamilya ang nangingibang pook at
isa sa dahilan nito ay ang hanapbuhay dahil ang hanapbuhay ay ang nakapagbibigay
kita ng inaasahang maghahatid ng masaganang buhay. Nangingibang pook ang
ibang mamamayan upang sa kaligtasan. Ang panghuli ang upang makapag aral o
pagkuha ng teknikal na kaalaman.

III. PAGLALAHAD
Ang mga pinag-ugatan ng migrasyon ay naayon sa mga pangangailangan ng bawat
indibidwal at ng pamilyang kinabibilangan. Maraming pilipino ang nangingibang
pook at unti unting lumalawak ang migrasyon sa Pilipinas. Tumataas ang bilang ng
mga pilipinong nangingibang bansa dahil maraming sanhi gaya ng sa pang salik ng
pagdami ng mga Pilipinong migranteng manggagawa ay ang mababang pasahod sa
mga mapapasukang trabaho. Paulit-ulit nalang nababanggit ang realidad na kulang
ang sweldo para tugunan ang pangangailangan ng mga manggagawa at ng pamilya
ngunit wala paring pagbabago sa sistema dahil sa kakulangan ng pondo na
naibabahagi ng gobyerno.
Ayon sa Comission of Filipino Overseas (CFO), mahigit 10.4 milyong Pilipino na
ang naninirahan sa ibang bansa. Kasama na rito ang mga permanenteng imigrante,
overseascontractual workers at ang mga “tago ng tago” o TNT, ang mga taong
walang legal na dokumento at balidong tirahan. Ang mga pangunahing bansa kung
saan mataas ang populasyon ng mga Pilipino ay:
United States, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Canada at Malaysia.

IV. PAGSUSURI NG DATOS

Ang mga datos na ito ay nagmula sa Philippine Statics Authority (PSA).
Nagpapakita ito tungkol sa mga impormasyon ng migrasyon sa ating bansa na
nagbibigay kaalaman sa atin.

2021 Overseas Filipino Workers (Final

Results)
Reference Number: 
2022-431
Release Date: 
Friday, December 2, 2022
Overseas Filipino Workers are estimated at 1.83
million
The number of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) or Filipino workers who
worked abroad during the period of April to September 2021 was estimated
at 1.83 million. Overseas Contract Workers (OCWs) or those with existing
work contracts, comprised of 96.4 percent or 1.76 million of the total OFWs
during the same period. Other OFWs who worked abroad without working
visa or work permits such as tourist, visitor, student, medical, and other
types of non- immigrant visas but were employed and working full time in
other countries from April to September 2021 accounted for 3.6 percent
share. (Table 1 and Figure 1)

The number of OFWs increased by 3.0 percent or 53.57 thousand

overseas workers from 2020 to 2021. In 2020, OFWs were registered at
1.77 million, of which 1.71 million were OCWs and about 64 thousand were
other Filipino workers abroad without valid working visa and work permits.
(Table 1 and Figure 1)

 
Majority of Overseas Filipino Workers are women
By sex disaggregation, more women were reported to be working
overseas, accounting for 60.2 percent or 1.10 million in 2021. On the other
hand, 39.8 percent or 0.73 million were male OFWs. The same trend was
observed in 2020 where 59.6 percent or 1.06 million OFWs were women,
while 40.4 percent were men. (Table 1)

By age group, the highest number of Overseas Filipino Workers in 2021

were in age group 30 to 34 years (23.2%), followed by 45 years and over
(23.1%), and 35-39 years (19.9%). (Table 2)

Male overseas workers in age group 45 years and over comprised the
largest share of 29.1 percent, while those in age group 30 to 34 years had
a share of  22.1 percent. For female overseas workers, the largest share
(24.0 %) belonged to age group 30 to 34 years followed by those who were
35-39 years which comprised 20.9 percent of the 1.10 million female
OFWs. (Table 2 and Figure 2)

 
Four in every ten OFWs are in elementary
occupations1
About four in every ten (43.2%) OFWs in 2021 were engaged in elementary occupations1. This was followed by those engaged in

service and sales with 16.5 percent and plant and machine operators and assemblers with 13.6 percent. (Table 2)

Among the 1.10 million female OFWs, majority (64.8%) were engaged in elementary occupations, followed by service and sales

workers at 17.1 percent. Among the 726 thousand male OFWs in 2021, the largest share of workers were in the following

occupations: plant and machine operators and assemblers (31.2%), service and sales workers (15.5%), technicians and associate

professionals (14.8%), craft and related trades workers (13.8%), and elementary occupations (10.7%). (Table 2 and Figure 3)

1
Elementary occupations involve the performance of simple
and routine tasks which may require the use of hand-held tools
and considerable physical effort. It includes: cleaning,
restocking supplies and performing basic maintenance in
apartments, houses, kitchens, hotels, offices and other
buildings; washing of cars and windows; helping in kitchens
and performing simple tasks in food preparations; delivering
messages or goods; carrying luggages and handling
baggage,etc.
 
CALABARZON has the largest proportion of
OFWs
Across the country’s 17 regions, CALABARZON contributed the largest
number of OFWs which was estimated at 15.9 percent or 159 in every
1,000 OFWs in 2021.

Further, for every 1000 OFWs in 2021, around 155 were from Region III, 98
were from Region VI, 89 were from Region 1, and 83 were from National
Capital Region. (Table 2 and Figure 4)

Across the major island areas in the country in 2021, most (64.7%) were
from Luzon, followed by Mindanao at 18.4 percent and Visayas at 16.9
percent. (Table 3)

Saudi Arabia is the leading destination of OFWs

In 2021, the top five destinations of OFWs were the following: Asia
(78.3%), Europe (9.3 %), North and South America (8.9%), Australia
(2.2%) and Africa (1.3 %). Of the total 1.83 million OFWs in 2021, about
24.4 percent worked in Saudi Arabia followed by United Arab Emirates at
14.4 percent. Other countries in Asia with large number of OFWs include:
Hongkong (6.7%), Kuwait (5.9%), Singapore (5.8%), and Qatar (4.8%).
(Table 5 and Figure 5)

Total Remittance reach 151.33 billion pesos in

2021
Among the 1.83 million OFWs, 41.0 percent sent remittance between 40
thousand pesos to less than 100 thousand pesos, while 20.5 percent sent
at least 100 thousand pesos remittance from April to September 2021.
(Table 6)

The total remittance sent by OFWs during the period April to September
2021 reached 151.33 billion pesos. This includes cash sent (127.13 billion
pesos), cash brought home (20.17 billion pesos), and in kind (4.03 billion
pesos). (Table 7 and Figure 6)

Of the 127.13 billion pesos cash remittance of the OFWs sent to the
country, 89.20 billion were from Asian countries. (Table 8)
The average remittance sent by every OFWs from April to September 2021
was placed at 91 thousand pesos, higher than the average remittance
valued at 87 thousand pesos sent in 2020 for the same months. (Table 1
and Table 7)

Banks are most preferred in sending cash

remittances
In terms of the preferred mode of remittance, about 71.79 billion pesos or
56.5 percent of the total cash remittances were sent by the OFWs through
banks. In 2020, the total value of cash remittances sent through banks was
estimated at 57.68 billion pesos. Aside from banks, cash remittances were
made through money transfer amounting to 53.82 billion pesos or 42.3
percent. Collective share of around 1.2 percent of the cash remittances
sent by the Filipinos working in other countries were through agency/local
office of the OFW, friends/co- worker, door to door, etc. (Table 9)

 
  

• The number of Overseas Filipinos Workers (OFWs) in 2021 was

estimated at 1.83 million which was higher than the 1.77 million
estimate in 2020.

• The number of Overseas Contract Workers (OCWs) increased to

1.76 million in 2021, from 1.71 million in 2020.

• Total remittance sent in 2021 reached 151.33 billion pesos which

was higher than the 134.77 billion pesos in 2020.

• On the average, about 91 thousand pesos remittance per OFW was

sent in 2021, an amount that is much higher than the 87 thousand
pesos average remittance sent per OFW in 2020.

DENNIS S. MAPA, Ph.D.

V. KONKLUSYON

Maraming mabuting epekto ng migrasyon. Nababawasan ang

‘unemployment’ o kawalan ng trabaho at ang mga tao ay
nakakakuha ng mas magandang oportunidad sa pagtatrabaho.
Nakakatulong ito sa pagpapahusay ng buhay panlipunan ng mga tao
habang natututo sila ng mga bagong kultura, kaugalian, at wika na
makakatulong upang mapabuti ang kapatiran o relasyon nila sa iba.
Maraming mabuting epekto ng migrasyon ngunit may mga epekto din
ang migrasyon na dapat natin harapin. Ang migrasyon ay pagbabago sa
mga pagpapahalaga ay pamamaraan sa pamumuhay. Mabagal na pag-
unlad sa pangkaisipan at panlipunan. ang pagkawala ng mga tao sa
isang lugar ay may epekto sa pag-unlad sa dakong iyon.
Nagkakaroon ng ‘brain drain’ o pagkaubos ng kapaki-pakinabang na
‘human resources’ sa isang bansa sapagkat ang kanilang mahuhusay
na propesyunal ay sa ibang bansa naghahanapbuhay. Bukod sa mga
nabanggit, nagkakaroon din ng paglaganap at pagpapalitan ng iba’t
ibang kultura dahil sa migrasyon. Nagiging mas lantad ang tao sa
iba’t ibang cultural values, paniniwala, ritwal, kaugalian, ideolohiya,
relihiyon, tradisyon, at paniniwalang politikal.

VI. SOLUSYON
Para sa akin, nararapat natin itong bigyang pansin dahil madami
itong aspeto o mga epekto sa mamamayang Pilipino. Dapat mabigyan
ng magandang oportunidad ang mga Pilipino na gustong mangibang
bansa. Dapat mabigyan ito ng pansin ng gobyerno upang matugonan
ang suliraning ito at upang matustusan ang kanilang pangangailangan.
Dapat mapanatili nating maayos at magandang buhay ang bawat
mamamayan. At lalo na ang pag pili ng maayos na trabaho na makapag
bigay ng sapat na pangangailangan.