Overview of Dental Materials

Dental Materials -
It is the branch of dentistry. Which deals with Composition use and proportion
of the which materials used in dentistry.

Composition of Dental Materials:

All Dental Materials are composed by 4 main groups.
i. Polymers
ii. Metals
iii. Ceramics
iv. Composites

Purpose/ Use of dental materials

1. Preventive:
Dental Restorations (Filling, Crown, Bridge)
2. Restorative:
Endodontic materials. (Used in RCT).
3. Auxiliary:
Impression materials, Prosthetic materials. Dental implant and many
others.

 Lining materials
Ca(OH)2 Cement
Poly Carboxylate Cement
Zinc oxide eugenol Cement
GIC.
  Direct Restorative materials
Amalgum
Composite resin
Compomer
GIC
Resin modified - GJC.

 Ideal Properties of dental materials

1. It Should be biocompatible.
2. It Should bond permanently to tooth Structure bone.
3. It Should match the natural appearance of tooth Structure & other
visible tissues.
4. It Should exhibit properties similar to those of tooth enamel, dentin &
other tissues.
5. It Should be Strong and Resistant to fracture.
6. It Should be dimensionally stable.
7. It Should have good aesthetic, so looks like oral tissue.
8. It Should be tasteless & Odourless.
9. It Should be Cost effective.

 Classification of dental materials from the Perspective of biological

Value
It Should be Classified as
1) Preventive dental materials -
i. Dentifrices mouth wash, Cavity vanish.
ii. Fluoride releasing Cements.
iii. Pit & fissure Sealants
 2) Restorative dental materials
Help to remain replace defected tooth Structure. These include
i. Amalgam.
ii. Bonding agent
iii. Resin based composite
iv. Compomer
v. Ceramic
vi. Liners
vii. Dental Polymer.
viii. Cement bases.
Restorative dental materials Should be two types:
a) Direct restorative materials. Used intraorally.
b) Indirect restorative materials. Used extra orally

3) Auxiliary dental materials.

Materials used in the process of fabricating dental Prosthesis These include:
i. Impression material
ii. Dental Wax.
iii. Gypsum Cast & model materials.
iv. Finishing and Polishing abrasive
v. Acrylic resin
vi. Acid etching Solution

4) Temporary Restorative dental materials

It Should be used to restored the tooth temporarily. These include
i. Orthodontic wire
ii. Cements used as temporary liners.
iii. Cements used as temporary filling materials.
iv. Acrylic resin used for inlay, Crown and fixed partial denture.
 Terminology

Restoration
It is a Conservative work which restore the lost shape (Anatomy) & function
(Physiology) of a tooth.
This work can be performed inside the patients mouth eg- filling with
Restorative materials
Or, it can be made outside of the Patients mouth & cemented to place. eg-
inlay, crown, onlay, fixed bridge.
 Restoration is fixed in nature & the Patient Can not remove
 It Should be metallic or non-metallic

Appliance:
It is an artificial technique by which replacement of missing teeth are Carried
out for proper speech, masticatory function of an individual. eg- Complete
denture, Partial denture, Removable bridge.

Crown:
It is a fixed restoration for the entire major pant of Coronal (Crown) Portion of
a tooth
eg. : Veneer Cast Gold Crown (posterior tooth), Porcelain jacket Crown.
(anterior tooth).
Bridge
It is a fixed appliance which is used for replacement for a missing teeth or
tooth.
 The two teeth adjacent to the space are called abutment.
 They are to be prepared for restorations (Crown) to Support the artificial
tooth, which is Called pontics.

Partial Denture:
It is a which is used to replace one or a number of tooth or teeth but not all
Complete Denture
It is a which is used to replace all of the missing natural tooth.
Impression:
Negative imprint of natural tooth and oral structures is called impression
Model:
Positive imprint of natural tooth and oral structures is called impression.
Types of model
a. Study model.
b. Working model.
Die: Model of a single prepared tooth is called die
Inlay
Inlay may be defined as a solid filling made to the precise Shape of a Cavity of a
tooth and Cemented into it.
 Why we inlay ?
If any part or any cusp of the tooth are lost by any caries or fracture and there
is no way for filling. Because the filling cannot withstand the stress of
mastication. In this case we have done inlay.
Onlay:
It is which a form of indirect restoration, means it is made outside of the
mouth as a Single Solid piece that fits the Specific size & shape of the Cavity &
then Cemented. in place in the tooth.