Class 5 Science: (Lesson details for Final exams)

Syllabus: Chapter 13 and 14

Chapter: 13 (Pollution)
Fill in the blanks: (Book exercise C, page 110)
1. Acid pollution is caused by the smoke and gas given off by factories.
2. When coal and oil is burned toxic gases are produced.
3. Sulphur combines with the nitrogen n the air to produce harmful gases which in turn form acid.
4. Dead plant matter collected and put on a compost heap will produce good manure for plants.
5. Materials which do not decompose can be recycled in different ways to produce other useful things.
6. Materials which do not decompose are called non-biodegradable materials.
7. Your environment consists of everything that is around you including the place in which you live.

True False: (Book exercise B, page 110)

1. Toxic things are poisonous. (T)
2. Dirty water should never be used to water plants. (T)
3. A banana skin is biodegradable. (T)
4. A rural environment is less clean than an urban one. (F)
5. Dead animals decompose. (T)
6. A plastic cup is biodegradable. (F)
7. Sulphur combines with oxygen to form harmful gases. (F)
8. The ozone layer blocks harmful rays from reaching the Earth. (T)
9. Ultraviolet rays are harmless. (F)
10. Acid rain is good for crops because it contains minerals. (F)

Question Answer:
1. What does biodegradable mean?
Ans: Things which decompose naturally are biodegradable. They break down biologically and enrich the soil.
Example – dead plant, dead animal etc.
2. What are domestic wastes?
Ans: The wastes that are produced in our homes are called domestic wastes. Most of the wastes do not
decompose so they should be recycled.
3. How can materials be recycled?
Ans: 1) Bottles can be crushed and the glass can be used again.
2) Paper can be pulped and turned into card and cardboard.
3) Tin, steel and metals can be melted and recycled.
4. What is acid pollution?
Ans: Smoke and toxic gases are produced by factories and cars when fuels are burned. These gases turn into
acid in the air and fall as acid rain.
5. How does the ozone layer help us?
Ans: The ozone layer helps trap the sun’s harmful UV rays that may cause cancer otherwise.
Matching:
1. The factory produces – smoke, toxic fumes and chemical wastes.
2. Waste solids are dumped - in the country side or sea.
3. Dust and particles form – clouds.
4. Polluted water kills – aquatic plants and animals.
5. Wild animals die from eating – polluted plants.

Chapter: 14 (Shadows and eclipses)

Fill in the blanks:
1. Things that give out light are called luminous.
2. Light travels in straight lines called rays.
3. Light travels at a speed of 300,000 km per second.
4. Smooth surfaces are usually shiny.
5. The size and shape of shadows are not always the same.
6. The brightness of light is called intensity.
7. If the surface is further away the shadow appears much larger.
8. Eclipses can be partial or total.

True False: (Book exercise B, page 118)

1. Total solar eclipses occur quite often. (F)
2. The phases of the moon are caused when the shadow of the Earth falls on the moon. (T)
3. Light is the fastest thing in the universe. (T)
4. The umbra is a very dark shadow with sharp edges. (T)
5. The brightness of light is called its intensity. (T)
6. Dark colours reflect more light than light colours. (F)
7. Smooth surfaces reflect more light than rough ones. (T)
8. A shadow is always smaller than the object itself. (F)

Question Answer:
1. What are shadows?
Ans: Shadows are formed on the side of opaque objects, where light cannot reach. The dark part of the shadow
is called umbra and the lighter part is called penumbra.
2. What do shadows depend on?
Ans: Shadows depend on: a) The type and size of the object
b) The intensity of light
c) The distance between the source of light, the object and the surface.
3. What are eclipses?
Ans: When the sun, earth and moon are directly in line with each other, an eclipse takes place.
4. What is a solar eclipse?
Ans: A solar eclipse is when the moon comes between the earth and blocks the sun’s light.
Name the following:
1. Objects which reflect light - White objects.
2. Objects which absorb light - Dark surfaces.
3. Objects through which light cannot pass – opaque.
4. Objects which only allow a little light to pass – translucent.
5. Objects which allow light to pass through them quite easily – transparent.

Matching:
1. Umbra – dark shadow.
2. Penumbra – a lighter shadow.
3. Opaque – light cannot pass through.
4. Translucent – a little light can pass through.
5. Transparent – light can pass through.
6. Luminous – gives off light.

Diagram:
Draw and label the diagram of “Lunar eclipse” from page 117