1. What does CPU stand for? What does it do?

CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. The CPU of any computer comprises of
millions of electronic parts & is responsible for outputting tangible, useful information based
on any input data, algorithms, or other processes.
2. What is ROM? Why is also called firmware?
ROM stands for “Read-only memory” and is a non-volatile memory type that permanently
encodes given data onto a chip and stores it; this data is designed to not be overwritten, so it
is used to store the components of basic functions of a computer, and thus, is critical for
coordination between the different hardware types in a computer.
Firmware can be defined as data & code that is permanently inscribed in a computer and can
only be accessed in the read-only state (like ROM); it exists on the boundary between
hardware and software, thus the name.
3. What is the purpose of computer memory? Why is it important?
Memory is the electronic storage facility wherein a computer stores all the
data/information required for its basic functions (operating systems, cooling mechanisms,
etc.); without built-in computer memory, a computer would not be able to function at all and
perform necessary tasks to sustain a program or other software.
4. What is the main purpose of storage devices?
Storage devices are designed specifically to store data for extended periods of time; these
devices are specifically designed to store only data (and not perform other functions),
reducing the probability that the data will be corrupted, lost, or easily destroyed.
5. What is cloud storage and how does it work?
Cloud storage refers to the storage of information, data, and other data files on the
Internet instead of using a local alternative, such as an external hard drive or internal storage.
Cloud storage providers, such as Google Drive and Microsoft Office, use remote servers in
data centers to remotely store any information, using the Internet as a de-facto
communication link between the data, its owner, and the servers that store it.
6. What are some examples of a pointing device?
Some examples of a pointing device are a mouse, trackpad, stylus, fingers (for
touchscreen input devices), and joysticks.
7. What is pen input? Give some examples.
 Pen input refers to input devices that interact with devices that are built to read input
from such devices, such as tablets. Some examples of pen input devices are styluses and
digital pens.
8. How can*** a computer be protected from power fluctuations?
A computer can be protected from power fluctuations through the use of an
uninterruptable power supply, specialized outlets & plug-in devices that maintain a standard
rate of power supply, and surge suppressors that prevent any damage to computer hardware
(because of power fluctuations).
9. What is a backup tool? Why is it recommended to backup data and files?
A backup tool is, most commonly, storage device(s) that stores data from an individual or a
business at an earlier point to prevent loss of information & value if something unexpected
happens. It is recommended to backup data and files in order to prevent a loss of it in case of
an unexpected software bug or other disturbance.
10. What is the difference between internal hard drives and external hard drives? Give brief
explanation.
Internal and external hard drives serve the same function, but as the names suggest, internal
hard drives exist within the computer and store basic information (such as the operating
system). External hard drives are external and need to be connected to a device via cable to
store any data.
11. What is the function of a bus? Give an example.
A system bus in a computer is a process used by the CPU to share data and other
information between various aspects/components of computer hardware, such as memory.
Computer system cards, video cards, eSATA, and SATA ports are all examples/parts of a
system bus(es).
12. What is the difference between input devices and output devices? List a few examples
of both types of devices.
Input devices are designed to record any information inputted by the user and communicate
it to the computer’s hardware, whereas output devices take the output generated by the
computer’s processors (based on the data given by the input devices) and display it to the
user in a tangible way.
Some examples of input devices are microphone, keyboard, and web camera
Some examples of output devices are monitor, speaker, and printer.
13. What is RAM? Is it volatile? Why or why not?
RAM in a computer is “Random Accessible Memory” and is the computer’s short-term
memory bank. It is volatile (depending on the type of RAM in a computer) because it stores
immediate information accessed by the user, such as data in an online game & can be erased
easily given slightly unfavorable circumstances; however, RAM offers fast access to any
stored information, as opposed to storage.
14. What is plug-and-play technology? Why is it useful?
Plug-and-play technology can be defined as computer technology that is ready to use
immediately after connecting it to a computer, such as a USB stick or a printer. Plug-and-play
technology allows for fast & efficient communications between devices, improving the user
experience the monetary value of such interactions.