Inspection and Quality Assurance

Submitted by:
Name: Muhammad Musa Raja

Reg no: 2021-MM-11

Department: Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

Submitted to:

Dr. Asif Rafiq

University of Engineering

And

Technology
Torsion Test:

This test involves the twisting of a sample along an axis and is a useful test
for acquiring information like shear stress, shear strain, ultimate shear strength, breaking
angle of a material, etc. In torsion test, there is no change in length and no change in area
in the sample, and also there would be no effect on the central region of the sample, only
the surface region of the sample would be effected.

Instrumentation:

Torsion testing machine:

The instrument should have both moving side or one moving or one fixed
side, due to which we hold the sample from one side and rotate from another side.

Fig1: Torsion testing machine

Tropometer:

This instrument is used to measure the angle of twist in the sample.

Fig2: Tropometer
What output we get?

 Uniform deformation up to ultimate shear strength.

 Gradient strain
 Localized deformation at barrel region.
 Increase in angle of twist.

Uniform deformation: In the range of stresses between shear strength and the beginning
of barrel-region, the plastic deformation occurs uniformly.

Localized deformation: The deformation energy is dissipated in a smaller region leading

to greater localized temperature. This type of deformation range between barrel-region up
to failure point.

Gradient strain: The important and sensitive indicators of the sample health information.

Angle of twist: The angle through which fixed end of a shaft rotates with respect to the
free end. We can measure angle of twist with the help of an instrument called tropometer.

There are different type of testing in torsion test, in which the following are:

1. Proof testing:

In case of torsion test, a proof test is designed to observe the material under
a specified torque load over a set period of time. In other words, it is a form of stress test
to demonstrate the fitness of a load bearing structure.

2. Operational testing:

It involves a deployed system and are usually conducted to measure in-the-

field performance and user-system interaction effects. In torsion test, we operate for a
certain number of cycles. Fracture will appear after certain number of twists.

3. Failure testing:
 It is the process of analyzing a failed test to see what went wrong. In this type
of testing we test the material until it breaks or fails. In case of torsion test, fracture will
appear after certain number of twists.

Failure types:

There are two types of failure point, ductile and brittle failure depends on the
mechanical properties of a sample.

Mechanical properties we get from torsion test:

The mechanical properties we get from torsion test are modulus of

elasticity in shear, yield shear strength, ultimate shear strength, modulus of rupture in shear
and ductility.

Graph:

Fig3: Graph between shear stress and shear strain

Sample:

A sample for torsion test should be a longitudinal or shaft like.

Applications:

There are different applications of torsion test such as, shafts, nuts, bolts, etc.