Strengthening for Strengthening for

Flexure and Shear

using EB FRP Reinforcement
Tams NAGY- GYRGY
Lect urer, CE, Ph. D.
Flexural strengthening
fib
Flexural strengthening
Initial situation Initial situation
Initial load M
o
= service moment acting during strengthening
M
o
is typically larger than the cracking moment M
cr
the calculation is based on a cracked section
Flexural strengthening
fib
Flexural strengthening
Failure modes Ultimate Limit States Failure modes Ultimate Limit States
1. full composite action of concrete and FRP is maintained
until the concrete reaches crushing in compression or the
FRP fails in tension (such failure modes may also be characterized as
classical) classical )
2. composite action is lost prior to class 1 failure, e.g. due to
li ff f th FRP peeling-off of the FRP
Flexural strengthening
fib
Flexural strengthening
Failure modes Full composite action Failure modes Full composite action
- Steel yielding followed by concrete crushing
- Steel yielding followed by FRP fracture
- Concrete crushing
(high reinforcement ratiosbrittle and undesirable failure mode)
Flexural strengthening
fib
Flexural strengthening
Failure modes Loss of composite action Failure modes Loss of composite action
- Debonding and bond failure modes
Flexural strengthening
fib
Flexural strengthening
Bond behaviour of RC members strengthened with FRP
Most failures observed caused by peelingoff of the EBR element.
These depends on the starting point:
in an uncracked
anchorage zone
caused at
flexural cracks
caused at
shear cracks
caused by the unevenness
of the concrete surface
Flexural strengthening
fib
Flexural strengthening
Bond behaviour of RC members strengthened with FRP
Also was observed FRP end shear failure (or concrete ripoff)
Shear strengthening
fib
Shear strengthening
Shear strengthening
fib
Shear strengthening
Design model in the ULS Design model in the ULS
V
Rd
= min (V
cd
+ V
wd
+ V
fd
, V
Rd2
)
V
fd
= 0.9 c
fd,e
E
fu

f
b
w
d (cot u + cot o) sin o
c
fd,e
= design value of effective FRP strain
b = minimum width of cross section over the effective depth b
w
= minimum width of cross section over the effective depth
d = effective depth of cross section

f
= FRP reinforcement ratio equal to 2t
f
sino / b
w
for continuously bonded shear
reinforcement of thickness t
f
or (2t
f
/b
w
)(b
f
/s
f
) for FRP reinforcement in the form of
strips or sheets of width bf at a spacing s
f
strips or sheets of width bf at a spacing s
f
E
fu
= elastic modulus of FRP in the principal fibre orientation
u = angle of diagonal crack with respect to the member axis, assumed equal to 45
o = angle between principal fibre orientation and longitudinal axis of member
Shear strengthening
fib
Shear strengthening
Design model in the ULS Design model in the ULS
V
fd
= 0.9 c
fd,e
E
fu

f
b
w
d (cot u + cot o) sin o
c
fk,e
= k c
f,e
k = 0.8
c
fd,e
= c
fk,e
/
f

f
= 1.3
fk,e f,e
fu
.
f fu
/
cm
e , f
E
f
. c
|
|
.
|

\
|

= c
30 0
3 2
17 0
Fully wrapped (or properly anchored) CFRP - FRP fracture controls:
Side or U-shaped CFRP jackets:
(
(

c
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

= c

fu
.
f fu
/
cm
.
f fu
/
cm
e , f
E
f
. ; x
E
f
. min
30 0
3 2
3
56 0
3 2
17 0 10 65 0
Fully wrapped AFRP (FRP fracture controls):
fu
.
f fu
/
cm
e , f
E
f
. c
|
|
.
|

\
|

= c
47 0
3 2
048 0
Note that in the equations ( ) fcm is in MPa and Efu is in GPa.
Shear strengthening
Taljsten
Shear strengthening
Design model in the ULS Design model in the ULS
Where f = 0.6fu
Confinement
fib
Confinement
Confinement Confinement
Comparison of the axial compressive stress as a function of the
axial strain for an unreinforced, reinforced with steel stirrups and
FRP wrapped column after Holloway and Head (2001) FRP-wrapped column, after Holloway and Head, (2001).
Confinement
fib
Confinement
(
o
c
/

f
c
k

)
(c
c
/ c
cc
)
Confinement
fib
Confinement
Circular column
!
Continuous confinement Confinement with gaps
!
c
f
= c
fu
Confinement
Teng et. al.
Confinement
Rectangular column
!!