IB Math AA SL Questionbank - Trigonometric Functions

2/14/23, 8:13 AM IB Math AA SL Questionbank - Trigonometric Functions
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IB MATH AA SL - QUESTIONBANK
Trigonometric Functions
Circular Functions, The Unit Circle, Trig Ratios, Trig Identities, Solving Trig Equations,
Trig Graphs…
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Question 1 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f (x) = a sin bx, for x ∈ R. The following diagram shows part of the graph of f .
(a) (i) Write down the amplitude of f .
(ii) Find the value of a. [3]
(b) (i) Write down the period of f .
(ii) Find the value of b. [3]
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Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete
Question 2 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f (x) = a cos bx, for x ∈ R, where b > 0.
Part of the graph of f is shown on the diagram below.
(a) Find the value of a. [2]
(b) Find:
(i) the period of f ;
(ii) the value of b. [4]
Question 3 EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
Let f (x) = a cos bx + d, for x ∈ R, where b > 0.
(a) Find the value of a. [2]
(b) (i) Write down the period of f .
(ii) Find the value of b. [3]
(c) Find the value of d. [2]
Question 4 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
A function is defined by f (x) = a cos(bx) + d, for x ∈ R, where b > 0.
The graph of f has a minimum at A(2, −5) and a maximum at B(4, 3).
Find the value of:
(a) a; [2]
(b) b; [2]
(c) d. [2]
Question 5 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following diagram shows the curve y = a cos(k(x − d)) + c where a, k, d and c are all positive constants. The
curve has a minimum point at (1.5, 2) and a maximum point at (3.5, 7).
(a) Write down the value of a and the value of c. [2]
(b) Find the value of k . [2]
(c) Find the smallest possible value of d, given d > 0. [2]
Question 6 EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
3
Given that sin x = , where x is an acute angle, find:
5

(a) cos x; [3]
(b) sin 2x; [2]
(c) cos 2x. [2]
Question 7 EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
2
Let sin x = , where x is obtuse.
3

(a) Find cos x. [3]
(b) Find cos 2x. [2]
Question 8 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f (x) = 3 sin(πx) + 1.
(a) Write down the amplitude of f . [1]
(b) Find the period of f . [2]
(c) On the following grid, sketch the graph of f , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4. [3]
Question 9 EASY
[Maximum mark: 8]
Let f (x) = p sin(qx) + r, for x ∈ R.
The graph of f has a minimum at A(3, −1) and a maximum at B(9, 5).
(a) (i) Find the period of f .
(ii) Hence find the value of q . [3]
(b) Find the values of:
(i) p;
(ii) r. [3]
(c) Solve f (x) = 4, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 15. [2]
Question 10 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following diagram shows the curve y = a sin(k(x − d)) + c where a, k, d and c are all positive constants. The
curve has a minimum point at (1.5, 1) and a maximum point at (3, 7).
(a) Write down the value of a and the value of c. [2]
(b) Find the value of k . [2]
(c) Find the smallest possible value of d, given d > 0. [2]
Question 11 EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
π π
Let f (x) = sin(x + ) + q . The graph of f passes through the point ( , 5).
6 3

(a) Find the value of q . [3]
(b) Find the maximum value of f . [2]
Let g(x) = sin x. The graph of g is translated to the graph of f by the vector ( ).
a
b

(c) Write down the values of a and b. [2]
Question 12 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
Solve 3 tan x + 1 = 0, for 0 ≤ x ≤ π .

Question 13 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 5]
The height, h metres, of a seat on a Ferris wheel after t minutes is given by
h(t) = −23.5 cos(0.4t) + 25, for t ≥ 0.

(a) Find the initial height of the seat. [2]
Once a passenger's seat is more than 30 m above the ground, there are no trees in view and they can take
unobstructed photographs of a nearby city.
(b) Given that passengers only complete one rotation on the Ferris wheel, calculate how long they can take
unobstructed photographs of the nearby city. [3]
Question 14 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
A ball on an elastic string is attached to the ceiling. It is pulled down and released. As the ball bounces up and
down, the length of the elastic string, L cm, is modelled by the function L = 80 + 30 cos(πt), where t is the time in
seconds after release.
(a) Find the length of the string after 1.5 seconds. [2]
(b) Find the minimum length of the string. [2]
(c) Find the first time after release that the string is 70 cm. [3]
Question 15 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
A Ferris wheel with diameter 80 metres rotates at a constant speed. The lowest point on the wheel is 14 metres
above the ground, as shown on the following diagram. P is a point on the wheel. The wheel starts moving with P at
the lowest point and completes one revolution in 12 minutes.
The height, h metres, of P above the ground after t minutes is given by h(t) = a cos(bt) + c, where a, b, c ∈ R.
Find the values of a, b and c.
Question 16 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
sin 2x π
Solve − 1 = 0, for ≤ x ≤ π .
cos x 2

Question 17 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
4
Given that sin x = , where x is an obtuse angle, find the value of:
5

(a) cos x; [2]
(b) cos 2x; [2]
(c) tan 2x. [3]
Question 18 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
The Singapore Flyer is a giant observation wheel in Singapore with diameter of 150 metres. The wheel rotates at a
constant speed and completes one rotation in 32 minutes. The bottom of the wheel is d metres above the ground.
A seat starts at the bottom of the wheel.
(a) After 16 minutes, the seat is 165 metres above the ground. Find d. [2]
After t minutes, the height of the seat above the ground is given by
π
h(t) = 90 + a cos( t), for 0 ≤ t ≤ 64.
16

(b) Find the value of a. [2]
(c) Find when the seat is 60 metres above the ground for the third time. [3]
Question 19 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
2
2 π
Given that sin x = , for ≤ x ≤ π , find the value of:
3 2

(a) cos x; [3]
(b) tan 2x. [5]
Question 20 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 14]
Let f (x) = 3 cos(2x) + 5, for x ∈ R.
The range of f is p ≤ f (x) ≤ q .
(a) Find the value of p and the value of q . [3]
Let g(x) = 4f (3x), for x ∈ R.
(b) Find the range of g . [3]
The function g can be written in the form g(x) = 12 cos(kx) + c.
(c) (i) Find the value of k and the value of c.
(ii) Find the period of g . [5]
2π
The equation g(x) = 10 has two solutions for ≤ x ≤ π.
3

(d) Find both solutions. [3]
Question 21 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
A function is defined by f (x) = a cos(kx) + c, for −π ≤ x ≤ π , where k > 0.
Part of the graph of y = f (x) is shown on the diagram below.
(a) Find the value of:
(i) a;
(ii) k ;
(iii) c. [4]
(b) Solve f (x) = 2, for 0 ≤ x ≤ π . [2]
Question 22 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 9]
Let f (x) = a sin(k(x − d)) + c, for 1 ≤ x ≤ 7.
The graph of f is shown on the diagram below.
The graph of f has a maximum at A(2, 5) and a minimum at B(4, 1).
(a) Find the value of:
(i) a;
(ii) c. [3]
(b) (i) Find the value of k .
(ii) Find the smallest possible value of d, given d > 0. [4]
0
The graph of f is translated by a vector ( ) to give the graph of a function g
b

such that g(x) = 3 has only one solution in the given domain.
(c) Find the value of b. [2]
Question 23 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 13]

π π
Let f (x) = sin( x) + cos( x), for 0 ≤ x ≤ 8.
3 3

(a) Find the values of x where f has a positive rate of change. [4]
π
The function f can be written in the form f (x) = a cos( (x − d)) where 6 ≤ d ≤ 9.
3

(b) Find the value of:
(i) a;
(ii) d. [5]
(c) Solve f (x) = 1, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 8. [4]
Question 24 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
A particle moves in a straight line with velocity v(t) = 2 sin 2t + 1, for t ≥ 0, where v is in ms−1 and t in seconds.
(a) Find the initial velocity of the particle. [2]
(b) Find the value of t when the particle is first at rest. [3]
(c) Find the value of t when the particle first reaches its maximum velocity. [3]
Question 25 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
Solve the equation cos 2x − sin2 x = cos2 x + 3 cos x, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .
Question 26 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
The expression 8 sin x cos x can be written in the form p sin qx.
(a) Find the value of p and the value of q . [3]

π π
(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation 8 sin x cos x = 2 3, for ≤x≤ . [4]
4 2

Question 27 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
(a) Show that the equation 2 sin2 x + cos x = 1 may be written in the form 2 cos2 x − cos x − 1 = 0. [1]
(b) Hence, solve the equation 2 sin2 x + cos x = 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π . [5]
Question 28 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 14]
A man walks toward a windmill that has four blades rotating around a centre O. The man starts at point M, 50
metres away from the base of the windmill, and passes through point N as shown in the following diagram.
(a) Given that the angle of elevation from point M to point O is 0.3 radians, find the height of point O above the
ground. [2]
The man walks at a speed of 3 kmh−1 and reaches point N after 18 seconds.
(b) Find the angle of elevation from point N to point O. [3]
When the man reaches the base of the windmill, the end of a blade, labelled point P, passes 9.7 metres over his
head.
(c) Given that he is 1.8 m tall, find the length of each blade of the windmill. [2]
Blade P keeps rotating around the centre point O. Its height, h metres, above the ground t seconds after passing
over his head can be modelled by
h(t) = a cos ( t) + b, where a, b ∈ R

π
12

(d) Find the value of a and the value of b. [4]
(e) Blade P completes n full rotations in the first four minutes. Find the value of n. [3]
Question 29 HARD
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following diagram shows triangle ABC. Point D lies on [AC] so that [DB]
bisects CB̂ A. The area of the triangle ABC is 3 cm2 .
3
AB = 2 7 cm, BC = x cm, and CB̂D = θ, where sin θ =
4

a
Find the value of x in the form of where a and b are positive integers.

Question 30 HARD
[Maximum mark: 6]
Find all solutions to the equation tan x − sin 2x = 0 where 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°.
Question 31 HARD
[Maximum mark: 6]
3 π
Given that cos x = , where 0 < x < , find the value of sin 4x.
4 2

Question 32 HARD
[Maximum mark: 8]
(a) Show that cos 2x + sin 2x + 1 = 2 cos x(cos x + sin x). [2]
(b) Hence or otherwise, solve cos 2x + sin 2x = cos x + sin x − 1 for 0 < x < 2π . [6]
Question 33 HARD
[Maximum mark: 6]
π
Solve log 3 (sin x) − log 3 (cos x) = 1, for 0 < x < .
2


Question 34 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
Consider the function f (x) = sin x, for x ∈ R, where x is in radians.
(a) Write down:

(i) the maximum value of f ;
(ii) the smallest positive value of x for which the maximum of f occurs. [3]
), for x ∈ R, where x is in radians.

π
Let g(x) = 2 sin(x +
4

(b) (i) Determine the two transformations the graph of f undergoes to form the graph of g .
(ii) Hence find the maximum value of g and the smallest positive value of x for which this maximum occurs. [4]
4
Let h(x) = , for x ∈ R, where x is in radians.
2 sin(x + π4 ) − 3

(c) Determine if the graph of h has a vertical asymptote. Justify your answer. [4]
(d) Find the range of h. [4]
Question 35 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
The following diagram shows the graph of f (x) = a sin kx + c , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 16.
The graph of f has a minimum at P(4, 8) and a maximum at Q(12, 16).
(a) (i) Find the value of c.
π
(ii) Show that k = .
8

(iii) Find the value of a. [6]
The graph of g is obtained from the graph of f by a translation of ( ).

d
0

The minimum point on the graph of g has coordinates (6.5, 8).
(b) (i) Write down the value of d.
(ii) Find g(x). [3]
The graph of g changes from concave-up to concave-down when x = ν .
(c) (i) Find ν .
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the maximum positive rate of change of g . [6]
Question 36 HARD
[Maximum mark: 16]
The London Eye is an observation wheel in England with diameter of 120 metres. The wheel rotates at a constant
speed and completes 2.5 rotations every hour. The bottom of the wheel is 15 metres above the ground.
A seat starts at the bottom of the wheel.
(a) Find the maximum height above the ground of the seat. [2]
After t minutes, the height h metres above the ground of the seat is given by
h(t) = 75 + a cos(bt), b > 0.
(b) (i) Show that the period of h is 24 minutes.
(ii) Write down the exact value of b. [2]
(c) Find the value of a. [3]
(d) Sketch the graph of h, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 48. [4]
(e) In one rotation of the wheel, find the probability that a randomly selected seat is at least 110 metres above the
ground. [5]
Question 37 HARD
[Maximum mark: 7]
5 2x2 − 7x − 4 [2]
(a) Show that 2x − 9 + = , x ∈ R, x =
 −1.
x+1 x+1

5 3π [5]
(b) Hence, solve the equation 2 sin 2θ − 9 + = 0 for 0 ≤ θ ≤ π , θ 
= .
sin 2θ + 1 4

Question 38 HARD
[Maximum mark: 7]
Solve the equation cos 2x + cos x = 1 + sin 2x − sin x, for x ∈ [−π, π].
Question 39 HARD
[Maximum mark: 10]

π
Let g(x) = −4x − and h(x) = 5 cos x − 1, for x ∈ R.
3

π
(a) Show that (h ∘ g)(x) = 5 cos (−4x − ) − 1. [1]
3

(b) Find the range of h ∘ g . [2]

5 5
5π 5π
(c) Given that (h ∘ g)( ) = 4, find the next value of x, greater than ,
12 12

for which (h ∘ g)(x) = 4. [2]
(d) The graph of y = (h ∘ g)(x) can be obtained by applying five transformations to the graph of y = cos x. State
what the five transformations represent geometrically and give the order in which they are applied. [5]
Question 40 HARD
[Maximum mark: 16]
The diagram below shows the graph of f (x) = a sin(k(x − d)) + c, for 2 ≤ x ≤ 14.
The graph of f has a maximum at P(5, 15) and a minimum at Q(11, −5).
(a) Write down the value of:
(i) a;
(ii) c. [3]
π
(b) (i) Show that k = .
6

(ii) Find the smallest possible value of d, given d > 0. [4]
(c) Find f ′ (x). [3]
5π [6]
(d) At a point R, the gradient is − . Find the x-coordinate of R.
3


Question 41 HARD
[Maximum mark: 14]
Let f (x) = sin x − 3 cos x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .

The following diagram shows the graph of f .
The curve crosses the x-axis at A and C and has a maximum at point B .
(a) Find the exact coordinates of A and of C . [6]
(b) Find f ′ (x). [2]
(c) Find the coordinates of B . [6]
Question 42 HARD
[Maximum mark: 8]
(a) Given that θ = 18° satisfies the equation 4 sin2 θ + 2 sin θ − 1 = 0, find the value of sin 18°. [2]
(b) Hence find the value of cos 36°. [3]
The following diagram shows the triangle ABC where AB = 4 cm, BC = 5 cm and CB̂A = 36°.
(c) Find AC in the form a + b 5 cm where a, b ∈ Z.

[3]
Question 43 HARD
[Maximum mark: 5]
π π
Let f (x) = tan(x − π) sin (x + ) where 0 < x < .
2 2

Express f (x) in terms of sin x and/or cos x.
Question 44 HARD
[Maximum mark: 8]
(a) Show that log16 (cos 2x + 7) = log4

cos 2x + 7.
[3]
π
(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve log4 ( 10 cos x) = log16 (cos 2x + 7), for 0 < x < . [5]
2

Question 45 HARD
[Maximum mark: 6]
1
Given that sin x − cos x = , find cos 8x, rounding your answer to 3 significant
4

figures.
Question 46 HARD
[Maximum mark: 13]

π
A function, f , is defined by f (x) = 6.2 sin( (x − 7.5))+ c, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 15,
9

where c ∈ R.
(a) Find the period of f . [2]
The function f has a minimum at A(3, 11.8) and a maximum at B(12, 24.2).
(b) (i) Find the value of c.
(ii) Hence find the value of f (9). [4]
2π
A second function, g , is defined by g(x) = a sin( (x + 2.25))+ b, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 15,
15

where a, b ∈ R.
The function g passes through the points P(1.5, 14.5) and Q(14, 10.2).
(c) Find the value of a and the value of b. [5]
(d) Find the value of x for which the functions have the greatest difference. [2]
Question 47 HARD
[Maximum mark: 8]
(a) Show that log2 3 − cos 2x = log4 (3 − cos 2x).

[3]
1 π [5]
(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve log4 (3 sin x) + = log2 3 − cos 2x, for 0 < x < .
4 2

Question 48 HARD
[Maximum mark: 14]

The following diagram shows a ball attached to the end of a spring, which is suspended from a ceiling.
The height, h metres of the ball above the ground at time t seconds after being released can be modelled by the
function h(t) = 0.5 cos(πt) + 2.2, where t ≥ 0.
(a) Find the height of the ball above the ground when it is released. [2]
(b) Find the minimum height of the ball above the ground. [2]
(c) Show that the ball takes 2 seconds to return to its initial height above the ground for the first time. [2]
(d) For the first 2 seconds of its motion, determine the amount of the time that the ball is less than 2.2 + 0.25 2
meters above the ground. [5]
1
(e) Find the rate of change of the ball's height above the ground when t = .
3

Give your answer in the form pπ q ms−1 , where p ∈ Q and q ∈ Z+

[3]
Question 49 HARD
[Maximum mark: 7]
A curve is given by the equation y = cos(2π sin x).
dy
Find the coordinates of all the points on the curve for which = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ π .
dx

Question 50 HARD
[Maximum mark: 8]
A curve is given by the equation y = cos(2π cos x).
dy
Find the coordinates of all the points on the curve for which = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ π .
dx

Question 51 HARD
[Maximum mark: 9]
1 [3]
(a) Show that log 12 = log4 (2 cos(2x) + 11).
2 cos(2x) + 11

1 3 π [6]
(b) Hence, solve log 1 = + log4 ( 3 cos x), for 0 < x < .
2 cos(2x) + 11 2 2

2

Question 52 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
The first two terms of an infinite geometric sequence are u1 = 20 and u2 = 16 sin2 θ, where 0 < θ < 2π , and θ =
 π.
(a) (i) Find an expression for r in terms of θ.
(ii) Find the possible values of r. [5]
100 [4]
(b) Show that the sum of the infinite sequence is .
3 + 2 cos 2θ

(c) Find the values of θ which give the greatest value of the sum. [6]
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2/14/23, 8:13 AM IB Math AA SL Questionbank - Trigonometric Functions

(a) (i) Write down the amplitude of f .

(ii) Find the value of a. [3]

(b) (i) Write down the period of f .

(ii) Find the value of b. [3]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

Let f (x) = a cos bx, for x ∈ R, where b > 0.

Part of the graph of f is shown on the diagram below.

(a) Find the value of a. [2]

(ii) the value of b. [4]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

Let f (x) = a cos bx + d, for x ∈ R, where b > 0.

Part of the graph of f is shown on the diagram below.

(a) Find the value of a. [2]

(b) (i) Write down the period of f .

(ii) Find the value of b. [3]

(c) Find the value of d. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

A function is defined by f (x) = a cos(bx) + d, for x ∈ R, where b > 0.

Part of the graph of f is shown on the diagram below.

Find the value of:

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(a) Write down the value of a and the value of c. [2]

(b) Find the value of k . [2]

(c) Find the smallest possible value of d, given d > 0. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(a) cos x; [3]

(b) sin 2x; [2]

(c) cos 2x. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(a) Find cos x. [3]

(b) Find cos 2x. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

Let f (x) = 3 sin(πx) + 1.

(a) Write down the amplitude of f . [1]

(b) Find the period of f . [2]

(c) On the following grid, sketch the graph of f , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4. [3]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

Let f (x) = p sin(qx) + r, for x ∈ R.

Part of the graph of f is shown on the diagram below.

(a) (i) Find the period of f .

(ii) Hence find the value of q . [3]

(b) Find the values of:

(c) Solve f (x) = 4, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 15. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(a) Write down the value of a and the value of c. [2]

(b) Find the value of k . [2]

(c) Find the smallest possible value of d, given d > 0. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(a) Find the value of q . [3]

(b) Find the maximum value of f . [2]

(c) Write down the values of a and b. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

Solve 3 tan x + 1 = 0, for 0 ≤ x ≤ π .

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

The height, h metres, of a seat on a Ferris wheel after t minutes is given by

h(t) = −23.5 cos(0.4t) + 25, for t ≥ 0.

(a) Find the initial height of the seat. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete