ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2023

Impact Factor: 7.301

Breaking Barriers in Space Communication :

Advancements in Deep Space Satellite Technology
Mr. Sharan L Pais1, Srusti PS2, Srideeksha G3, Sooraj4, Srikanth Raju5, Srujan KM6
Faculty, Department of Information Science and Engineering1
Students, Department of Information Science and Engineering2,3,4,5,6
Alva’s Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mijar, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

Abstract: Deep space satellite communication is the term used to describe communication between Earth
and satellites or spacecraft that are orbiting the planet outside of its sphere of influence. Sending signals
from Earth to the spacecraft and receiving data, pictures, and other information sent back by the spacecraft
constitute the communication process. For space exploration and study, deep space communication is
essential because it enables us to gather important data about our solar system and beyond. Yet, because of
the distance involved and the possibility of noise and interference interfering with the signal, deep space
communication is fraught with difficulties.

Keywords: Deep space satellite

I. INTRODUCTION
We already know how far technology has come in the world. Birds, writing, and other methods of communication were
all developed by our ancestors. Communication became more sophisticated as technology improved. Now that there are
many telephones, mobile phones later entered the market and spread across the world. The market also saw the
introduction of the 5G version of the Internet. A number of technologies, including big antennas, powerful transmitters,
and sophisticated signal processing methods, are used to make deep space communication possible. Together, these
technologies enable signal transmission and reception over great distances, enabling communication with spacecraft
even when they are billions of kilometres away. In conclusion, deep space communication is essential for allowing us to
explore the universe and deepen our understanding of it.

1.1 Body
There is a lot of background noise that interferes with our communications when we are in deep space. The
environment, planets, and satellites are a few of the sources of this noise. We need to employ strategies that can deal
with this noise in order to communicate consistently. Researchers have looked into various strategies for enhancing
communication in deep space, including using Free Space Optics (FSO) communication and unique transfer techniques.
One method they suggest is known as Deep Space Hybrid Automatic Rate Request (DS-HARQ), which works to lessen
communication errors by asking for the data to be sent again in the event that it is not correctly received. This method
can assist in overcoming the difficulties of deep space communication and guarantee that we receive the information we
require from space missions. Connecting is necessary.

1.2 Spacecraft Radio System

The NASA report has not yet addressed the spacecraft itself, which is an amazing technological achievement. Deep
space communication and the DSN administration have been the main topics of discussion. Despite not being under the
control of the DSN organisation, the spacecraft radio system is an essential component of deep space communication.
The flight project organisation designed and provided the individual radio system for each spacecraft. The DSN
organisation is in charge of ensuring that the radio system of the spacecraft is compatible with its hardware and
networks.

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-8906 697

www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2023

Impact Factor: 7.301

What happens if Satelite can’t catch the network ?

The instructions or data that are being sent to a satellite may not reach it if the satellite is unable to receive a signal. A
loss of communication or the satellite's inability to carry out its intended mission could happen as a result. The satellite
may occasionally enter a safe mode, a preprogrammed state created to protect the satellite's health until communication
can be resumed, if the signal is lost for an extended period of time. A loss of signal could have serious repercussions if
the satellite is in a crucial stage of its mission, such as during a landing or other manoeuvre. Therefore, maintaining
dependable satellite communication is essential for the accomplishment of space missions.

Why it happens ?
The weaker the signal gets, the farther away a satellite is. A weak signal might prevent the satellite from picking it up.
The interference is It may be challenging for the satellite to detect the signal due to interference from other sources of
electromagnetic radiation, such as other satellites or space debris. The satellite might not be able to receive signals if its
communication hardware is broken or unreliable. When it comes to satellites in low Earth orbit, atmospheric conditions
can particularly affect the signal. The atmosphere may obstruct or absorb the signal, making it challenging for the
satellite to receive.
A satellite is farther away the weaker the signal becomes. The satellite might be unable to detect it if the signal is weak.
The disruption is Due to electromagnetic radiation interference from other sources, such as other satellites or space
debris, it might be difficult for the satellite to detect the signal. If the satellite's communication hardware is
malfunctioning or unreliable, it may not be able to receive signals. The signal can be particularly impacted by
atmospheric conditions for satellites in low Earth orbit. The satellite may have trouble receiving the signal if the
atmosphere blocks it or absorbs it.
The spacecraft can only receive data and commands from Earth during a one-way link. The spacecraft can
communicate with Earth in a two-way fashion, receiving data and commands while also returning data. This two-way
communication enables the spacecraft to carry out tasks like sending back data and images, allowing for more complex
operations.

II. CONCLUSION
In comparison to the early days of space exploration, deep space satellite communication has advanced significantly.
With the development of more reliable and efficient ways to communicate with spacecraft that are millions of miles
from Earth, we have made significant progress in the field of technology. The use of highly sensitive antennas and
receivers that can detect incredibly weak signals from space is one of the most important developments in deep space
satellite communication.
The use of high-frequency radio waves, such as X-band and Ka-band, which have higher data rates and less interference
than the conventional S-band frequency, is another development in deep space satellite communication. Additionally,
these high-frequency waves can be used to more precisely position and navigate spacecraft. Additionally, software-
defined radios (SDR) and cognitive radios have made significant strides in their development. Because they can adjust
to shifting communication conditions and frequency allocations, these radios are perfect for deep space communication,
where signal degradation and interference are frequent. Last but not least, the application of optical communication
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-8906 698
www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2023

Impact Factor: 7.301

technology, such as laser communication, has also demonstrated great promise in enabling high-speed data transmission
over significant distances in space. Data can be transmitted using laser communication at up to several gigabits per
second, which is a huge improvement over radio communication traditionally.
Overall, these advancements in deep space satellite communication have enabled us to explore and study our solar
system in greater detail than ever before.

REFERENCES
[1]. Yongin Jeon, Chunghyun Lee, Sungrae Cho, Taeyun Ha, Donghyun Lee, Junsuk Oh, and others from the 2022
13th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence are the authors
who are recommended (ICTC)
[2]. The NASA Deep Space Network: A History, 1957–1997:
[3]. Doug J. Mudgway, Uplink-Downlink

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-8906 699

www.ijarsct.co.in