HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY

School of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Architecture

Research Work:

Development of a Pandemic-Responsive
Community

Architectural Design 7: Community Architecture and Urban Design

BY:

David, Angel Pauline

David, Jaycel
Pineda, Mary Joy
Tolentino, Samantha Rose

This research presents ideas to aid the planning of a safe, durable, community design that also gives utmost
consideration to its environment and disaster resiliency. The presented design standards are in accordance with the
National Building Code of the Philippines, RA9514 Revised Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008, BP 344
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) Amendments Minimum Requirements for Accessibility and, RA1378
Plumbing Law and IATF Safety Guidelines.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1
I. BENCHMARKED PROJECTS OF PARKS AND PLAYGROUNDS 2
Grant Park, Iowa 2
High Park, Toronto 3
Parc De Belleville, Paris 4
Drive-In Theater (SM Mall of Asia’s Event Grounds) 5
Cirencester Outdoor Market 6
II. ELEMENTS/COMPONENTS OF TROPICAL LANDSCAPE 7
Water Feature 7
Paving 7
Sizes and Coverage 7
Seating Areas 7
Theme 7
III. SPECIES OF TREES AND PLANTS 9
Bamboo 9
Bermuda Grass 11
Boxwood Shrubs Plants 12
Manila Palm Tree or Adonidia Merrillii 13
Narra Tree (Pterocarpus Indicus) 14
Fire Tree (Royal Poinciana, Flamboyant Tree, Peacock tree) 15
Vegetables for the Garden 16
IV. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION/TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS 19
Tensile Membrane Structure 19
Concrete Shell Structure 19
Geodesic Dome 20
V. ADDITIONAL RESEARCHES 22
Outdoor Activities To Offer 22
Inputs 27
VI. REFERENCES 29

I. BENCHMARKED PROJECTS OF PARKS AND PLAYGROUNDS
Grant Park, Iowa
DESCRIPTION
Grant Park, located at 605 SE
Driftwood Lane. The park is
equipped with walking paths,
new playground equipment, a
half-court basketball area, an
ice rink during the winter and
more. The 1.42 acre park also
includes space for restrooms,
parking, a half basketball
court and area for soccer
fields.
2
FEATURES/AMENITIES POSSIBLE APPLICATION
FOR PHASE 3
● Benches We will incorporate some of
the amenities found in Grant
● Picnic tables
park which are benches,
● Playground picnic tables, playground, and
restrooms. With the use of
● Restrooms
these amenities, users will be
● Soccer field able to enjoy and provide a
safe place to play or exercise
● Basketball court
for the users.
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High Park, Toronto

DESCRIPTION FEATURES/AMENITIES POSSIBLE APPLICATION

FOR PHASE 3

High Park is Toronto's largest
public park, with many hiking
trails, sports facilities, diverse
vegetation, a beautiful
lakefront, convenient parking,
easy public transit access, a dog
park, a zoo, children's
playgrounds, a couple of
eateries, greenhouses, picnic
areas, and a variety of events
throughout the year.
● Picnic Areas We will include picnic areas,
● Playgrounds playgrounds, walking trails,
● Public Tennis Courts benches, and tables in our
● Sports Fields parks. This will encourage the
● Walking Trails community dwellers to
● Outdoor Public Pool socialize with other
● Splash Pad community members. This
● Benches and Picnic will also encourage a walkable
Tables and beautiful place wherein
people may enjoy the view
while walking or jogging.
 4
Parc De Belleville, Paris

DESCRIPTION FEATURES/AMENITIES POSSIBLE APPLICATION

FOR PHASE 3

Until the 18th century, ● Watery Using inspiration from Parc

Belleville was only a rural Cascade/Waterscape De Belleville Park, we are
outpost with farms, ● Grass Field incorporating waterscape,
windmills, and open-air cafes. ● Picnic Area wooden playgrounds, curving
The Belleville park (45,000 ● Wooden Playground walkways, and grass fields
m2), built on top of the ● Curved Pathways into our own development
Belleville hill in 1988, ● Benches where residents may rest, eat,
provides an unobstructed sunbathe, and even meditate.
panoramic view of the
capital. The park also
includes 140 vines, each of
which produces 2 to 3
kilograms of grapes, as
evidence of the area's
wine-producing heritage.
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Drive-In Theater (SM Mall of Asia’s Event Grounds)

DESCRIPTION FEATURES/ POSSIBLE

AMENITIES APPLICATION FOR
PHASE 3

The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked ● Parking lots We will incorporate this
● Trees and design for the parking lots
a business revival for drive-in theaters.
greeneries beside the mini
It's a pastime that many people can ● Kiosks supermarket wherein the
● Led Stage area will be flexible into a
share while remaining physically
● Maintenance drive-in theater depending
separated. Since this time of the Room on what a community
wants to initiate.
pandemic, indoor movie theaters were
forced to temporarily shut down, and
drive-in theaters have been a go-to.
However, malls couldn't provide
drive-in-theaters due to lack of space
but for our design, we wanted to give
alternatives so no one will be left
behind, and even if there is a pandemic
they will be able to experience the
usual things.
 6

Cirencester Outdoor Market

DESCRIPTION FEATURES/ POSSIBLE APPLICATION

AMENITIES FOR PHASE 3

The Market Place in Cirencester is ● Kiosks This area will also be applied
a large, convenient location that is ● Delivery Area on the parking lots beside the
ideal for markets and community ● Trees and supermarket. The idea of
greeneries convertible spaces will
activities. Throughout the year, a
benefit the community,
variety of regular and specialty especially on the commercial
markets as well as community side.
events are held there.

Outdoor markets are suited for

sellers that cannot provide monthly
rent and sell cheap goods. In that
way, it can promote equity in the
community because it does not
usually sell branded products and
also gives opportunities and
businesses to all types of people. It
is also given that it helps in solving
the problem of COVID-19 and
also it is income generating.
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II. ELEMENTS/COMPONENTS OF TROPICAL LANDSCAPE

A tropical landscape must first have a warm, humid climate. Tropical landscaping employs a
variety of design components. In this kind of design, gardens, and groves full of vibrant, lush
plants, pink quartz stone items that reflect light, and possibly some figurines to bring exciting
surprises and character to the area are the primary themes that really stand out.

Water Feature
● If a natural source, such as a pond, stream, or waterfall, is not present, these designs
frequently contain some kind of water feature. The budget as well as the amount of space
available will determine the size and shape. Fountains made of stone or resin can be a
significant component of a tropical landscape.

Paving
● Pebbles, rocks, crushed shells, pots, or urns are used to round off the scenery. The
tropical feel of the spaces will be emphasized by using dark-colored pavers, such as those
set in light-colored stones, and meandering walkways through the garden.

Sizes and Coverage

● The arrangement and plant choices will affect the style you want to adapt. The design has
depth because of the levels of canopy, subcanopy, understorey, and ground cover. The
foundation of the garden will be made up of the thick, evergreen foliage of broad-leaf
plants including agaves, palms, bananas, and taro. These will offer shade to encourage the
lower-layer plants' growth.

Seating Areas
● Make sure not to allow your entire yard to become a jungle, rainforest, or other tropical
feels when developing one. Establish boundaries between seating places and larger plants
in your outdoor living spaces with low-growing borders or groundcovers. To delineate
entertaining zones, you may also think about using smaller tropical plants in containers as
a border.

Theme
● The foundation for your backyard paradise is provided by tropical landscaping, but the
ornamental accents will distinguish your outdoor living areas as tropical paradise. Every
element should convey the atmosphere of tropical décor, from the color of your cushions
to the design of the string lights you install around the boundaries of your patio.
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Incorporate tiki torches into your landscape lighting plan, hang a hammock between two
strong trees, and select teak, rattan, or wicker patio furniture.
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III. SPECIES OF TREES AND PLANTS

Bamboo

DESCRIPTION & FEATURES RECOMMENDED APPLICATION

● Natural bamboo can be used as a privacy ● Fences for residential areas as

screen since it grows more quickly and well as restaurants.
taller than shrubs and hedging, and it can ● Sound and noise barriers around
the plaza, commercial area, and
be cut to the desired heights and widths.
chapel.
● In many other regions of the world, ● Will also be encouraged to plant
bamboo is frequently used to build around residential areas and
windbreaks. In typhoon-prone areas and sidewalks
tropical regions with strong winds, bamboo ● Decorate plain walls
is frequently used as a wind break since it
is a flexible plant that can bend and sway in
even the fiercest gusts. Fun fact: Bamboo
has been claimed to provide shelter in the
event of an earthquake because of its
ground-stabilizing root mass and low
chance of branch falling.
● Where seclusion is not a concern, bamboo
also forms lovely hedges. By keeping the
bamboo as a shorn hedge, you can choose a
more aesthetically pleasing landscape
aspect.
 10

● A few bamboo species grow to a maximum

height of a few inches, and they come in a
wide range of gorgeous colors, making
them eye-catching possibilities for ground
cover. Ground covers are useful for
creating focal points, preventing erosion,
and covering difficult areas like steep
hillsides or banks.
● According to research, it is conceivable to
utilize living bamboo plants as a noise
barrier alongside roadways to lessen noise
from passing vehicles. The advantage is
that a bamboo barrier has a far nicer
appearance than a "hard" screen.
 11
Bermuda Grass

DESCRIPTION & FEATURES RECOMMENDED APPLICATION

● Due to its carpet-like characteristics, ● Plaza

this provides wonderful garden ● Picnic area beside the strip mall
material. In steep, sloping terrain, it is ● Open areas with grass
also applied to control soil erosion.
The thin, creeping, bright green leaves
can reach a length of two to three cm.
● With regular mowing, a Bermuda lawn
is less expensive and easier to grow a
thicker turf.
● Perhaps a decent choice for open areas
or lawns in the Philippines is this type
of grass, it grows less fast and spreads
less quickly than carabao grass which
is practical and cheaper in a sense
because it will require less
maintenance.
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Boxwood Shrubs Plants

DESCRIPTION & FEATURES RECOMMENDED APPLICATION

● Boxwood is a plant that is often ● Will be used to highlight the entrances

utilized in traditional landscape and routes in parks and playgrounds.
designs worldwide. It is so readily ● As well as in green places to produce
trimmed, it may be cultivated as a tiny visually appealing landscapes.
tree or a wide-spreading shrub. It has ● Will be used as a partition in different
thick, evergreen foliage with dark areas and spaces.
green leaves on top and yellow-green
leaves beneath.
● Depending on the species and cultivar,
it can reach a mature height of 10 to
15 feet.
● Boxwood has many advantages for
both new and established landscapes,
and it is known for its easy
maintenance. With few pests and
diseases affecting them, most varieties
and cultivars require only annual
pruning and minimal supplemental
nutrients. These timeless evergreen
shrubs are distinguished by their
longevity and come in a variety of
sizes, providing versatile shape and
structure to any landscape for many
years to come.
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Manila Palm Tree or Adonidia Merrillii

DESCRIPTION & FEATURES RECOMMENDED APPLICATION

● A palm with a single, erect trunk. ● To be placed in parks to allow

● This species can be found in rainforests, natural shading and cooling
open forests, steep limestone hills, and system
● To be placed along wide walking
coastal areas such as beaches near forests.
trails to provide shading
It can be found in the Philippines at ● To be placed in residential areas
altitudes ranging from 10 to 100 meters. for natural shading and cooling
● The trunk is gray, with numerous circular system
leaf scars spaced evenly from top to
bottom.
● Large, pinnately compound leaves are
arched upwards (1.5 - 2 m long), but the
leaflets droop downwards (0.6 m long, 5
cm wide). The leaf bases form a smooth,
light green crownshaft that occurs above
the trunk, but below the leaf blades.
● This species thrives in moist, well-drained
soils. Established plants can withstand short
periods of drought, nutrient-deficient or
alkaline soils, as well as moderate salt and
shade. It is not frost resistant.
● Fertilize every other month with a
palm-specific 11-4-11 NPK fertilizer.
Mulch the plants to help the soil retain
moisture.
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Narra Tree (Pterocarpus Indicus)

DESCRIPTION & FEATURES RECOMMENDED APPLICATION

● one of the largest trees in the world grown ● To be placed along the left side of
for its superior quality wood. It is native to the preschool building site to
Southeast Asia, Northern Australia and serve as a division from the
artificial park lake
Western Pacific Islands.
● an endangered plant.
● It is extinct in Vietnam, Srilanka and
Peninsular Malaysia whereas there is need
of government permission to cut this tree in
the Philippines.
● a deciduous plant which can grow up to the
height of (30-40) Meters. The diameter of
its stem can reach up to 2 Meters.
● This tree's crown covers a large area,
forming a dome shape that is very
appealing to the eye. It grows on the sides
of roads and in the middle of the park due
to its spreading nature. The branches are
falling and attempting to touch the ground.
● The tree is found primarily in the
Philippines. The tree's cultivation is
expanding in open forests, slopes, coastal
forests, seasonal swamps, and rocky shores,
as well as in villages and gardens. It can be
propagated sexually as well as vegetatively.
● It prefers calcareous (Slightly Alkaline) soil
and open area.
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● The tree prefers open areas. It is found

growing from sea level to an altitude of
1300 masl. Places with mean annual
precipitation of (900-4000) mm and
temperature of (22-32) °C are favourable
for this plant. It can tolerate long dry
seasons (4-6) months, salt and termites.

Fire Tree (Royal Poinciana, Flamboyant Tree, Peacock tree)

DESCRIPTION & FEATURES RECOMMENDED APPLICATION

● Fire Trees can be found in tropical and ● To be placed around the picnic
subtropical regions. areas which provide shade.
● It can grow up to 50 ft., the trunk may ● It could also provide an aesthetic
view with its vibrant color.
reach 2 m in girth and it can be buttressed
towards the base
● Its colors are pale green to reddish-brown
when young turning to dark brown or black
as it matures
● In terms of plant growth habit, it is a
conspicuous, spreading, medium sized, fast
growing, deciduous, broad-crowned,
evergreen, ornamental legume tree.
● It produces clusters of big flowers which
are long lasting.
 16

● It’s good for shading, the canopy is usually

wide and has an umbrella-like shape.
● In terms of cultivation, Fire tree requires
tropical or semi-tropical climate and can
tolerate droughts and salty conditions. Can
produce more flowers when soil is slightly
dry.
● Tolerate drought, poor soils and salty
conditions. It grows well in moist,
well-drained soil derived from limestone
and sandy soils but will also grow on
clayey soils.
● According to research, the plant is
antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-diarrheal,
anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial,
antimicrobial, antioxidant,
cardio-protective, gastro-protective,
hepato-protective, and wound healing.
● It has been claimed that the extracts from
Flame tree plant parts have healing
properties.

Vegetables for the Garden

Malunggay (Moringa)
It is a kind of plant that is common throughout the world's tropical and subtropical
regions. It is referred to as a multipurpose plant since most of its components,
 17
including the leaves, pods, fruits, flowers, roots, and bark, can be utilized for a
variety of purposes.
Ampalaya (Bitter Melon)
Ampalaya is a climbing vine that can reach a height of five meters and has
tendrils that can reach twenty centimeters in length. The leaves are described as
"heart-shaped" and have five to seven lobes. The leaves are five to ten cm wide
when they are fully mature. All Ampalaya plants produce tiny, yellow buds, both
male and female, that eventually grow into the fruit that resembles a gourd. In the
regions where it is grown, the vine yields the fruit known as bitter melon, which is
used both in traditional medicine and for food in a variety of recipes.

Sitaw (String beans)

The herbaceous climbing shrub sitaw is cultivated for its extremely long edible
pods. Trifoliate, green, round, and smooth-edged leaves are present. Purplish,
1.5-centimeter-long flowers produce green, slender yard-long pods.

Sayote
Sayote is a vegetable that is most frequently found in backyards, often wrapped
around a tree or spread across various plants.

Squash
Larger squash are produced by this vegetable, squash. There are varieties that
come in both little and large sizes. It depends upon what kind of squash you have.
Locate a nice area where you can grow squash. It will be best to locate in an area
with direct sunlight. Additionally, loam soil is suggested as it has an adequate
drain.

Peppers
Peppers, also known as sili, are a common element in dishes. As a result, the dish
becomes spicy, and many people enjoy eating spicy food. Also, you must first
grow them in a seedbox. Then, begin transplanting it to the intended spot. It
doesn’t need much care as it grows well after you transplant it to its final location.
It will grow more effectively after transplanting, and after four months, you can
now harvest fresh peppers. The entire year, it continues to produce peppers.

Eggplant
Talong is a tall, half-woody, coarse, typically branching plant that can reach
heights of 0.5 to 1 meters. The leaves are irregularly or shallowly lobed at the
margins, elliptical to oblong-ovate in shape, 10 to 25 centimeters long, and
stellate-hairy underside. Purplish, axillary flowers measure around 2.5 cm in
 18
length. Fruit can be up to 25 centimeters long, smooth, purple, and can be round,
oblong, or cylindric-oblong in shape. One of the simplest crops to grow in the
Philippines is eggplant, or talong. It should be grown on a seedbox first, and then
transplanted. Farmers often use this kind of method due to its effectiveness.

Tomatoes
Tomato planting is similar to pechay. The seeds must first be grown on a seedbox
before being transplanted to their final destination. When planting tomatoes, the
young seedlings should be placed six to twelve inches apart and two to three
inches deep. After that, you must regularly water it, especially in the sun. It will
grow better once you notice that the soil lacks water.
 19
IV. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION/TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS

Tensile Membrane Structure

● Ability to cover large spans

● It may be used as a sunshade, as well as to cover walkways and other outdoor areas.
● Tensile membrane structures have been proven to last and withstand harsh and extreme
climates and environments around the world.
● Landscape tensile structures are widely used in many public and open areas these days
because of their long span, low cost, and easy construction.

Concrete Shell Structure

● A concrete shell, also known as a "thin shell" concrete structure, is made up of a thin
shell of concrete that is self-supporting, often with no interior columns or exterior
buttresses. The shells are most commonly flat plates and domes.
● Shells can withstand large compression loads evenly distributed across their surface, but
due to their thinness, they have little tensile strength and should not be subjected to
 20
concentrated loads. The weight of the structure, the coating materials, and the wind
pressure all contribute to the load distribution on the surface.
● Because of their thin form, structures with high strength and rigidity are commonly
referred to as shells. The shell structures' best features are their continuity and curvature.
The shells can transmit loads in a variety of directions due to their structural continuity.
● Types of Shell Structure
○ Barrel Vaults of Shell Structure
○ Folded Plates of Shell Structure
○ Faced Folded Plate of Shell Structure
○ Folded Plate Dome of Shell Structure
○ Short Shell
○ Domes Shell
○ Shell Arche
○ Cylindrical Barrel Vault of Shell Structure
○ Translation of Shell Structure
○ Wrapped Surfaces of Shell Structure
○ Combinations of Shell Structure

Geodesic Dome

● Geodesic domes are sphere-like structures consisting of a network of triangles which give
a self-balancing structural framework that uses minimal materials.
● Geodesic dome greenhouse helps enhance the conditions for plants, especially in colder
climates. Since the air inside the dome is sealed off from the outside, light energy can
pass through it but heat cannot.
● It doesn’t require a high level of energy and manual labor. It is easy to construct.
 21
● It has a more contemporary look than a traditional greenhouse.
● It is energy efficient, Cost-effective, Flexible Design, Solid Construction, Nature
Friendly. Space saving, Excellent Durability
 22
V. ADDITIONAL RESEARCHES

Outdoor Activities To Offer

Low-risk social activities:

● Picnics

Spending time in a natural setting is beneficial for mental health, according to research. It
is very beneficial to occasionally go on picnics and take some time off from work. It assists you
in letting go of the tension and stress brought on by the challenges of daily living. Amazing
things happen to our minds when there is bright sunshine, a pleasant breeze, and lush foliage.

● Outdoor Market/ Tiangge

 23
The fact that it is noticeably more obvious is one of the outdoor market's main
advantages. Additionally, it is unquestionably a type of advertising that is more acceptable to the
customers. The affordability of bazaars is another significant benefit, particularly for businesses
or retailers with limited marketing budgets. This may encourage social distance while
encouraging social activity.

● Drive-in Movies

There are several advantages to going into a drive-in movie. The privacy of one's own
vehicle and the ability to view a movie comfortably are benefits for moviegoers. This will lessen
interruption, making for a more enjoyable watching experience. It's a pastime that many people
can share while remaining physically distant.

Low- to moderate-risk outdoor activities:

● Outdoor/Patio Dining
 24
Outdoor dining might be a fantastic alternative when it's pleasant enough to be outside. If
one hasn't been vaccinated, outside patio dining at uncrowded restaurants with patio tables that
are spaced properly is safer than indoor dining. As long as it is built to properly accommodate
visitors, it delivers better air quality and natural ventilation.

● Busking

Busking, often known as street performance, is the practice of performing in public

settings for tips. Busking is a low-cost, high-impact alternative if done properly. No hurdles,
infrastructure, ticket sales, marketing efforts, or strategy meetings are required; all that is
required is a performing talent who does not require payment for their work. Buskers encourage
interpersonal communication on the street, foster intimacy, and make people feel secure. They
also offer one of the few opportunities for low-income people to access and enjoy live
entertainment.

● Boat Riding
 25
The instantaneous peace that boat passengers enjoy is one benefit. Boat rides include
some strenuous exercise, which promotes muscle strength. In addition, taking beautiful photos
on a boat is possible at any time of day which can promote attraction among tourists.

● Barbecues and Campfires

The recreational activity of campfires can be integrated with grilling outside on the patio.
If it's chilly outside, dress warmly and gather around a fire pit. Making arrangements for
activities that don't call for close proximity. You might even decide to ask everyone to bring their
own snacks and beverages.

● Playground/Outdoor Gym

Outdoor gym and playground promote improved mental well-being while having vitamin
D intake while all of it is free. Moreover, the ability of a child to interact with people while
having fun may have the biggest positive impact of outdoor play areas. Children who play
 26
outside have better social skills since they learn how to make friends, interact physically, and use
their imaginations to amuse one another.

● Sports and sporting events

In a manner that indoor activities cannot, outdoor sports stimulate all five senses.
Sporting events can be viewed as resources that provide economic advantages and costs for cities
that host sporting events in addition to social benefits like improved image and community
self-esteem.

● Skateboarding

Skateboarding is used by people for a number of purposes, including as sheer amusement

or hobbies, as a mode of transportation, or as a form of artistic expression. Skateparks are
recreational public spaces that can foster community cohesion. Skating in a well-designed park is
significantly safer than skateboarding in the street. Users' health and well-being are found to
improve at skateparks, and social exclusion and antisocial behavior are shown to decrease.
 27
● Zumba

Zumba dancing, like other types of fitness, is a workout that benefits both the body and the
mind. It helps the heart, corrects posture, improves balance and coordination, and strengthens the
body. Exercising outdoors, referred to as green exercise, puts you in direct contact with sunlight.
Regular physical exercise is an important aspect for public health. This entails considering
innovative ways to make physical activity exercise more accessible, available, inexpensive,
joyful, and ultimately well-used additions to more community and parks.

Inputs
The spirit of a community thrives on its parks. Without public parks, there would be little
social interaction, no areas for children to play, and no comfortable places for adults to relax
outside. These public green spaces, which include playgrounds, dog parks, and splash parks, are
recreational facilities that meet the needs of the local population.
Having accessibility is essential in an outside setting. Is the place easily accessible for
people in wheelchairs and accessible by car, bike, or public transportation? The park will be used
more frequently if access is made simple. To ensure that everyone feels comfortable, inclusive
playgrounds must be constructed.
When deciding on the amenities and overall layout of the area, imagination can be
certainly used, but some aspects of a park's design will be influenced by the location itself. Think
about the surroundings. It's often preferable to work with the terrain rather than against it. The
natural sense of a park is enhanced by the existing slopes, banks, and flat areas.
 28
Lighting is still another crucial element in the architecture of a park. A park should be
utilized as frequently as possible and not just during the day. During the summer, when the days
are long and the nights are short, natural lighting may not seem essential. But that swiftly
changes in the fall, and until April, there is limited light.
More importantly, aesthetic design should never lose character. The question is; is there
an existing landmark or unique region that might draw visitors to the park for reasons other than
the beauty of the natural world? To increase park traffic and reinforce community relationships,
capitalize on the distinctive qualities and history of your neighborhood.
Parks should be as engaging as much as possible because they are a part of the built
environment in which we live, work, and play.
 29
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Real Living. (2017, September 13). 3 types of Grass you need for your garden. realliving.com.ph.
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0shrub.

Advantages of a tensile fabric building structure. Tension Structures. (2019, September 26).
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City Pass, France City, Lille. Pinterest. (2020, April 2). Retrieved October 18, 2022, from
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/392868767498484627/

Express, U. P. (n.d.). Up express: Pearson Airport to Downtown Toronto in 25 minutes. UP Express

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Innovaconcrete| Conservation of Concrete Cultural Heritage|H2020. (n.d.). Retrieved October 18,

2022, from https://www.innovaconcrete.eu/

What is Shell structure | 11 types of shell structure - civiljungle. (n.d.). Retrieved October 18, 2022,
from https://civiljungle.com/shell-structure/

Flora Fauna Web - National Parks Board. (n.d.). Retrieved October 18, 2022, from
https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb

Plant Identifier website - easy plant care & growing with myplantin.com. Plant Identifier Website -
Easy Plant Care & Growing With MyPlantin.com. (n.d.). Retrieved October 18, 2022, from
https://myplantin.com/

Philippine Trees (2021, August 24). Fire Tree, Royal Poinciana or Delonix regia. Retrieved
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