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JPEG 2000
Overview

DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

Introduction
• Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is an
ISO standard committee with a mission on
“Coding and compression of still images”.
• JPEG coding standard (1988): DCT (discrete
cosine transform) based transform coding to
compress bit-map images.
• JPEG2000 efforts started in 1996 to use new
methods such as fractals or wavelets. The
target deliver date is year 2000 and hence the
name. DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

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Problems with JPEG

• Low bit-rate compression: At low bit-rates (e.g.
below 0.25 bpp for highly detailed gray-level
images) the distortion in JPEG becomes
unacceptable.
• Lossless and lossy compression: Need for
standard, which provide lossless and lossy
compression in one codestream.
• Large images: JPEG doesn't compress images
greater then 64x64K without tiling.

DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

Problems with JPEG

•Transmission in noisy environments: In

JPEG quality suffers dramatically, when
bit errors are encountered.
•Computer generated images: JPEG is
optimized for natural images and performs
badly on computer generated images
•Compound documents: JPEG fails to
compress bi-level (text) imagery.

DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

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JPEG2000 features

•High compression efficiency

• Lossy and lossless coding in one algorithm
• Embedded lossy to lossless coding
• Progressive by resolution and quality
• Flexible Region-of-Interest
•Random code-stream access and processing

DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

JPEG at 0.125 bpp (enlarged)

DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

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JPEG2000 at 0.125 bpp

DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

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DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

JPEG 2000

DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

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Overview

• 1> Colour Transformation

• Maps data from RGB to YCrCb (Y, Cr, Cb - less
statistically dependent; compress better); serves
to reduce the correlation between components, leading
to improved coding efficiency.
• 2> Tiling
• Image may be quite large in comparison to the amount
of memory available to the codec.
• Partition of the original image into rectangular non-
overlapping blocks (tiles), to be compressed
independently
• 3>Transform :Wavelet transform

DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

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Wavelet Transform

DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

Wavelet Transform

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Wavelet Transform

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Wavelet Transform

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Wavelet Transform

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Overview
• 4> Quntization
• One quantization step size is allowed per sub band. These step sizes
can be chosen in a way to achieve a given level of “quality”
• 5>Coding
• Each sub band is partitioned into a set of non-overlapping
rectangular code blocks with a fixed size
• Each block is then encoded independent of other blocks
Using bit planes
• Context based arithmetic coding is used to code the individual bit
planes.

DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

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=
5 1

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Code stream
The code stream has a main header at the
beginning that describes the original image and
the various decomposition and coding styles .
This is used to locate, extract, decode and
reconstruct the image with the desired resolution,
fidelity, region of interest or other characteristics.

DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

Resolution scalability

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Resolution scalability

DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

Resolution scalability

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Resolution scalability

DCE//Extc Sem VI//Vishakha Kelkar

Quality scalability

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Quality scalability

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