BIOLOGICAL STUDY OF PESTICIDE

BY

EZEMA MARTHA CHIOMA

2018/116384/Regular

DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL

SCIENCES ABIA STATE UNIVERSITY, UTURU

JANUARY, 2023

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 BIOLOGICAL STUDY OF PESTICIDE

BY

EZEMA MARTHA CHIOMA

2018/116384/Regular

BEING A RESEARCH SEMINAR CARRIED OUT AND

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF
MICROBIOLOGY, FALCULTY OF BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCES

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE AWARD OF A BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN
MICROBIOLOGY, ABIA STATE UNIVERSITY, UTURU.

SUPERVISOR: PROF. HOPE OKEREKE

JANUARY, 2023
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 CERTIFICATION

I certify that the seminar work “BIOLOGICAL STUDY OF PESTICIDE” was

carried out by EZEMA MARTHA CHIOMA with mat number
2018/116384/Regular of Microbiology department in the Faculty of Biological
Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu.

............................................................ …...........................

PROF. HOPE OKEREKE Date

(Supervisor)

............................................................ ..................................

PROF. IJEOMA IHEOKWUMERE Date

(Head of Microbiology Department)

…………………………………........... …. …………

PROF. A.E. UGBOGU Date

(Dean FBS)

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 DEDICATION

I dedicate my dissertation work to my family and many friends. A special feeling

of gratitude to my loving parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ezema Ferdinard whose words of
encouragement and push for tenacity ring in my ears. My lovely brother Ezema
Chukwudi who have never left my side.

I also dedicate this dissertation to my many friends and church family who have
supported me throughout the process. I will always appreciate all they have done.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Adoration and praise be Yours most merciful Father (God) who gave me the power
to begin this work and end it to the glory of His holy name.

Without reservation, I give gratitude and thanks to my highly esteemed supervisor

with honour Prof. Hope Okereke for his guidance and care.

A remarkable appreciation to my H.O.D. Prof. Ijeoma Iheokwumere and to all my

lecturers.

With heartfelt gratitude and love, I thank my parents Mr. and Mrs. Ezema
Ferdinard. for their unalloyed support to me through my year of study.

To my lovely siblings, a big thanks to them for their love and care. It may not be
possible for me to acknowledge all who in one way or the other assisted me in the
course of my academic’s pursuit; but I pray that the good Lord will reward
everyone in Jesus name, Amen.

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 ABSTRACT

Pesticides are defined as a chemical agent used to destroy or control pests. The root
word is the Latin word “cida” which means to kill. The generic term “pesticides”
can apply to a wide spectrum of chemicals, including insecticides, rodenticides,
herbicides, fungicides, biocides, and similar chemicals. Pesticides have been
extensively investigated since the 1960s, and their chemical properties,
toxicological properties, and fate and transport are well known. The use of a wide
range of chemicals to destroy pests and weeds is an important aspect of
agricultural practice in both developed and developing countries. Undoubtedly,
this has increased crop yield and reduced postharvest losses. However, the
expanded use of such pesticides expectedly results in residues in foods, which has
led to widespread concern over the potential adverse effects of these chemicals on
human health. It is clear that the possibility for exposure to pesticides is greatest
among farm workers. Also, it is exceedingly plausible that less controlled and
regulated uses of pesticides may offer the greatest opportunity for exposure to
toxicologically significant quantities. The pesticides currently in use include a
wide variety of chemicals with great differences in their mode of action, uptake by
the body, metabolism, elimination from the body, and toxicity to humans. With
pesticides that have a highly acute toxicity but are readily metabolized and
eliminated, the main hazard lies in acute, short-term exposures. With others that
have a lower acute toxicity but show a strong tendency to accumulate in the body,
the main hazard is connected with long-term exposure, even to comparatively
small doses. The purpose of this study is to provide a brief overview of the types of
pesticides, their characteristics, benefits, and Environmental Pollution and Toxicity
of Pesticides

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

CERTIFICATION

DEDICATION

ACKNOLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.1Introduction

1.2 Benefits of Insecticide

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 General characteristics of some common groups of Pesticides

2.2 Classification of Pesticides according to Chemical nature

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Environmental Pollution and Toxicity of Pesticides

3.2 Microbial Degradation of Pesticides

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CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Effect of Organic Waste on the Biodegradation of Pesticides

4.2 Enzymatic Basis of Pesticide Degradation

4.3 Molecular Basis of Pesticides Degradation

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Summary

5.2 Conclusion

Reference

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