KNK O
SILANGY@YNL
N. @ntn
@ntnrr Ki`
Ki`nh
nhnl
nld
d
Hifnld pnan piroeai knyo (lielntus) mirupnhnl hinannl anrurnt miaos, hnriln
hifnld anpnt mildnhoknthnl gopehson etnh ynld juhup kirkngnyn kndo hi`nldsuldnl

goaup knyo ntnu anpnt mildnhoknthnl sihui`i ao himuaonl gnro, aosnmpold otu hifnld
anpnt mirupnhnl tnlan ntnu difn`n anro sntu mnsn`ng ntnu `ikog. Hifnld gn`us/sukt`i
siozuri nan`ng filos ynld pn`old umum hifnld ynld tirfnao an`nm piroeai lielntn`.
Filos `nol tirmnsuh
tir mnsuh sirnldnl h`eloj, teloh anl myeh`eloj. Zirnldnl myeh`eloj
mimknwn predlesos tirkuruh anro sido fnldhn pnlfnld gnso` pirhimknldnl snrnb.
Ilsibn`epnto oshimoh Gopehsoh nan`ng pilyiknk pn`old umum lielntn` hifnld.
Hifnld mirupnhnl dnlddunl liure`edos ynld `nzom pnan hi`empeh umur piaontroj
anl tirfnao aildnl
aildnl brihuilso
brihuilso 1-2 hnsus/>333
hnsus/>333 nlnh. Hifnld olo mirupnhnl pilyiknk
pilyiknk
ynld pn`old sirold ultuh rufuhnl pnan prnhtih liure`edo nlnh. Nanlyn dnlddunl

hifnld toanh mirupnhnl aondlesos, titnpo difn`n suntu dnlddunl sostim snrnb siltrn`
(ZZZ) ynld mimir`uhnl pildnmntnl milyi`urug anl riljnln mnlnfimil. Silynhot
olo fudn milfnao sn`ng sntu mnsn`ng sostim snrnb pusnt ynld knlynh tiranpnt pnan
lielntus. Hifnaonllyn mi`oputo 3,9% anro simun lielntus knoh juhup ku`nl mnupul
hurnld ku`nl.
 Lielntus mildgnanpo rosohe hgusus tirsirnld hifnld hnriln pilynhot mitnke`oh,
tehsoh
tehsoh,, struhtu
struhturn`,
rn`, anl olbihs
olbihsoo `ikog
`ikog muldh
muldhol
ol milfna
milfnaoo lnmpnh
lnmpnh si`nmn
si`nmn wnhtu
wnhtu olo
anropnan pnan piroeai higoaupnl `nol hnpnlpul. Hifnld lielntus toanh snmn aildnl
hifnld pnan nlnh ntnu ernld aiwnsn hnriln helvu`so teloh h`eloh jilairuld toanh 

tirfnao si`nmn umur ku`nl pirtnmn. Sresis pirtumkugnl nhsel anl telfe`nl ailarot
 fudn moi`olosnso toanh simpurln pnan etnh lielntus. Aosjgnrdi hifnld hnrilnlyn
toanh anpnt aildnl muang aofn`nrhnl hi si`urug etnh lielntus ultuh milomku`hnl
hifnld milyi`urug. Nan sitoanhlyn impnt topi hifnld ynld anpnt aohiln`o pnan knyo
 knru `ngor.

K. [umusnl Mnsn`ng
>. Fi`nshnl
Fi`nshnl aiboloso
aiboloso Nsugnl
Nsugnl Hipirnwntnl
Hipirnwntnl lielntus
lielntus aildnl
aildnl hifnld5
hifnld5
;. Fi`nshnl
Fi`nshnl itoe`edo
itoe`edo Nsugnl
Nsugnl Hipirnwntnl
Hipirnwntnl lielntus
lielntus aildnl
aildnl hifnld5
hifnld5
:. Fi`nshnl
Fi`nshnl pntebosoe`
pntebosoe`edo
edo Nsugnl
Nsugnl Hipirnwn
Hipirnwntnl
tnl lielntus
lielntus aildnl
aildnl hifnld5
hifnld5

J. Qufunl Silu`osnl
Yltuh milditnguo helsip Nsugnl Hipirnwntnl lielntus aildnl hifnld.
 

KNK OO
SIMKNGNZNL
N. Aib
Aibol
olos
osoo
Hifnld pnan knyo knru `ngor on`ng hifnld ynld tomku` mnsn lielntus ntnu an`nm ;7
gnro sisuang `ngor (Kuhu Hisigntnl Nlnh). Milurut Krewl (>?41) hifnld nan`ng suntu

nrotmn sirikrn`.
Hifnld
Hifnld nan`ng
nan`ng pirukn
pirukngnl
gnl sijnrn
sijnrn tokn-to
tokn-tokn
kn buldso
buldso liure`
liure`edy
edy knoh
knoh buldso
buldso metero
meteroh 
h 
mnupul buldso etelemoh hnriln hi`ikognl pnljnrnl `ostroh pnan etnh (Kuhu Si`nynlnl
Ekstitroj Lielntn` Imirdilso Ansnr).
Hifnld pnan lielntus nan`ng pirukngnl pnrehsosmn` buldso liure`edos (toldhng `nhu
anl ntnu buldso meteroh) nhoknt nhtobotns ynld tirus milirus anro liurel aoetnh anl
tirfnao
tirfnao an`nm
an`nm ;7 gnro
gnro pirtnm
pirtnmnn higoau
higoaupnl
pnl pnan
pnan knyo
knyo juhup
juhup ku`nl
ku`nl ntnu snmpno
snmpno uson
uson
helsipso 11 molddu pnan knyo hurnld ku`nl.
Hifnld pnan KK@ sijnrn h`olos nan`ng piruk
pirukngnl
ngnl prehsomn`
prehsomn` anro buldso liure`edoh 
liure`edoh 

(mosn`lyn piro`nhu, silseroh, meteroh, anl buldso nutelem sostim synrnb ynld tirfnao
 pnan knyo kirumur snmpno aildnl ;7 gnro. (Hesom, Ze`ig6;337)
Hifnld nan`ng suntu helaoso aomnln etet tukug kirheltrnhso anl kiri`nhsnso sijnrn
jipnt anl kiru`nld, e`ig hnriln nklermn`otns similtnrn anro nhtovotns i`ihtroh ao etnh,
ynotu tirfnao `eljntnl ‚ `eljntnl `ostroh hnriln kirsoldduldnllyn oel (+) anl oel (-) ao
an`nm si` etnh.
Hifnld mirupnhnl pirdirnhnl nklermn` ntnu pirukngnl telus knanl anl tuldhno.
Hifnld ynld tirfnao pnan knyo knru `ngor nan`ng hifnld ynld tirfnao pnan knyo knru `ngor 
snmpno aildnl uson ;7 gnro. Hifnld pnan KK@ mirupnhnl hinannl anrurnt hnriln hifnld

mirupnhnl suntu tnlan nanlyn pilynhot sostim snrnb pusnt (ZZS), hi`nolnl mitnke`oh 
ntnu pilynhot `nol. Hifnld pnan knyo knru `ngor sirold toanh aohiln`o hnriln kirkian
aildnl
aildnl hifnld
hifnld pnan
pnan nlnh
nlnh anl aiwnsn.
aiwnsn. Gn` olo aosikn
aosiknkhn
khnl
l hnriln
hnriln hitoan
hitoanhmn
hmntnl
tnldnl
dnl
erdnlosnso hertihs pnan knyo knru `ngor. Hifnld umum teloh ‚ h`eloh fnrnld pnan knyo
 knru `ngor. Snan prolsoplyn, sitonp dirnhnl ynld toanh konsn npnko`n kir`nldsuld
 kiru`nld-u`nld anl piroeaoh,gnrus aopohorhnl mnlobistnso hifnld. Hifnld ynld kiru`nld
milyiknkhnl kirhurnldlyn ehsodilosnso, vilto`nso anl lutroso etnh.
Hifnld kuhnl`ng suntu pilynhot titnpo mirupnhnl difn`n anro dnlddunl snrnb pusnt,
`ehn` ntnu sostimoh. Hifnld olo mirupnhnl difn`n dnlddunl synrnb anl tnlan piltold

nhnl nanlyn pilynhot `nol sikndno pilyiknk hifnld tirsikut, ynld anpnt mildnhoknthnl
difn`n
difn`n sosn ynld
ynld militn
militnpp ao himuao
himuaonl
nl gnro.
gnro. Ko`n
Ko`n pilyik
pilyiknk
nk tirsiku
tirsikutt aohitng
aohitnguo
uo gnrus
gnrus
 

sidirn
sidirn ao eknto.
eknto. Gn` ynld
ynld pn`old
pn`old piltold
piltold anro
anro hifnld
hifnld pnan
pnan knyo
knyo knru
knru `ngor nan`ng
nan`ng
mildiln` hifnldlyn, milaondlesos pilynhot pilyiknklyn anl mimkirohnl pirte`eldnl
tirnr
tirnrng
ng,, ku
kuhn
hnl
l gn
gnly
lynn milj
miljek
eknn miln
milnld
lddu
du`n
`nld
ldoo hi
hifn
fnld
ld tirsik
tirsikut
ut ai
aild
ldnl
nl ek
eknt
nt nl
nlto
to
helvu`snl.

K. H`nsob
H`nsobohn
ohnso
so Hifnld
Hifnld
>. Hifnl
nld
d tte
eloh 
n) Ymum
Qirutnmn
Qirutnmn kirmnlobistnso
kirmnlobistnso pnan lielntus
lielntus hurnld
hurnld ku`nl (0 ;933drnm).
;933drnm). B`ihso ntnu
ihstilso teloh pnan ihstrimotns kndonl ntns, `igir ntnu kntnld tukug anl kirhnotnl
aildnl ihstilso telus pnan ihstrimotns kndonl knwng. Snan 79% hnsus hifnld
teloh toanh kirhnotnl aildnl pirukngnl etelemos npnpul sipirto miloldhntlyn
aitnh fnltuld ntnu tihnlnl anrng, ntnu hu`ot mimirng.
 k) Behn`

Qir`ognt anro pestur nsomitros anro sn`ng sntu ihstrimotns ntnu kntnld tukug ntnu
aivonso teloh hipn`n ntnu mntn hipn`n ntnu mntn. Zikndonl kisnr hifnld teloh 
tirfnao kirsnmnnl aildnl pilynhot sostim synrnb pusnt ynld aobus anl piranrngnl
oltrnviltrohu`nr.
;. Hifn
Hifnl
ld h`e
h`el
loh 
n) Behn`
Qiraoro anro dirnhnl kirditnr anro sntu ntnu aun ihstrimotns pnan soso ulo`ntirn`
aildnl ntnu tnlpn nanlyn dirnhnl wnfng. Dirnhnl olo pi`nl anl rotmoh aildnl
ntnu tnlpn dirnhnl wnfng. Dirnhnl olo pi`nl anl rotmoh aildnl brihuilso >-1 hn`o

 piraitoh.
 k) Mu`tobehn`
Hifnld h`eloh pnan KK@ anpnt mimpulyno `ikog anro sntu bejus ntnumodrnso
tiraoro
tiraoro anro
anro dirnhn
dirnhnl
l anro
anro sntu ihstrimot
ihstrimotns
ns ynld
ynld himuao
himuaonl
nl sijnrn
sijnrn njnh
njnh polang
polang
hiihstrimotns
hiihstrimotns `nollyn. Kiltuh hifnld mirupnhnl
mirupnhnl dirnhnl
dirnhnl h`eloh
h`eloh sn`ng sntu ntnu
`ikognlddetn dirnh ynld kirpolang-polang ntnu tirposng sijnrn tirntur, mosn`lyn
hifnld h`eloh `ildnl horo aoohuto aildnl hifnld h`eloh tuldhno knwng hnlnl.
Hnan
Hnanld
ld-h
-hna
nanl
nld
d hn
hnri
riln
lnhi
hifnl
fnld
d yn
ynld
ld sntu
sntu ai
aild
ldnl
nl hi
hifnl
fnld
d yn
ynld
ld `n
`nol
ol si
siro
rold
ld
 kirsolnmkuldnl, sie`ng-e`ng mimkir hisnl sikndno hifnld umum. Kiltuh 

hifnld olo konsnlyn tiranpnt pnan dnlddunlmitnke`oh. Hifnld olo `ikog sirold
aofumpno pnan KJK aildnl kirnt `ikog ;933 drnm.
 

:. Hifn
Hifnld
ld moeh
moeh`e
`elo
loh 
h 
n. Ymum
Qir`ognt snldnt fi`ns kirupn b`ihso mnsob pnan hipn`n anl kntnldtukug aildnl
ihstilso ntnu b`ihso pnan ihstrimotns. Hifnld olo kirhnotnl aildnl pnte`edoZZS
ynld aobus

 k. Behn`
Konsnlyn mi`oknthnl etet b`ihser pnan ihstrimotns
j. Mu`tobehn`
Qir`ognt sikndno dirnhnl hifutnl yd toanh solhrel pa kikirnpn kndonl tukug.

J. Itoe
toe`ed
`edo
>. Mitnke`oh 
n. Go
Gope
ped`
d`oh
ohim
imon
on
Ko`n hnanr anrng du`n hurnld anro :3 md% pnan lielntus juhup ku`nl anl

hurnld anro ;3 md% pnan knyo aildnl kirnt knanl `ngor rilang. Goped`ohimon
anpnt aildnl/tnlpn difn`n. Difn`n anpnt kirupn sirnldnl nplin, hifnld sonlesos,
molum `imng,
`imng, konsnlyn
konsnlyn tiranpnt pnan knyo kirnt knanl `ngor rilang,
rilang, knyo himknr 
himknr 
ynld hijo`, knyo anro oku pilairotn aonkitis mi`otus, nsbohson.
 k. Gopehn`simon
_notu, hinannl hnanr hn`soum pnan p`nsmn hurnld anro 7 md/>33 m` ntnu
hurnld anro 7 md/>33 m` ntnu hurnld anro 1 MIq/@. Difn`n, tnldos aildnl lnan
tolddo, telus kirhurnld, hifnld anl aonltnrn aun sirnldnl knyo an`nm hinannl
 knoh.

j. Go
Gope
pemn
mndl
dlis
isim
imon
on
_notu hnanr mndlisoum an`nm anrng hurnld anro >,; mId/`. konsnlyn tiranpnt
 kirsnmn-snmn aildnl gopehn`simon, goped`ohimon anl `nol-`nol. Difn`n hifnld
ynld
ynld toanh
toanh anpnt
anpnt ao ntnso
ntnso ntnu gopehn
gopehn`si
`simon
mon ynld
ynld toanh
toanh anpnt
anpnt simkug
simkug aildnl
aildnl
 pildekntnl ynld naihunt.
a. Gopelntrimon
Gopelntrimon anl gopirlntrim
gopirlntrimon
on
Gopelntrimon nan`ng hnanr Ln an`nm sirum hurnld anro >:3 mId/`. difn`nlyn
nan`ng hifnld, trimer. Gopirtrimon, hnanr Ln an`nm anrng `ikog anro >19 mId/`.
Hifnld ynld konsnlyn aosiknkhnl e`ig hnriln tremkesos viln ntnu nanlyn pitihos

an`nm etnh.
i. Aibosoilso
Aibosoilso poreaohsol
poreaohsol anl
anl aipilailso
aipilailso poroaeh
poroaehsol
sol
 

Mirupnhnl nhoknt hihurnldnl votnmol K2. difn`nlyn nan`ng hifnld ynld giknt
anl toanh go`nld aildnl pimkironl eknt nlto hifnld, hn`soum, d`uhesn, anl `nol-
`nol. Sildekntnl aildnl mimkirohnl 93 md poreaohsol
b. Nsboh
sbohso
sonn
Zuntu hinannl knyo toanh kirlnbns sijnrn speltnl anl tirntur sidirn siti`ng

`ngor itoe`edo hnriln nanlyn dnlddunl pirtuhnrnl dns anl trnlsbir E; anro oku hi
 fnlol.
;. Sira
Siranr
nrng
ngnl
nl oltr
oltrnh
nhrnl
rnlon`
on`
Anpnt aosiknkhnl e`ig trnumn `ngor sipirto nsbohson ntnu gopehson, aibosoilso
votnmol
votnmol H, tremkesotepil
tremkesotepilon.
on. Siranrngnl
Siranrngnl anpnt
anpnt tirfnao suk aurn`, suk nrehleoa
nrehleoa,,
oltrnviltroh
oltrnviltrohu`us
u`us anl oltrnsirikrn`
oltrnsirikrn`.. Konsnlyn
Konsnlyn aosirtno
aosirtno goped`ohim
goped`ohimon,
on, gopehn`sim
gopehn`simon.
on.
Aondlesos ynld tipnt suhnr aotitnphnl, buldso `umkn` anl ebbn`meshepo muldhol
anpnt mimknltu aondlesos. Qirnpo 6 pimkironl eknt nlto hifnld anl pirknohnl
dnlddunl mitnke`osm ko`n nan.

:. Olbihso
Olbihs
Olbihsoo tirfna
tirfnaoo sihotn
sihotnrr 9->3%
9->3% anro
anro si`uru
si`urug
g pilyik
pilyiknk
nk hifnld
hifnld KK@,
KK@, knhtiro
knhtiro,,
lelknhtiro
lelknhtiro mnupul heldilotn`
heldilotn` anpnt milyiknkhn
milyiknkhnl
l hifnld KK@, konsnlyn
konsnlyn tirfnao
tirfnao
siti`ng molddu pirtnmn higoaupnl.Olbihso aode`eldhnl milfnao
>. Olbihso nhut
Olbihs
Olbihsoo knhtiro
knhtiro ntnu vorus
vorus pnan
pnan ZZS aildnl
aildnl ntnu tnlpn hinann
hinannl
l sipsos
sipsos anp
anpnt
nt
mildnhoknt
mildnhoknthnl
hnl hifnld,
hifnld, konsnlyn
konsnlyn sirold kirgukuldnl
kirgukuldnl aildnl
aildnl miloldotos.
miloldotos. Humnl
Humnl
drnml
drnmlidnt
idntovi
ovi sirold
sirold mildnh
mildnhokn
oknthn
thnl
l olbihs
olbihsoo oltrnh
oltrnhrnl
rnlon`
on` anl sostimo
sostimoh
h pnan
pnan KK@.
KK@.
Knhtiro ynld sirold aotimuhnl nan`ng dreup K striptejejjus, Isjgirojon je`o, @ostiron

sp, Ztnpgy`ejejjus anl Ssiuaemelns spijois.

;. Olbihso hreloh
Olbihso oltrnutirol ynld kir`nldsuld `nmn 6 texep`nsmesos, ruki``n, jytemidn`e vorus,
girpis (QE[JG), tripelimn pn``oaum.
1. Dili
Dilito
toh/
h/hi
hi`n
`nol
olnl
nl knwn
knwnnl
nl
9. Sily
Silyik
iknk
nk `nol
`nol
n. Se`osoh
sohimo
imon
Konsnlyn tiranpnt pnan knyo kirnt `ngor rilang, olbubosoilso p`njiltn,
trnlsbusi anro knyo himknr ynld sntulyn hi knyo himknr ynld `nol aildnl hnanr

gimehtrehot ao ntns 29%

 

 k. Hifnld oaoepntoh

Hifnld pnan KK@ ynld toanh aohitnguo pilyiknklyn, sijnrn ri`ntob sirold
milulfuhhnl gnso` ynld knoh. Qitnpo pnan hifnld kiu`nld ynld `nmn, risostil
tirgnanp pildekntnl ntnu hifnld tiru`nld sisuang pildekntnl aogiltohnl

milulfuhhnl himuldholnl
himuldholnl nanlyn hirusnhnl ao etnh.
Snann de`eld
Sna de`eldnl
nl oaoep
oaoepntoh
ntoh tiranp
tiranpnt
nt ; gn` ynld
ynld pir`u
pir`u milanp
milanpnt
nt pirgnt
pirgntonl
onl ynotu,
ynotu,
hifnld KK@ bnmo`on` folnh anl hifnld gnro hi`omn
>. Hifnld KK@ bnmo`on
bnmo`on`` folnh (Kilodl
(Kilodl bnmo`on`
bnmo`on` Lielntn
Lielntn`` siozuris)
siozuris)
Hifnld olo aoturulhnl sijnrn nutesemn` aemolnl, pirtnmn aohitnguo tngul
>?21.Silnlan dilitoh milulfuhhnl nanlyn mutnso pnan hremesem ;?q>:.: anl
7q.;1. Hifnld tirfnao nltnrn gnro hiaun anl gnro hi`omn ki`ns sisuang `ngor, anl
hiknlynhnl(73%) aomu`no pnan gnro hiaun anl hitodn siti`ng `ngor. Filos hifnld
 konsnlyn h`eloh, sirold kiru`nld snmpno kikirnpn pu`ug hn`o pir gnro titnpo

 kirgilto sijnrn speltnl

s peltnl siti`ng kikirnpn `nmn, konsnlyn sirnldnl hifnld kirgilto
 pnan uson 2 ku`nl. Snan hinannl nltnrn hifnld knyo tnmpnh lermn`. Aondlesos
aotidnhhnl
aotidnhhnl kiransnrhnl
kiransnrhnl rownynt hi`unrdn
hi`unrdn nanynld
nanynld pirlng
pirlng mildn`nmo
mildn`nmo hifnld.
hifnld.
Hi`nolnl
Hi`nolnl i`ihtredrnbos
i`ihtredrnbos ynld spisoboh
spisoboh kirupn
kirupn di`emknld
di`emknld antnr aoohuto
aoohuto di`emknld
di`emknld
 ko`ntirn` spohi anl s`ew Hifnld anpnt aogiltohnl aildnl eknt-ekntnl konsn anl
 predlesos ultuh pirhimknldnl
pirhimknldnl nlnh knoh.
;. Hifnld gnro hi`omn
hi`omn (Qgi Bobtg any bots)
Hifnld olo nan`ng hifnld kiru`nld nltnrn gnro hitodn anl hitufug higoaupnl,
 pn`old sirold tirfnao pnan gnro hi 1 anl 9 (73-?3%) kir`nldsuld golddn ; molddu

 pnan KJK aildnl rownynt hi`ngornl lermn` anl toanh tiranpnt hi`nolnl
liure`edos pnan kikirnpngnro pirtnmn higoaupnl. Zirnldnl hifnld ynld tirfnao
anpnt kirkiltuh h`eloh behn` ntnumu`tobehn` anl sirnldnl npliu. Silyiknklyn
mnsog mirupnhnl mostiro, mishopul hnanr zolj pnan jnornl sirikrespoln` ynld
rilang aotimuhnl pnan kikirnpn hnsus.

A. Snte
Sntebo
boso
soe`
e`ed
edoo
An`nm Kuhu Nfnr Lielnte`edo, mihnlosmi ansnr tirfnaolyn hifnld nhoknt `eljntnl
muntnl
muntnl `os
`ostro
troh
h ynld
ynld kir`ik
kir`ikogn
ognl
l anl solhre
solhrel
l pnan
pnan etnh
etnh ntnu aipe`n
aipe`nrosn
rosnso
so etnh
etnh ynld
ynld

mildnhokn
mildnhoknthn
thnl
l dirnhn
dirnhnl
l ynld
ynld kiru`n
kiru`nld.
ld. Qirfna
Qirfnaoly
olynn aipe`n
aipe`nrosn
rosnso
so pnan
pnan synrnb
synrnb nhoknt
nhoknt
mnsuhlyn lntroum anl ripe`nrosnso tirfnao hnriln hi`unrlyn hn`oum mi`n`uo mimkrnli
 

si`. Yltuh mimpirtngnlhnl petilson` mimkrnli mimir`uhnl ilirdo ynld kirnsn` anro
NQS anl tirdnltuld pnan mihnlosmi pempn ynotu hi`unrlyn Lntroum anl mnsuhlyn
Hn`oum.
An`nm hinannl lermn, mimkrnl si` liurel anpnt ao`n`uo e`ig oel H, oel Ln, anl
i`ihtre`ot sipirto J`. Helsiltrnso H + an`nm si` liurel `ikog tolddo anropnan ao `unr si`,
+
sianldhnl helsiltrnso
sianldhnl helsiltrnso Ln   ao an
an`n
`nm
m si` `ikog
`ikog ri
rila
lang
ng an
anro
ropn
pnan
an ao `u
`unr
nr si`.
si`. Hnri
Hnriln
ln
 pirkiannl filos anl helsiltrnso oel ao an`nm anl ao `unr si` mnhn tiranpnt pirkiannl
 petilson` mimkrnl.
Sn
Snan
an hina
hinann
nnl
l aimn
aimnm,
m, hiln
hilnoh
ohnl
nl su
sugu
gu > ai
airn
rnfn
fntt ji
ji`j
`jou
ouss nh
nhnl
nl mily
milyik
iknk
nkhn
hnl
l
mitnke`osmi knsn` miloldhnt >3 ‚ >9% anl hikutugnl ehsodil miloldhnt ;3%. Fnao
 pnan hilnohnl sugu tirtiltu anpnt tirfnao pirukngnl hisiomknldnl anro mimkrnl anl
an`nm
an`nm wnhtu
wnhtu ynld
ynld soldhn
soldhntt tirfna
tirfnaoo aobuso
aobuso anro
anro oel hn`oum
hn`oum mnupul
mnupul lntrou
lntroum
m mi`n`u
mi`n`uoo
mimkrn
mimkrnl,
l, aildnl
aildnl nhoknt
nhoknt tirfna
tirfnaoly
olynn `ipns
`ipns muntnl
muntnl `ostroh
`ostroh.. @ipns
@ipns muntnl
muntnl `ostroh
`ostroh olo
siaimohonl kisnrlyn sigolddn anpnt mi`uns hi si`urug si` mnupul hi mimkrnl si`

`nollyn aildnl knltunl kngnl ynld aosikut liuretrnlsmottir sigolddn tirfnao hifnld.

I. Mnlob
Mnlobist
istnso
nso H`olos
H`olos
Mnlobistnso hifnld pnan knyo knru `ngor anpnt kirupn6
>. Qrime
rimer 
r 
Gopirnhtob 
;. hi
hifn
fnld
ld-hi
-hifn
fnld
ld
:. tokn-tokn
tokn-tokn milnldos
milnldos mi`ildhol
mi`ildhold
d
1. Qelus
Qelus etet go`nld aosirtno
aosirtno ntnu toanh aildnl higo`nld
higo`nldnl
nl hisnanrnl
hisnanrnl

9. dirnhnl ynld toanh mililtu (olve`ultnry mevimilts) lostndmus ntnu mntn mildiaop-
iaop prehsosmn`
2. dirnhnl
dirnhnl sipirto
sipirto milduly
mildulyng
ng anl mili`nl
mili`nl
E`ig hnriln otu Mnlobistnso h`oloh ynld kirkian-kian anl kirvnronso, sirold hn`o
hifnld pnan knyo knru `ngor toanh ao hiln`o e`ig ynld ki`um kirpildn`nmnl. An`nm
 prolsop, sitonp dirnhnl ynld toanh konsn pnan knyo knru `ngor npnko`n kirnldsur kiru`nld-
u`nld anl piroeaoh, gnrus aopohorhnl himuldholnl Mnlobistnso hifnld.

B. Silntn`nh
Silntn`nhsnln
snlnnl
nl (Kuhu Njunl
Njunl Lnsoeln`
Lnsoeln` Mntirlntn
Mntirlntn`` anl Lielntn`)
Lielntn`)
>. Srolsop
Srolsop ansnr tolanhnl
tolanhnl mildntnso
mildntnso hifnld pnan knyo knru `ngor
`ngor sikndno kirohut
kirohut 6
 

n. Mildntnso
Mildntnso hifnld
hifnld aildnl
aildnl mimkirohnl
mimkirohnl eknt
eknt nlto hifnld-h
hifnld-hifnld
ifnld (Mosn` 6 aonzipnm
aonzipnm,,
bileknrkotn`, biletol/ao`nltol)
 k. Milfndn fn`nl lnbns titnp kikns aildnl risusotnso
j. Miljnro
Miljnro bnhter
bnhter pilyik
pilyiknk
nk hifnld
hifnld
a. Mildeknto pilyiknk
pilyiknk hifnld (mildeknto
(mildeknto goped`ohimon,
goped`ohimon, gopehn`simon
gopehn`simon anl `nol-`nol)

;. Eknt nlto hifnld

hifnld (Kuhu Njunl Lnsoeln`
Lnsoeln` Mntirlntn`
Mntirlntn` anl Lielntn`,
Lielntn`, ;33;)
n. Aonz
Aonzip
ipnm
nm
Aesos 3,>-3,: md/hd KK OR aosultohnl pir`ngnl-`ngnl snmpno hifnld go`nld ntnu
 kirgilto. Anpnt aou`nldo pnan hifnld kirunld, titnpo toanh aonlfurhnl ultuh 
aodulnhnl pnan aesos pimi`ognrnnl
 k. Bileknrkotn`
Aesos 9->3 md/hd KK OR aosultohhnl pir`ngnl-`ngnl, fohn hifnld kir`nlfut `ndo
an`nm 9->3 milot. Biloteol aokirohnl npnko`n hifnld toanh anpnt ao kirohnl 1-4
md/hd KK OR pnan gnro pirtnmn ao `nlfuthnl aildnl aesos pimi`ognrnnl 1-4 md/hd

KK ntnu ern` an`nm ; aesos.

:. Siln
Silnld
ldnl
nlnl
nl hi
hifn
fnld
ld pn
pnan
an kn
knyo
yo kn
knru
ru `ngo
`ngorr (Kuh
(Kuhu
u Nj
Njun
unl
l Lnsoe
Lnsoeln
ln`` Mntir
Mntirln
ln`` an
anl
l
 Lielntn`, ;33;)
n. Knyo ao`itnhhnl
ao`itnhhnl an`nm timpnt
timpnt ynld gnldnt pnstohnl
pnstohnl kngwn knyo toanh
toanh hiaoldolnl.
hiaoldolnl.
Zugu aopirtngnlhnl :2,9J - :4J
 k. Fn`nl lnbns knyo aokirsoghnl aildnl tolanhnl pildgosnp `ilaor ao siputnr mu`ut,
goauld snmpno lnsebnrold
j. Ko`n knyo nplin
nplin ao`nhuhnl
ao`nhuhnl pirte`eldn
pirte`eldnl
l ndnr knyo kirlnbns
kirlnbns `ndo aildnl n`nt
n`nt knltu
 kn`el anl suldhup, aokirohnl ehsodil aildnl hijipntnl ; `otir/milot

a. Ao`nhuhnl
Ao`nhuhnl pimnsnldnl
pimnsnldnl olbus oltrnviln
oltrnviln ao pimku`ug
pimku`ug anrng pirobir
pirobir ao tnldnl, hnho,
ntnu hipn`n. Ko`n knyo aoaudn ao`ngorhnl e`ig oku kirpilynhot aonkitis mo`itus
ao`nhuhnl pimnsnldnl olbus mi`n`uo viln umko`ohestos
i. Ko`n olbus suang
suang tirpnsnld ao kiro eknt
eknt nlto hifnld aonzipnm
aonzipnm 3,9 md/hd supesotero
supesoteronn
OM sito
sitonp
np ; milo
milott sn
snmp
mpno
no hifn
hifnld
ld ti
tirn
rntn
tnso
so,, hi
himu
muao
aonl
nl ao tn
tnmk
mkng
ng `u
`umo
moln
ln``
(bileknrkotn` :3 md OM/OR)
b. Lo`no helaoso
helaoso knyo
knyo si`nmn >9 milot.
milot. Sirgntohnl
Sirgntohnl hi`noln
hi`nolnl
l bosoh ynld nan
nan
d. Ko`n hifnld
hifnld suang tirntnso,
tirntnso, aokiro jnornl aixtresi
aixtresi >3% ail
aildnl
dnl hijipntnl
hijipntnl 23 m`/hd
KK/gnro

g. Ao`nhu
Ao`nhuhnl
hnl nlnmli
nlnmlisos
sos mildil
mildilno
no hinannl
hinannl knyo ultuh
ultuh miljnro
miljnro bnhter
bnhter pilyikn
pilyiknk
k
hifnld
 

>) Npnhng himuldholnl

himuldholnl knyo ao`ngorhnl e`ig oku
oku ynld kirpilynhot AM
;) Npnhng
Npnhng himuldholn
himuldholnl
l knyo primntur 
primntur 
:) Npnhng
Npnhng himuldholnl
himuldholnl knyo mildn`nmo
mildn`nmo nsbohson
nsbohson
1) Npnhng himuldholnl
himuldholnl oku knyo mildoanp/milddulnhnl
mildoanp/milddulnhnl lnrhetohn
o. Ko`n suang
suang tirntnso ao nmko`
nmko` kngnl ultuh
ultuh pimirohsnnl
pimirohsnnl `nkernte
`nkernteroum
roum ultuh
ultuh miljnro

bnhter pilyiknk hifnld, mosn`lyn 6

>) Anrng
Anrng tipo
tipo
;) I`ihtr
I`ihtre`o
e`ott anr
anrng
ng
:) Du`n
Du`n an
anrn
rng
g
1) Homon anrng
anrng (hn`soum,
(hn`soum, mndliso
mndlisoum)
um)
 f. Ko`n hijurodnnl hinrng pipsos ao`nhuhnl pimirohsnnl buldso `umkn`
h. Eknt aokirohnl
aokirohnl sisuno
sisuno aildnl
aildnl gnso` pili`otonl
pili`otonl u`nld
u`nld
`. Npnko`n
Npnko`n hifnld mnsog
mnsog kiru`nld,
kiru`nld, aonzipn
aonzipnm
m anpnt aokirohnl
aokirohnl `ndo
`ndo snmpno ; hn`o.
hn`o.

D. Simirohsn
Simirohsnnl
nl `nkernte
`nkernteroum
roum
>. Simir
imiroh
ohsn
snnl
nl anr
nrng
ng anpn
anpntt kir
iru
upn6
pn6 du`
u`nn anr
nrng
ng,, i`
i`ih
ihtr
tre`
e`ot
ot anrn
anrng
g (tir
(tiru
utn
tnmn
mn
hn`soum
hn`soum anl mndlisoum),
mndlisoum), anrng tipo, pulhso
pulhso `umkn`,
`umkn`, pulhso
pulhso sukaurn`,
sukaurn`, hu`tur 
anrng, anl totir QE[JG
;. IHD anl IIJ
:. Siljotrnnnl
Simirohsnnl piljotrnnl ao`nhuhnl kiransnrhnl olaohnso 6
 YZD hipn`n
 Zholtodrnbo hipn`n (JQ-sjnl Jrnloum)

 M[O
1. Simirohsnnnl
Simirohsnnnl @nol
 Bete [naoe`edo hipn`n
 Yfo tnpos eknt-ekntnl
 

G. Sntg
ntgwny
wny

Dnlddunl mitnke`oh6 Siranrngnl Oltrnhrnlon` Olbihso

Gopehn`simon.goped`ohimo
Zuk nrnjgleoa Zuk aurn` Knhtiro
Mitnke`osmi etnh tirdnlddu
Siroviltrohu`ir 
Zup`no ehsodil tukug Me`nsi hipn`n
[ekihnl Knyo
viln nl ki
kir`
r`ik
ikog
ognl
nl
hurnld
supirvoson`os  ku`nl
Zpnsmi etet pirlnbnsnl
Anrng tirhumpu` ao
besn supiroer 
Qrnumn
Kirsognl Fn`nl Lnbns /nsbohson
Milihnl kntnld etnh 
toanh ibihtob 

Siranrngnl

Muntnl `ostroh 

Hifnld
[isohe jiairn

Hifnld Qeloh  Hifnld H`eloh  Hifnld moeh`eloh 

Ymum Mu`tobehn` Ymum Behn`

Behn` Behn` Mu`tobehn`

Etet b`uxert
Knyo hurnld Dirnhnl anro > ihstrimotns
 ku`nl ihstrimotns hi
ihstrimotns
Silynhot `nol Dirnhnl
ZZS hifutnl
B`ihso/ihsti Dirnhnl kirdntnr B`ihso
sitildng ynld toanh
lso mnssob pnan
ihstrimotns siomknld
ihstrimotns hipn`n anl
Siranrngnl  kntnld tukug
oltrn
viltrohu`ir 
 

[isohe tolddo
olfuro Nlsoitns

KNK OOO
NZYGNL HISI[NTNQNL QIE[O LIELNQYZ AILDNL HIFNLD

N. SILD
SILDHN
HNFO
FONL
NL
:.>. Antn Zukyihtob 
:.>.>. Koeantn/Oailtobotns
Koea
Koeant
ntnn knyo
knyo milj
miljnh
nhup
up lnmn
lnmn,, timp
timpnt
nt/t
/tnl
nldd
ddn`
n` `n
`ngo
gorr , umur
umur,, fi
filo
loss hi
hi`n
`nmo
mol.
l.

Koeantnn ernld
Koeant ernld tun pir`u
pir`u aopirt
aopirtnly
nlynhn
nhnl
l ul
ultuh
tuh mildit
milditngu
nguoo stntus
stntus seson`
seson` nlnh 
nlnh 
mi`oputo lnmn, umur, ndnmn, suhu/knldsn, pilaoaohnl, pihirfnnl, anl n`nmnt.
:.>.
:.>.;.
;. Hi`u
Hi`ugn
gnl
l Ytnm
Ytnmnn
Snann knyo
Sna knyo hifnld
hifnld,, hi`ug
hi`ugnl
nl ynld
ynld oku utnrnh
utnrnhnl
nl nltnrn
nltnrn `no
`nol
l knyoly
knyolynn tukugl
tukuglyn
yn
dimitnr, dirnhnl tukuglyn `ikog nhtob anro konsnlyn, toanh tirhilan`o, hifnld-
hifnld, tokn-tokn milnldos mi`ildhold, knyo `imns/ toanh kirdirnh, mntn kirhiaop
tirus milirus, mu`ut mijuju, tukug hnhu
:.>.:.
:.>.:. [ownyn
[ownyntt Sily
Silynho
nhott Zihn
Zihnrnl
rnld
d
Mirupnhnl pirfn`nlnl pilynhot (hifnld) ynld ao n`nmo knyo. Tnhtu pirmu`nnl

hifnld anl kirnpn

hifnld kirnpn `nmn
`nmn oku mildnm
mildnmnto
nto tnlan-t
tnlan-tnla
nlann knyoly
knyolynn hifnld
hifnld snmpno
snmpno
aoknwn hi pitudns hisigntnl.
:.>.1.
:.>.1. Silynh
Silynhot
ot [ownyn
[ownyntt Angu`u
Angu`u
[ownynt hifnld siki`umlyn npnhng mirupnhnl hifnld kiru`nld, trnumn hipn`n,
rnan
rnanld
ld si`np
si`nput
ut etnh
etnh (mil
(milol
oldo
dotos
tos),
), ip
ipo`
o`ip
ipso
so,, hi
hi`n
`nol
olnl
nl mitn
mitnke
ke`o
`osm
smii sipirt
sipirto6
o6
goped`ohimon, gopehn`simon, gopemndlisimon, gopelntrimon, anl gypirlntrimon,
gopirko`orukolimon, anl hi`nolnl mitnke`osmi nsnm nmole, piranrngnl etnh, anl
olbnrh sirikro.
:.>.9.
:.>.9. [ownyn
[ownyntt Hignmo
Hignmo`nl
`nl anl
anl Sirsn`o
Sirsn`olnl
lnl

[ownynt hignmo`nl6 knyo ynld hijo` ultuh mnsn hignmo`nl, knyo primntur, oku
mildn`nmo olbihso anro knhtiro anl vorus sipirto QE[JG, oku ynld toanh aosultoh 
 

QQ, oku milairotn AM. [ownynt pirsn`olnl6 pirsn`olnl aildnl tolanhnl (ihtrnso
julnm/ ihstrnso vnhum), pirsn`olnl prisopotntus, pirsn`olnl prisiltnso keheld,
 pimeteldnl tn`o pusnt ynld toanh stiro`, nsbohson, anl dnwnt fnlol.
  Zi`n
Zi`nol
ol otu,
otu, kn
knyo
yo yn
ynld
ld mild
mildn`n
n`nmo
mo he
hemp
mp`o
`ohn
hnso
so pi
piro
roln
lntn
tn`` sipirt
sipirtoo ti
titnl
tnlus
us
lielnterum, trnumn piranrngnl oltrnhrnlon`, anl trnumn susulnl snrnb pusnt fudn

 kirisohe mildn`nmo hifnld.

:.>.2. [ownyn
:.>.2. [ownyntt h
hisig
isigntnl
ntnl hi`unr
hi`unrdn.
dn.
Oku tirolbihso QE[JG, milairotn pilynhot Aonkitus Mi``otus
:.>.
:.>.4.
4. Se`n
Se`n hik
hikon
onsn
snnl
nl
Se`n molum knyo signro lermn`lyn 7->3 hn`o, pnan knyo ynld mildn`nmo
hi`nolnl nhnl `ikog mn`ns milyusu.

:.;. Antn Ekyihtob.

:.;.>. Simirohsnnl Ymum

Hinannl umum 6 `imng-gopirnhtob 

Hisnanrnl
Hisnanrnl 6 lermn`,
lermn`, npntos, semle`il,
semle`il, seper,
seper, hemn
hemn
Zugu 6 lermn` (:2,9-:4³J),
(:2,9-:4³J), gopirtirmon (<:4,9³J), gop
gopetirmon
etirmon (0:2,9³J).
[ispornso 6 nplin, gopirplin (< 23x/mlt)
 Lnao 6 lnao lermn` knyo (>;3->23), npnhng lnao knyo tirnkn `imng,
oridu`ir, ntnuhng toanh tirnkn
:.;.;. Simirohsnnl Bosoh 
>. Hipn`n
Qnlan-tnlan hilnohnl tihnlnl oltrnhnrlon`, ynotu ukul-ukul kisnr jimkuld,

mohresibn`o
;. Muhn
[gosus snraelojus, pujnt, dirnhnl etet-etet muhn, nsomitro wnfng (soso ynld
 pnrisos tirtolddn` ko`n nlnh milnldos).
:. Mntn
Aivonso ke`n mntn sijnrn geroseltn`, hiaopnl mntn prehsomn`, hi`epnh mntn
 kirhiaop-hiaop, dirnhnl jipnt anro ke`n mntn, lystndmus, ao`ntnso pupo`.
1. Mu`ut
Jynl
Jynles
esos,
os, st
stros
rosmu
mus,
s, `oan
`oang
g milu
milulf
lfuh
uhnl
nl di
dirn
rnhn
hnl
l mily
milyiro
irold
ldno,
no, di
dirn
rnhn
hnl
l

tirhifut-hifutt pnan mu`ut anl popo sijnrn tokn-tokn mildgosnp,

tirhifut-hifu mildgosnp, mildulyng
mildulyng,,
mili`nl, mildunp.
 

9. @igir  
Qnlan-tnlan hnhu huauh
2. Nkaemil
Hihnhu
Hihnhunl
nl etet
etet pnan
pnan nkaemi
nkaemil,
l, tnlan-t
tnlan-tnla
nlann olbihso
olbihso pnan
pnan tn`o
tn`o pu
pusnt,
snt, fohn
fohn
tirfnao sipsos pirut tnmpnh kuljot anl gipntesp`ilemidn`o

4. Ihstrimotns
Sirdirnhnl sipirto kirilnld, mildnyug pnan nlddetn dirnh ntns anl knwng,
ihstils
ihstilsoo `ildnl
`ildnl anl tuldhn
tuldhno,
o, milyir
milyirupn
upnoo sohnp
sohnp aisirik
aisiriknso
nso ntnu ihstil
ihstilso
so
tuldhno anl b`ihso `ildnl knwng aildnl kiltuh aihertohns, dirnhnl ihstilso
anl b`ihso `ildnl ntnu hiimpnt nlddetn dirnh ynld kiru`nld anl tirfnaolyn
jipnt, dirnhnl milyirupno rib`ihs mere, trimer 

:.;.
:.;.:.
:. [ib`
[ib`ih
ih bosoe
bosoe`e
`edo
doss tirgn
tirgnan
anp
p knyo
knyo knru
knru `ngo
`ngorr lermn
lermn``
>. Mntn

n. Kirhiaop ntnu rib`ih jerlin`

Knyo kirhiaop pnan pimulju`nl solnr tirnld ynld tokn-tokn ntnu
 pnan pnlai` ntnu ekyih hi nrng herlin, gnrus militnphnl
sipnl
sipnlfn
fnld
ld goau
goaup,
p, fohn
fohn toan
toanh
h na
nann mnhn
mnhn milu
milulf
lfuh
uhhn
hnl
l na
nanl
nlyn
yn
hirusnhnl pnan snrnb jrnlon`.
 k. Supo`
Supo` heltrohso ko`n solnr tirnld aonrnghnl pnanlyn, rib`ih olo gnrus
sipnlfnld goaup.
j. D`nki`n

Hituhn
Hituhnl
l gn
gn`u
`uss pn
pnan
an d`nk
d`nki`n
i`n (k
(knd
ndon
onl
l an
ango
go nl
nltn
tnrn
rn ; n`os
n`os mntn)
mntn)
milyiknkhnl mntn milutup aildnl rnpnt.
;. Mu`ut anl tildderehnl
n. [EE
[EEQO
QOL
LD [IB
[IB@
@IW (rib`ihs miljnro putold)
Jnrn
Jnrn mimu
mimulj
lju`
u`hn
hnl6
l6 si
silt
ltug
ug`n
`ng
g po
popo
po nt
ntnu
nu uf
uful
uld
d mu`u
mu`utt kn
knyo
yo..
Mu`utlyn nhnl mimkuhn anl hipn`nlyn nhnl milildeh hi nrng
siltu
siltugn
gnl.
l. [ib`
[ib`ih
ihss ol
oloo snldn
snldntt mimk
mimknl
nltu
tu kn
knyo
yo an
an`n
`nm
m milj
miljnr
nroo
 pnyuanrn oku ntnu kete` susu
 k. ZYJH [IB@IW (rib`ihs mildgosnp)

Jnrn mimulju`hnl6 siltug`ng `nldot-`nldot mu`ut knyo aildnl fnro,

mnhn knyo nhnl mu`no mildgosnp. Knyo primntur konsnlyn ki`um
 

mimpul
mimpulyno
yno himnmp
himnmpunl
unl mildgo
mildgosnp
snp aildnl
aildnl knoh.
knoh. [ib`ih
[ib`ihss olo
 ki`um mulju` golddn uson fnlol :; molddu anl ki`um kirhimknld
kirhimknld
simpurln golddn uson fnlol :2 molddu.
j. Multng
Ztomu`nso
Ztomu`nso tirgnanp
tirgnanp bnrold pestiroer
pestiroer e`ig mnhnlnl, gosnpnl ntnu

mnsuhl
mnsuhlyn
yn si`nl
si`nld
d gn
gnru
russ mily
milyik
iknk
nkhn
hnl
l kn
knyo
yo mild
mildn`
n`nm
nmoo ri
rib`i
b`ih 
h 
multng, rib`ih olo gnrus militnp sipnlfnld goaup.
a. Mildunp
[ispel speltnl tirgnanp pnlurulnl ehsodil aildnl mnloldhnthnl
 fum`ng uanrn olspornso, gnrus militnp sipnlfnld goaup.
i. Ihstruso
Ko`n
Ko`n `oa
`oang aos
osil
iltu
tug
g ntnu
ntnu ao
aoti
tihn
hnl
l kny
nyoo mir
iris
isp
pel ail
ild
dnl
milaereldlyn hi`unr gnrus mildgo`nld pnan uson 1 ku`nl.
b. Kntuh 

Orotnso mimkrn
Orotnso mimkrnli
li muhesn
muhesn `nrold
`nrold milyik
milyiknkh
nkhnl
nl kntuh,
kntuh, rib`ih
rib`ih olo
gnrus tirus nan sipnlfnld goaup, konsnlyn nan siti`ng gnro pirtnmn
`ngor.
:. Ihstromotns
n. D[NZS
D[NZS [IB@
[IB@IW
IW (rib`
(rib`ihs
ihs milddi
milddildd
lddnm)
nm)
Jnrn mimulju`hnl6 siltug`ng ti`npnh tnldnl knyo aildnl fnro,
mnhn aon nhnl milddilddnm fnro hotn. [ib`ihs olo gnlyn mulju`
golddn uson ; snmpno : ku`nl anl `ikog hunt pnan knyo primntur.
 k. BEEQ (rib`ihs-rib`ihs pnan hnho).

KNKOLZHO6
KNKOLZ HO6 deris
deris ti`
ti`npn
npnh
h hnho
hnho kndonl
kndonl `unr
`unr aildnl
aildnl ufuld
ufuld fnro,
fnro,
mnh
mnhn fnro
fnro-f
-fnr
nroo hnho
hnhol
lyn nhnhnl
nl miri
miridn
dnlld anl
anl ok
oku
u fn
fnro
ro hnh
nhoo
ae
aerse
rseb`i
b`ihs
hso/
o/mi
mili
lihu
huh
h hi nr
nrng
ng ti
ti`n
`npn
pnh
h hn
hnho
ho.. Ol
Oloo na
nan`n
n`ng
g rib`i
rib`ihs
hs
lermn` anl kirtngnl golddn uson ; tngul. (;.) Deris ti`npnh hnho
 kndonl an`nm, mnhn fnro-fnro hnho nhnl b`ihso/milihuh anl
milddilddnm fnro pimirohsn.
j. ZQIS/T
ZQIS/TN@H
N@HOLD
OLD [IB@
[IB@IW
IW (rib`i
(rib`ihs
hs mi`nld
mi`nldhng
hng))
Jnrnn mimulj
Jnr mimulju`h
u`hnl6
nl6 Knyo
Knyo aokira
aokiraoro
orohnl
hnl (aopid
(aopidnld
nld pnan
pnan hiaun
hiaun
hitonh
hitonhly
lyn)
n) anl hnholy
hnholynn aosilt
aosiltugh
ughnl
nl `nltno
`nltno ntnu
ntnu mifn,
mifn, on nhnl
nhnl

mi`nhuhnl dirnhnl sipirto mi`nldhng.

1. Mnsn tukug
 

n. ME[E [I
[IB@IW (Ztnrt`i
(Ztnrt`i [ib`ix)
[ib`ix)
 [ib`ihs olo tirfnao fohn knyo aohifuthnl e`ig sunrn hirns knghnl
e`ig tnldoslyn silaoro ntnu dirnhnl. [ib`ihs olo anpnt mulju`
golddn knyo kiruson 2 ku`nl.
 Jnrn mimulju`hnl6 an`nm pesoso supoli/tir`iltnld nldhnt anl

tepnld
tepnld pulddu
puldduld
ld anl hipn`n
hipn`n knyo
knyo aildnl
aildnl > tnldnl
tnldnl golddn
golddn
 pesoso sitildng auauh, aildnl jipnt anl gnto-gnto `ipnshnl
tnldnl sikiltnr. Hiaun tnldnl anl hnholyn tiridnld, hipn`n
tirtnroh hi ki`nhnld sihifnp anl knyo milnldos.

9. Ztnrt`i
Zunrn hirns ynld tokn-tokn milyiknkhnl nkauhso `ildnl aildnl b`ihso sohu
tnldnl titnp tirdilddnm.
n. QELOJ
QELOJ LIJH
LIJH [IB@
[IB@IW
IW (Qelu
(Qeluss @igir
@igir Nsomit
Nsomitroh
roh))

Hitohn hipn`n knyo aomorodhnl hi horo mnhn `ildnl horolyn nhnl

miridnld `urus similtnrn sohu `ildnl hnlnllyn nhnl mi`opnt. Gn`
olo kosn
kosn aosiku
aosikutt sikndn
sikndnoo pe
pesoso
soso "pndnr
"pndnr".
". Sir`u
Sir`u aownsp
aownspnan
nanoo fohn
fohn
rib`ihs olo toanh mildgo`nld fudn hitohn knyo kirumur 2-4 ku`nl.
2.  Lijh rodgtold
Fohn knyo tir`iltnld, hipn`n aopn`oldhnl hi sn`ng sntu soso, kngu anl kntnld
tukug mimkn`oh hi nrng tirsikut anl aoohuto aildnl pi`vos.
4. Olhurvnso kntnld tukug (dn``nlt)
Ziltugnl pnan puldduld knyo sipnlfnld tu`nld ki`nhnld milyiknkhnl

 pnlddu` kirdirnh hinrng soso ynld tirstomu`nso

:.;.1.
:.;.1. Simiroh
Simirohsnnl
snnl `nkern
`nkernter
teroum
oum
>. Simiro
Simirohsn
hsnnl
nl anrng anpnt
anpnt kirupn
kirupn66 du`n
du`n anrng, i`ihtre
i`ihtre`ot
`ot anrng (tirut
(tirutnmn
nmn
hn`sou
hn`soum
m anl mndlis
mndlisoum
oum),
), anrng
anrng tipo,
tipo, pulhso
pulhso `umkn`
`umkn`,, pulhso
pulhso sukaur
sukaurn`,
n`,
hu`tur anrng, anl totir QE[JG
;. IHD anl IIJ
Simiroh
Simirohsnnl
snnl IID
IID pnan
pnan hifnld
hifnld anpnt
anpnt mimknl
mimknltu
tu aondle
aondlesos
sos hifnld
hifnld..

Snan IID ynld lermn` ntnu `ntnr ki`nhnld aildnl di`emknld pnhu ntnu
di`emknld tnfnm ulobehn` anpnt aornmn`hln knyo nhnl lermn` aohimuaonl
 

gnro. Knyo aildnl IID ynld milulfuhhnl `ntnr ki`nhnld nklermn` anl
tiranpnt di`emknld tnfnm mu`tobehn` ntnu aildnl kurts suprissoel ntnu
 kiltuh osei`ihtroh mimpulyno predlesos
predlesos ynld toanh knoh.
:. Siljo
iljotr
trnn
nnnl
nl
Simirohsnnl piljotrnnl ao`nhuhnl kiransnrhnl olaohnso 6

 YZD hi
YZD hipn
pn`n,
`n, Zele
Zeledr
drnbo
nbo hi
hipn
pn`n
`n ao
ao`n
`nhu
huhn
hnll fohn
fohn ao
aoju
juro
rodn
dnoo na
nanl
nlyn
yn
 piranrngnl oltrnhrnlon` ntnu ultrnviltrohu`ir.
 Zholtodrnbo hipn`n (JQ-sjnl Jrnloum), Simirohsnnl olo `ikog silsotob 
aoknlaold seledrnbo ultuh milditnguo hi`nolnl pnrilhom etnh 
 M[O, Simirohsnnl pn`old silsotob ultuh milditnguo mn`bermnso sukt`i
ynld hnanld toanh tiraitihso aildnl pimirohsnnl JQ-sjnl Jrnloum
:.;.
:.;.9.
9. Simi
Simiro
rohs
hsnn
nnnl
nl @nol
@nol
 Bete [naoe`edo hipn`n, pir`u aohirfnhnl npnnko`n pilduhurnl tiranpnt
`oldhnrnl yn d `ikog hijo` ntnu `ikog kisnr anro uhurnl stnlanr.

 Yfo tnpos eknt-ekntnl

K. Aondle
Aondlesn
sn Hipirn
Hipirnwnt
wntnl
nl
Aondlesos hipirnwntnl mirupnhnl pilo`nonl h`olos tiltnld rispels mnluson
tirgnanp dnlddunl hisigntnl /presis higoaupnl, ntnu hiriltnlnl rispels anro
olaovoau, hi`unrdn, hi`empeh, ntnu hemulotns (Giramnl, ;3>7).
Kiransnrhnl pnlaunl SSLO (;3>4) an`nm kuhu Ztnlanr Aondlesn
Hipirnwntnl Olaelison, mnsn`ng ntnu aondlesn hipirnwntnl ynld mulju` pnan
lielntus aildnl hifnld mirupnhnl6
>. Kirsognl
Kirsognl Fn`nl
Fn`nl Lnbns
Lnbns Qoanh
Qoanh Ibihtob
Ibihtob k/a spnsmi
spnsmi fn`nl
fn`nl lnbns
lnbns
;. [iso
[isohe
he jiairn
jiairn k/a
k/a hif
hifnl
nldd

J. Oltir
Oltirvil
vilso
so Hipirnw
Hipirnwnt
ntnl
nl
Oltirvilso Hipirnwntnl mirupnhnl suntu pirnwntnl ynld ao`nhuhnl pirnwnt
 kiransnrhnl pilo`nonl h`olos anl pilditngunl pirnwnt ultuh miloldhnthnl
miloldhnthnl eutjemi
 pnsoil/h`oil (Ku`ijgih ahh, ;3>2). Lursold
Lursold Eutjemi J`nssobojntoel (LEJ) nan`ng
suntu sostim ynld anpnt aodulnhnl ultuh mimo`og uhurnl gnso` ynld kirgukuldnl
aildnl aondlesos hipirnwntnl. Lursold gotirviltoels J`nssobojntoel (LOJ) nan`ng
sikung tnhselemo tolanhnl hemprigilsob kirknsos kuhto ynld pirnwnt `nhuhnl ao
 kirkndno tntnlnl pirnwntnl (Giramnl, ;3>9).
Kiransnrhnl pnlaunl SSLO (;3>7) an`nm kuhu Ztnlanr Oltirvilso
Hipirnwntnl Olaelison (ZOHO), oltirvilso hipirnwntnl mirupnhnl sidn`n trintmilt
ynld aohiofnhnl e`ig pirnwnt ynld aoansnrhnl pnan pilditngunl anl pilo`nonl h`olos
ultuh miljnpno `unrnl (eutjemi) ynld aognrnphnl.
Kiransnrhnl pnlaunl SSLO (;3>7) an`nm kuhu Ztnlanr Oltirvilso
Hipirnwntnl Olaelison6 Aiboloso anl Qolanhnl Hipirnwntnl, oltirvilso hipirnwntnl
ynld mulju` pnan hifnld aimnm mirupnhnl6

Qnki` ;.> Oltirvilso Hipirnwntnl kiransnrhnl ZAHO anl ZOHO

 

 Le Aondlesn Hipirnwn

Hipirnwntnl
tnl (ZAHO) Oltirvilsoo (ZOHO)
Oltirvils
> A.3
A.333
33>
> Kir
Kirsog
sognl
nl Fn
Fn`nl
`nl L
Lnbn
nbnss Qoan
Qoanh
h Ibi
Ibihto
htob 
b  >.>9932 - Mnlnfimil Gopirtirmon
Hntidero6 bosoe`edo >. Eksirvnso
Zukhntidero6
Zukhntide ro6 rispornso - Oai
Oailto
ltoboh
bohns
nsoo Sil
Silyiyikn
knk k Gopirti
Gopirtirmo
rmonn
- Me
Melo
lote
terr sugu
sugu tuku
tukug g
- Meloter hnanr i`ihtre`ot
- Me
Melo
lote
terr gn
gn`u`unr
nrnl
nl uuroroli
li
- Melo
Meloter
ter hem
hemp`oh
p`ohnso
nso nhoknt
nhoknt gopirtir
gopirtirmon
mon
;. Qirnpiutoh 
- @el
@eldd
ddnrh
nrhnl
nl ntnu
ntnu `ipnsh
`ipnshnl nl pnhno
pnhnonl
nl
- Kns
Knsng
ngoo anl h hopn
opnso
so pi
pirm rmuhn
uhnnl
nl tu
tuku
kug
g
- Kiro
Kirohn
hnll jjno
norn
rnlleern
rn``
- @nhu
@nhuhnl
hnl pilaold
pilaoldoln olnl l ihstirln`
ihstirln` (mosn`
(mosn`hnl
hnl si`omu
si`omutt ntnu
hempris pnan ango, `igir, nhso`n, anan, nkaemil)
:. Iauhnso
- Nl
Nlfu
furh
rhnl
nl torn
torngg knr
knrololdd
1. He`nkernso
- He`n
He`nkern
kernso so pimk
pimkironironl l jnornl i`
i`ihtr
ihtre`ot
e`ot oltrnvi
oltrnviln,
ln, fohn pir`u
pir`u

;. A.3>:2 - [osohe Jiairn >.>191; - Siljidngnl Hifnld

Hntidero6 @oldhuldnl >. Eksirvnso
Zukhntidero6 Hinmnlnl anl Sretihso - Meloter stntus liure`edos
Aiboloso6 - Meloter tnlan-tnlan votn`
Kirisohe mildn-`nmo kngnyn ntnu hirusnhnl ;. Qi
Qirnpiutoh  
bosoh ynld milyiknk-hnl sisiernld toanh `ndo - Knroldhnl pnsoil ndnr toanh tiofntug
an`nm helaoso knoh. - [ilanghnl hitolddonl timpnt toaur  
- Sns
Snsnl
nld
d so
soai-
ai-rno
rno`` ti
timp
mpntnt toau
toaur 
r 
- Kiroh
Kirohnl
nl nn`ns
`ns impuh
impuh ao ao kn
knwng
wng hip
hipn`n,
n`n, fohn
mimuldholhnl
- Fnug
Fnughnl
hnl kilan-k
kilan-kilanilan kirkngn
kirkngnyn yn tirutn
tirutnmn
mn
:. Iauhnso
- Nlfu
Nlfurhnl
rhnl sidirn
sidirn m mi`np
i`nper
er fohn
fohn m
mirns
irnsnhnl
nhnl
nurn
1. He`nkernso  
- He`nkernso pimkironl nltohelvu`snl, fohn

A. Omp`im
Omp`imiltiltnso
nso Hipirnwn
Hipirmirupnhnl
Omp`imiltnso nwntnl
tnl tngnp presis hipirnwntnl ao mnln pirnwnt
mimkirohnl oltirvilso hipirnwntnl `nldsuld anl toanh `nldsuld tirgnanp h`oil
(Settir & Sirry, ;3>3). Sirnwntnl `nldsuld mirupnhnl pilnldnlnl ynld
ao`nhsnlnhnl siti`ng kiroltirnhso aildnl h`oil, mosn`hnl pimkironl eknt, pimnsnldnl
olbus oltrnviln, anl helsi`old. Zianldhnl pirnwntnl toanh `nldsuld mirupnhnl
 pilnldnlnl ynld ao`nthuhnl tnlpn
tnlpn nanlyn h`oil, lnmul titnp kirsobnt riprisiltntob
ultuh h`oil, mosn`hnl mnlnfimil `oldhuldnl, he`nkernso mu`toaosop`ol, anl
aehumiltnso. Zianldhnl milurut SSHO (;3>7), tolanhnl hipirnwntnl mirupnhnl
 piro`nhu ntnu nhtovotns spisoboh ynld aohiofnhnl e`ig pirnwnt ultuh miljnpno `unrnl
(eutjemi) ynld aognrnphnl.
Qolanhnl ynld aohnfo nhnl e`ig pirnwnt ultuh mildomp`imiltnsohnl
oltirvilso hipirnwntnl tiraoro ntns eksirvnso, tirnpiutoh, iauhnso, anl he`nkernso
(SSLO, ;3>7), ynotu 6
 

n. Qolanhnl
Qolanhnl Eksirvnso
Eksirvnso ynotu
ynotu tolanhnl
tolanhnl ynld
ynld aonfuhnl
aonfuhnl ultuh
ultuh mildum
mildumpu`hn
pu`hnl
l anl
mildnln`osos antn stntus hisigntnl pnsoil. Qolanhnl olo umumlyn aonwn`o aildnl
hntn pirohsn, oailtobohnso, ntnu meloter.
 k. Qolanhnl Qirnpiutoh ynotu tolanhnl ynldynld sijnrn `nldsuld anpnt kiribih
mimu`oghnl stntus hisigntnl pnsoil ntnu anpnt miljidng pirkuruhnl mnsn`ng
hisigntnl pnsoil anl umumlyn milddulnhnl hntn `nhuhnl, kirohnl, anl
sikndnolyn.
j. Qolanhnl
Qolanhnl Iauhnso
Iauhnso ynotu
ynotu tolanhnl
tolanhnl ynld
ynld aotulfu
aotulfuhhnl
hhnl ultuh
ultuh miloldh
miloldhnthnl
nthnl
himnmpunl pnsoil an`nm mirnwnt aorolyn aildnl mimknltu pnsoil an`nm
mimpire`ig piro`nhu knru ynld anpnt mildntnso mnsn`ng anl umumlyn
milddulnhnl hntn nfnrhnl, nlfurhnl, `ntog, anl sikndnolyn.
a. Qolanhnl
Qolanhnl He`nker
He`nkernso
nso ynotu tolanh
tolanhnl
nl ynld mimkut
mimkutughn
ughnl
l hiofnsnmn
hiofnsnmn knoh pirnwnt
pirnwnt
`nollyn mnupul prebiso hisigntnl `nollyn.
Kiransnrhnl pnlaunl SSLO (;3>7) an`nm kuhu Ztnlanr Oltirvilso
Hipirnwntnl Olaelison6 Aiboloso anl Qolanhnl Hipirnwntnl, Qolanhnl
hipirnwntnl ynld mulju` pnan hifnld aimnm mirupnhnl6

Qnki` ;.; Qolanhnl Hipirnwntnl kiransnrhnl ZAHO anl ZOHO

 Le Aondlesn Hipirnwn
Hipirnwntnl
tnl (ZAHO) Oltirvilsoo (ZOHO)
Oltirvils
> A.3
A.333
33>
> Kir
Kirsog
sognl
nl Fn
Fn`nl
`nl L
Lnbn
nbnss Qoan
Qoanh
h Ibi
Ibihto
htob 
b  >.>9932 - Mnlnfimil Gopirtirmon
Hntidero6 bosoe`edo >. Eksirvnso

Zukhntidero6
Zukhntidero6 rispornso -- Me
Oai
Oailto
ltoboh
Melo bohns
lote
terr nso
suogu
sugu Sil
Silyi
tuyikn
tuku knk
kugg k Gopirti
Gopirtirmo
rmonn
- Meloter hnanr i`ihtre`ot
- MeMelolote
terr gn
gn`u
`unr
nrnl
nl uuroroli
li
- Melo
Meloter
ter hem
hemp`oh
p`ohnso
nso nhoknt
nhoknt gopirtir
gopirtirmon
mon
9. Qirnpiutoh 
- @el
@eldd
ddnrh
nrhnl
nl ntnu
ntnu `ipnsh
`ipnshnl nl pnhno
pnhnonl
nl
- Kns
Knsng
ngoo anl h hopn
opnso
so pi
pirm rmuhn
uhnnl
nl tu
tuku
kug
g
- Kiro
Kirohn
hnll jjno
norn
rnlle ern
rn``
- @nhu
@nhuhnl
hnl pilaold
pilaoldoln olnl l ihstirln`
ihstirln` (mosn`
(mosn`hnl
hnl si`omu
si`omutt ntnu
hempris pnan ango, `igir, nhso`n, anan, nkaemil)
2. Iauhnso
- Nl
Nlfu
furh
rhnl
nl torn
torngg knr
knrol
oldd
4. He`nkernso
- He`n
He`nkern
kernso so pimk
pimkironironl l jnornl i`
i`ihtr
ihtre`ot
e`ot oltrnvi
oltrnviln,
ln, fohn pir`u
pir`u

;. A.3>:2 - [osohe Jiairn >.>191; - Siljidngnl Hifnld

Hntidero6 @oldhuldnl >. Eksirvnso
Zukhntidero6 Hinmnlnl anl Sretihso - Meloter stntus liure`edos
Aiboloso6 - Meloter tnlan-tnlan votn`
Kirisohe mildn-`nmo kngnyn ntnu hirusnhnl ;. Qi
Qirnpiutoh  
bosoh ynld milyiknk-hnl sisiernld toanh `ndo - Knroldhnl pnsoil ndnr toanh tiofntug
an`nm helaoso knoh. - [ilanghnl hitolddonl timpnt toaur  
- Sns
Snsnl
nldd so
soai-
ai-rno
rno`` ti
timp
mpntnt toau
toaur 
r 
- Kiroh
Kirohnl
nl nn`ns
`ns impuh
impuh ao ao kn
knwng
wng hip
hipn`n,
n`n, fohn
mimuldholhnl
- Fnug
Fnughnl
hnl kilan-k
kilan-kilanilan kirkngn
kirkngnyn yn tirutn
tirutnmn
mn
:. Iauhnso
- Nlfu
Nlfurhnl
rhnl sidirn
sidirn m mi`np
i`nper
er fohn
fohn m
mirns
irnsnhnl
nhnl
nurn
1. He`nkernso  
- He`nkernso pimkironl nltohelvu`snl, fohn
 

I. Ivn`un
Ivn`unso so Hipir
Hipirnwn
nwntntnl
l
Ivn`unso nan`ng pilo`nonl aildnl jnrn mimknlaoldhnl pirukngnl hinannl
 pnsoil aildnl tufunl anl hrotiron gnso`ynld aokunt ao tngnp piriljnlnnl.
piriljnlnnl. Ivn`unso
an`nm hipirnwntnl silaoro ao kndo milfnao ivn`unso presis (Bermntob) anl ivn`unso
gnso` (Zumntob). Ivn`unso presis ntnu bermntob nan`ng ivn`unso ynld ao`nhuhnl si`isno
mi`nhuhnl tolanhnl ynld kirbehus pnan itoe`edo, ao`nhuhnl sijnrn heltoyu snmpno
tufunl tirjnpno. Ivn`unso gnso` ntnu sumntob nan`ng ivn`unso ynld ao`nhuhnl siti`ng
nhor tolanhnl sijnrn pnropurln, kireroiltnso pnan mnsn`ng hipirnwntnl , anl gnso`
nhgor ntnu hisompu`nl hisigntnl h`oil sisuno aildnnl wnhtu ynld aotitnphnl.
Hempelil ivn`unso hipirnwntnl fudn tiraoro anro ZENS, ZENSOI, anl ZENSOI[.
ZENSOI[ mirupnhnl pildirtonl anro ([egmna, ;3>1).
n. Z (Zukfihtob
(Zukfihtob)6
)6 Qiraoro
Qiraoro anro hi`ugnl
hi`ugnl pnsoil
pnsoil ynld mnsog aornsnhnl
aornsnhnl pnsoil.
pnsoil.
 k. (Ekfihtob) 6 Antn kiransnrhnl gnso` pilduhurnl ntnu eksirvnso pirnwnt hipnan
 pnsoil.
j. N (Nln`osos)
(Nln`osos) 6 Oltirprstn
Oltirprstnso
so anro antn
antn ekfihtob
ekfihtob anl sukfiht
sukfihtob
ob ynldmirup
ynldmirupnhnl
nhnl suntu
suntu
mnsn`ng hipirnwntnl ynld mnsog tiofnao nhoknt eirukngnl stntus hisigntnl pnsoil.
a. S (S`mmold)
(S`mmold) 6 Siriljnnl
Siriljnnl hipirnwntnl
hipirnwntnl ynld
ynld nhnl ao`nlf
ao`nlfuthnl,
uthnl,ao
ao giltohnl
giltohnl ntnu
aomeaobohnso anro tolanhnl piriljnlnnl hiipirnwntnl ynld ti`ng aotiltuhnl
siki`umlyn.
i. O (Qolanhnl)
(Qolanhnl) 6 Qolanh
Qolanhnlnl hipiirnwntnl
hipiirnwntnl ynld ao`nhuh
ao`nhuhnl
nl sisuno
sisuno aildnl oltruhso
oltruhso ynld
ti`ng tiroailtobohnso.
b. I (Ivn`un
(Ivn`unso)6
so)6 Mirupnh
Mirupnhnl
nl rispel
rispel anro h`oilsitihng
h`oilsitihng ao`nhuhnl
ao`nhuhnl tolanhnl
tolanhnl
d. [ ([inssismilb) 6
([inssismilb) 6 Sildhnfonl u`nld ynld ao`nhuhnl tirgnanp pnsoil ntnu h`oil
an`nm tolanhnl piriljnlnnl siti`ng aohitnguo gnso` ivn`unso.