CONCLUSION:

- We use our senses to gather and respond to information about our

environment, which aids our survival. Each sense provides different
information which is combined and interpreted by our brain. Which
sense is dominant varies between different animals, as well as which is
the most sensitive.

REVIEW QUESTTIONS:
1. Describe the path of the optic fibers from the optic nerve to the occipital lobe of the brain.
- Posterior to the optic chiasm, the nerve fibers travel in optic tracts to
various portions of the brain—predominantly the lateral geniculate nuclei. Fibers
from the lateral geniculate nuclei form the optic radiations that course toward the
visual cortex located in the occipital lobes in the back of the brain. Some nerve
fibers leave the optic tract without entering the lateral geniculate nuclei and
instead enter the brain stem to provide information that ultimately
determines pupil size.

2. Describe the pathway of light through the eyeball and the process of light refraction.
- Light passes through the front of the eye (cornea) to the lens. The cornea
and the lens help to focus the light rays onto the back of the eye (retina). The
cells in the retina absorb and convert the light to electrochemical impulses which
are transferred along the optic nerve and then to the brain.

3. Explain static and dynamic equilibrium and their interrelationships.

- Static equilibrium is a state where bodies are at rest; dynamic
equilibrium is a state where bodies are moving at a constant velocity
(rectilinear motion). In both cases the sum of the forces acting on them is
zero.

4. Explain the meaning of an “odor snapshot” and its relevance to human beings.
- When the olfactory receptors located on the cilia are stimulated by
chemicals dissolved in the mucus, they transmit impulses along the olfactory
filaments, which comprise the olfactory nerve; this nerve conducts the impulses o
the olfactory cortex of the brain. An "odor snapshot" is made in the olfactory
cortex, which then becomes part of our long-term memory. The olfactory
pathways are closely tied to the limbic system, the emotional-visceral part of the
brain. Odors elicit strong emotional responses.
 5. Explain the mechanism of hearing.
- When a sound is made outside the outer ear, the sound waves, or
vibrations, travel down the external auditory canal and strike the eardrum
(tympanic membrane). The eardrum vibrates. The vibrations are then
passed to 3 tiny bones in the middle ear called the ossicles. The ossicles
amplify the sound.

6. Describe the role of the lens in vision. Name and explain the disease caused by the hardening of
the lens.
- Presbyopia is caused by a hardening of the lens of your eye, which
occurs with aging. As your lens becomes less flexible, it can no longer
change shape to focus on close-up images. As a result, these images
appear out of focus.

REFERENCES:

 Gamm, D. M., & Albert, D. M. (1998, July 20). Optic nerve | anatomy.
Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/optic-nerve
 https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/anatomy-eye
 Force Static Equilibrium. (n.d.-b).
https://www.fsps.muni.cz/emuni/data/reader/book-2/12.html#:~:text=Static
%20equilibrium%20is%20a%20state,acting%20on%20them%20is%20zero.
 Studymode.com. (2022b, March 16). Nt1310 Unit 8. 1047 Words | Studymode.
https://www.studymode.com/essays/Nt1310-Unit-8-55FDE011C1329D24.html
 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear -  Health Encyclopedia - University of
Rochester Medical Center. (n.d.).
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?
ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P02025#:~:text=When%20a%20sound%20is
%20made,The%20ossicles%20amplify%20the%20sound.
 Presbyopia - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic. (2021, November 20). Mayo
Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/presbyopia/symptoms-
causes/syc-20363328#:~:text=Presbyopia%20is%20caused%20by%20a,images
%20appear%20out%20of%20focus.