Periodic Table

of
Some Elements
 ALKALI METALS METALOIDS LANTHANOIDS
ALKALINE EARTH HALOGENS ACTINOIDS
METALS
TRANSITION METALS NOBLE GASES THEORICAL ELEMENT
3 18
Li 17 Ar
19
12
Mg 22 25 26 14
Cl
Ti
Mn
21
K Sc Fe Si
53
I
78 79 80 32
88 106 Pt Au Hg Ge
Ra Sg
121 99 69
Ubu Es Tm
 Lithium is a chemical element with the
symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a
ALKALI METALS soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Under
standard conditions, it is the least dense
Alkali metals react with

Li
metal and the least dense solid element.
water to produce heat, 3 Wikipedia
hydrogen gas, and the
corresponding metal
hydroxide.

Potassium is a chemical element with the

symbol K and atomic number 19.
19 Potassium is a silvery-white metal that is
soft enough to be cut with a knife with

K
little force. Potassium metal reacts
rapidly with atmospheric oxygen to form
flaky white potassium peroxide in only
seconds of exposure
Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol
Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray solid
which bears a close physical resemblance to the
ALKALINE EARTH
other five elements in the second column (group

Mg
METALS
2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table:
all group 2 elements have the same electron 12 It is any of the divalent
strongly basic metals of group
configuration in the outer electron shell and a
II of the periodic table
similar crystal structure. comprising beryllium,
magnesium, calcium,
strontium, barium, and radium
and it is also called alkaline
earth

Radium is a chemical element with the symbol

Ra and atomic number 88. It is the sixth 88
element in group 2 of the periodic table, also
known as the alkaline earth metals. Pure
radium is silvery-white, but it readily reacts
with nitrogen on exposure to air, forming a
Ra
black surface layer of radium nitride.
TRANSITION METALS
The IUPAC definition defines a transition
metal as "an element whose atom has a
partially filled d sub-shell, or which can
give rise to cations with an incomplete d
sub-shell".
 Scandium is a chemical element Potassium is a chemical
with the symbol Sc and atomic element with the symbol K and

Sc
number 21. A silvery-white atomic number 19. Potassium is

Ti
metallic d-block element, it has a silvery-white metal that is
historically been classified as a soft enough to be cut with a
22
21 rare-earth element, together
with yttrium and the
knife with little force.
Potassium metal reacts rapidly
lanthanides. with atmospheric oxygen to
form flaky white potassium
peroxide in only seconds of
exposure

106
Sg Seaborgium is a synthetic chemical element
with the symbol Sg and atomic number 106. It
78
Pt Platinum is a chemical element with the
symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a
dense, malleable, ductile, highly
unreactive, precious, silverish-white
is named after the American nuclear chemist
transition metal. Its name originates
Glenn T. Seaborg. As a synthetic element, it from Spanish platina, a diminutive of
can be created in a laboratory but is not plata "silver."
found in nature.
 Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol
Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard brittle
silvery metal, often found in minerals in Iron is a chemical element
combination with iron. Manganese is a transition with symbol Fe and atomic
metal with a multifaceted array of industrial
number 26. It is a metal that

Mn
alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. It

Fe
improves strength, workability, and resistance to belongs to the first transition
wear. Manganese oxide is used as an oxidising series and group 8 of the

25
agent, as a rubber additive, in glass making,
fertilisers, and ceramics. Manganese sulfate can
be used as a fungicide.
26 periodic table. It is, by mass,
the most common element on
Earth, right in front of
oxygen, forming much of
Earth's outer and inner core.

Hg
Mercury is a chemical element with the symbol Hg
79 80 and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as

Au Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin:
aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher
atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright,
slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile
metal in a pure form. Chemically, gold is a transition metal
and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive
chemical elements and is solid under standard conditions.
Gold often occurs in free elemental (native) form, as
nuggets or grains, in rocks, veins, and alluvial deposits.
quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum
from the Greek words, hydor (water) and argyros
(silver).[4] A heavy, silvery d-block element,
mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid
at standard conditions for temperature and
pressure; the only other element that is liquid
under these conditions is the halogen bromine,
though metals such as caesium, gallium, and
rubidium melt just above room temperature.
 Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and
Germanium is a chemical element with the

METALLOIDS
atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid
symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a
with a blue-grey metallic luster, and is a tetravalent
metalloid and semiconductor. It is a member of group lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white metalloid
This is a type of chemical
14 in the periodic table: carbon is above it; and element which has a
in the carbon group, chemically similar to its
germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium are below it. It is preponderance of group neighbors silicon and tin. Pure germanium
relatively unreactive. Because of its high chemical properties in between, or is a semiconductor with an appearance similar to
affinity for oxygen, it was not until 1823 that Jöns that are a mixture of, elemental silicon. Like silicon, germanium
Jakob Berzelius was first able to prepare it and those of metals and
nonmetals.
naturally reacts and forms complexes with
characterize it in pure form. Its oxides form a family
of anions known as silicates. oxygen in nature.

14 32
Si Ge
There is no standard
definition of a metalloid
and no complete
agreement on which
elements are metalloids.
Silicon is the eighth most common element in the
universe by mass, but very rarely occurs as the pure The largest use of germanium is in the semiconductor
element in the Earth's crust. It is most widely industry. When doped with small amounts of arsenic,
distributed in space in cosmic dusts, planetoids, and
gallium, indium, antimony or phosphorus, germanium is
planets as various forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or
used to make transistors for use in electronic devices.
silicates. More than 90% of the Earth's crust is composed
of silicate minerals, making silicon the second most Germanium is also used to create alloys and as a
abundant element in the Earth's crust (about 28% by phosphor in fluorescent lamps.
mass), after oxygen.

The halogens are a group in the
periodic table consisting of five
17
Cl(Chlorine)
Potassium is a chemical element with
the symbol K and atomic number 19.
Potassium is a silvery-white metal that
is soft enough to be cut with a knife
with little force. Potassium metal
reacts rapidly with atmospheric oxygen
to form flaky white potassium peroxide
in only seconds of exposure
HALOGENS
or six chemically related
35
elements: fluorine, chlorine,
bromine, iodine (I), and
astatine. The artificially I(Iodine)
created element 117,
tennessine, may also be a
halogen. In the modern IUPAC
Potassium is a chemical element with
nomenclature, this group is
known as group 17.
the symbol K and atomic number 19.
Potassium is a silvery-white metal that
is soft enough to be cut with a knife
with little force. Potassium metal
reacts rapidly with atmospheric oxygen
to form flaky white potassium peroxide
in only seconds of exposure
 18
A bright, silvery metal.
When irradiated in a nuclear
T
h
69 reactor, thulium produces
an isotope that emits x-rays.

A
Tm
u A 'button' of this isotope is
l used to make a lightweight,
i portable x-ray machine for

(Argon) u medical use. Thulium is used

m in lasers with surgical
E applications.
i
n According to Redfern, the

99 main use of einsteinium is to

Es
s
create heavier elements,
t
including mendelevium. Due
e
Argon is a chemical element with the symbol Ar and i
to the high rate of decay
and radioactive nature,
atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table n there are currently no other
and is a noble gas.[7] Argon is the third-most abundant i uses for einsteinium.
gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9340 ppmv). It u
U m
is more than twice as abundant as water vapor (which
n
averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), 23 times
as abundant as carbon dioxide (400 ppmv), and more
b
121
Ubu
i
than 500 times as abundant as neon (18 ppmv). Argon is u
Unbiunium, also known as eka-actinium or simply element 121,
n
the most abundant noble gas in Earth's crust, comprising is the hypothetical chemical element with symbol Ubu and
i atomic number 121. Unbiunium and Ubu are the temporary
0.00015% of the crust. u systematic IUPAC name and symbol respectively, which are
used until the element is discovered, confirmed, and a
m
permanent name is decided upon.
 18
A Lanthanoids and actinoids are f-block
(Argon)
NOBLE
GASES
Noble gas, any of the seven chemical elements that make up Group
18 (VIIIa) of the periodic table. The elements are helium (He), neon
(Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn), and
oganesson (Og). The noble gases are colourless, odourless, tasteless,
nonflammable gases. They traditionally have been labeled Group 0 in
the periodic table because for decades after their discovery it was
believed that they could not bond to other atoms; that is, that
their atoms could not combine with those of other elements to
form chemical compounds. Their electronic structures and the
finding that some of them do indeed form compounds has led to
the more appropriate designation, Group 18.
69 transition elements, but their general
Tm properties differ significantly from those of
LANTHINOIDS
d-block transition metals. These elements are
placed in separate positions in the periodic
table showing that the periodicity of their
electronic structures differs from the main
stream. Although lanthanoids are called rare-
earth elements, their abundance in the crust
is by 110 means rare and chemistry utilizing
their unique properties is likely to develop
99 significantly in the near future. Actinoids are
Es closely related to nuclear chemistry and
ACTINOIDS nuclear energy. Since the amount of
superheavy elements "synthesized" in
accelerators is very minute, they are very
significant from the viewpoint of applied
chemistry.
121 Theory-elements are elementary empirical
theories in two senses. First, they are the
Ubu smallest set-theoretical entities that may
THEORITICAL have empirical claims associated with them.
Second, more complex, non-elementary,
ELEMENT
“molecular” empirical theories are all built
from theory-elements that are linked in
specific ways (Ch. IV).
References:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodictable
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandium
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaborgium
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsteinium

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alkaline%20earth%20metal
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unbiuniu
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloid m#:~:text=Unbiunium%2
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Germanium
C%20also%20known%20as%20eka,permanen
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen t%20name%20is%20decided%20upon.
https://www.britannica.com/science/noble-gas
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-3765-9_2#:~:text=
Theory%2Delements%20are%20elementary
%20empirical,linked%20in%20specific%20ways%20(Ch.