Color Plates

The photographs on the following pages are presented to e­xhibit

color where it will help in gaining a better visual image and under-
standing of descriptions that appear in the text of this book. The
first 37 images pertain to direct microscopic examination of speci-
mens. The remaining 130 pertain to fungal cultures and tests that
contribute to identification.
Many of the photographs of fungal colonies are from stock
cultures. It is imperative that the reader be cognizant of the fact
that many fungi may vary somewhat in their colony pigment and
t­exture, depending mainly on the strain of the organism and some-
times on the medium on which it is cultured. Initial isolates from
p­atient specimens usually produce the most classic colony morph­
ology. Stock cultures may lose some of the typifying c­haracteristics,
e­specially outstanding pigment production; proficiency test sam-
ples, unfortunately, often demonstrate this loss.
The colonies represented are either on Sabouraud dextrose
agar (SDA) or potato dextrose agar (PDA); the medium is indicated
in each instance. Although most subcultured isolates grow well on
SDA, it is not always supportive as a primary culture medium or as
a medium for the propagation of conidia.

Stain abbreviations: GMS, Gomori methenamine silver; H&E, hema-

toxylin and eosin; PAS, p­eriodic acid-Schiff.

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1. Suppurative inflammation/microabscess. Low 2. Suppurative inflammation: (A) polymorphonuclear
magnification. H&E. leukocytes (neutrophils); (B) few lymphocytes. High
magnification. H&E.

3. Chronic inflammation. Low magnification. H&E. 4. Chronic inflammation showing (A) lymphocyte,
(B) plasma cell, (C) histiocyte, (D) eosinophil. High
magnification. H&E.

5. Epithelioid histiocytes and few lymphocytes. H&E. 6. Granulation tissue. H&E.

428 Color Plates

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7. Collagen and fibroblasts. High magnification. H&E. 8. Fibrosis. Low magnification. H&E.

9. Langhans giant cell with engulfed spherule of 10. Granuloma composed of giant cells. H&E.
Coccidioides. H&E. (Courtesy of Joan Barenfanger.)

11. Granuloma with epithelioid histiocytes. H&E. 12. Granuloma with caseous necrosis in center. H&E.
Low magnification. (Courtesy of Douglas Flieder.)

Color Plates 429

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13. Granuloma with caseous necrosis (A); higher 14. Calcified granuloma in a case of histoplasmosis. Low
magnification of Color Plate 12. Giant cell (B, at arrow) magnification. H&E. (Courtesy of Douglas Flieder.)
in rim. H&E. (Courtesy of Douglas Flieder.)

15. Calcified granuloma; higher magnification of Color 16. (A) Necrotic tissue. (B) Nonnecrotic tissue. H&E.
Plate 14. (A) Calcification; (B) necrosis; (C) histiocytes;
(D) fibrosis. H&E. (Courtesy of Douglas Flieder.)

17. Angioinvasion and necrosis. Low magnification. H&E. 18. Angioinvasion and infarction. High magnification of
Color Plate 17. H&E.

430 Color Plates

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19. Skin: (A) stratum corneum; (B) epidermis; (C) dermis. H&E. 20. Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon (at arrow) surrounding
an actinomycotic granule. (Courtesy of Joan Barenfanger.)

21. Actinomyces in liver aspirate. Gram stain. (Courtesy of 22. Eumycotic mycetoma granule. GMS. (Courtesy of
Joan Barenfanger.) Evelyn Koestenblatt.)

23. Nocardia in lung. Coates-Fite acid-fast stain. (Courtesy 24. Mucormycete in tissue. GMS. (Courtesy of Joan
of Ron C. Neafie.) Barenfanger.)

Color Plates 431

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25. Aspergillus in lung. Low magnification. GMS. 26. Aspergillus in lung. High magnification. GMS.

27. Aspergillus in lung. Oil immersion magnification. 28. Tinea versicolor. PAS.
Calcofluor white stain.

29. Fontana-Masson stain. Cladosporium in sputum smear. 30. Chromoblastomycosis; brownish sclerotic body in center.
H&E. (Courtesy of Ron C. Neafie.)

432 Color Plates

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31. Blastomyces dermatitidis. GMS. (Courtesy of 32. Blastomyces dermatitidis in giant cell. H&E. (Courtesy of
Joan Barenfanger.) Joan Barenfanger.)

33. Cryptococcus neoformans in cerebrospinal fluid. India 34. Cryptococcus neoformans (at arrows) in tissue. H&E
ink preparation. (left). Mucicarmine (right). (Courtesy of Douglas Flieder.)

35. Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly Pneumocystis carinii) 36. Coccidioides sp. in lung. GMS.
in lung. GMS.

Color Plates 433

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42. Streptomyces sp. on slant. SDA, 30°C, 9 days.

38. Nocardia sp. on slant. SDA, 30°C, 9 days.

40. Nocardia brasiliensis. SDA, 30°C, 9 days.

41. Nocardia otitidiscaviarum on slant. SDA, 30°C, 9 days.

37. Rhinosporidium seeberi in nasal tissue. Mucicarmine.

39. Nocardia brasiliensis on slant. SDA, 30°C, 9 days.

Color Plates
(Courtesy of Douglas Flieder.)

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43. Streptomyces sp. SDA, 30°C, 9 days. 44. Candida albicans. Colonies with “feet” on sheep blood
agar, 35°C, 2 days.

45. CHROMagar: green colonies, C. albicans; blue colonies, 46. Candida tropicalis. SDA, 30°C, 2 days.
C. tropicalis; pink, dry colonies, C. krusei.

47. Candida krusei. SDA plate, 30°C, 2 days. Dry, rough 48. Candida krusei. SDA slant, 30°C, 3 days. Note film of
colonies. growth on side of tube.

Color Plates 435

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49. Candida rugosa on CHROMagar Candida. 50. Candida glabrata. SDA, 30°C, 3 days. Note tiny colonies
as compared to C. tropicalis.

51. Rapid assimilation of trehalose (RAT) test, Mayo Clinic 52. Cryptococcus neoformans. SDA plate, 30°C, 3 days.
method: C. glabrata (positive) and C. tropicalis (negative); Note mucoid nature of colonies.
37°C, 1 h (see p. 418).

53. Birdseed agar. Room temperature, 3 days. The brown 54. Caffeic acid test, 30°C, 4 h. C. neoformans or C. gattii
colonies could be C. neoformans or C. gattii (see p. 403). (positive) and other Cryptococcus sp. (negative); see p. 379.

436 Color Plates

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55. Rhodotorula sp. SDA, 30°C, 3 days. 56. Sporobolomyces salmonicolor. SDA, 30°C, 5 days. Note
small satelliting colonies (due to ballistoconidia).

57. SDA plates taped together to best demonstrate 58. SDA plates separated after being taped together for
ballistoconidia formation (see p. 154). 5 days at room temperature. Note mirror-image colonies of
S. salmonicolor formed by ballistoconidia.

59. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Kinyoun stain of ascospores 60. Wickerhamomyces (Pichia  ) anomalus. Kinyoun stain
(red) after growth on ascospore agar. of ascospores (red) after growth on a­scospore agar. Note
brimmed-hat shape of ascospores.

Color Plates 437

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61. Malassezia sp. Calcofluor white stain of organism from 62. Trichosporon asahii. PDA, 30°C, 8 days.
culture. Arrows indicate bluntly cut-off neck at point of
conidiation.

63. Geotrichum candidum. SDA plate, 30°C, 3 days. 64. Geotrichum candidum. SDA slant, 30°C, 3 days. Rough,
Powdery to cottony strain. yeastlike strain.

65. Dalmau plate. Three yeastlike fungi inoculated onto 66. Sporothrix schenckii. Mould phase, SDA, 30°C, 6 days.
cornmeal-Tween 80 agar (see p. 409). Surface of colony.

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67. Sporothrix schenckii. Mould phase, SDA, 30°C, 6 days. 68. Histoplasma capsulatum slant. SDA, 30°C, 18 days.
Reverse of colony.

69. Blastomyces dermatitidis slant. SDA, 30°C, 18 days. 70. Talaromyces marneffei. SDA, 30°C, 4 days. Surface of
colony. Note strong red diffusing pigment of primary isolate.
(Courtesy of William Merz.)

71. Talaromyces marneffei. PDA, 30°C, 3 days. Surface of 72. Talaromyces marneffei. PDA, 30°C, 3 days. Reverse of
colony. Note pale red diffusing pigment of stock culture. colony. Note pale red diffusing pigment of stock culture.

Color Plates 439

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73. Rhizopus sp. slant. SDA, 30°C, 4 days. Note robust cotton 74. Lichtheimia (Absidia  ) corymbifera. SDA, 30°C, 4 days.
candy-like growth, typical of many zygomycetes, order Cotton candy-like growth.
Mucorales.

75. Cokeromyces recurvatus. PDA, 30°C, 5 days. Note lack 76. Cunninghamella bertholletiae slant. SDA, 30°C, 4 days.
of woolly growth. Cotton candy-like growth.

77. Syncephalastrum racemosum slant. SDA, 30°C, 3 days. 78. Fonsecaea pedrosoi. SDA, 30°C, 14 days. Surface of
Cotton candy-like growth. colony.

440 Color Plates

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79. Fonsecaea pedrosoi. SDA, 30°C, 14 days. Reverse of 80. Phialophora verrucosa. SDA, 30°C, 12 days.
colony, typical of completely dark, dematiaceous fungi.

81. Phaeoacremonium parasiticum. PDA, 30°C, 7 days. 82. Cladosporium sp. SDA, 30°C, 7 days.

83. Cladophialophora carrionii. SDA, 30°C, 14 days. Surface 84. Pseudallescheria boydii/Scedosporium boydii. SDA,
of colony. 30°C, 7 days. Surface of colony.

Color Plates 441

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85. Pseudallescheria boydii/Scedosporium boydii. SDA, 86. Lomentospora prolificans. SDA, 30°C, 7 days. Surface of
30°C, 7 days. Reverse of colony. colony.

87. Lomentospora prolificans. SDA, 30°C, 7 days. Reverse of 88. Verruconis gallopava. SDA, 30°C, 7 days.
colony.

89. Exophiala jeanselmei complex. SDA, 30°C, 14 days. 90. Exophiala jeanselmei complex. SDA, 30°C, 14 days.
Surface of colony. Reverse of colony.

442 Color Plates

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443
92. Exophiala dermatitidis. SDA, 30°C, 21 days. Reverse of

94. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum slant. SDA, 30°C, 3 days.

Color Plates
96. Curvularia sp. SDA, 30°C, 5 days.
colony.
91. Exophiala dermatitidis. SDA, 30°C, 21 days. Surface of

93. Aureobasidium pullulans. SDA, 30°C, 7 days.

95. Stachybotrys chartarum. SDA, 30°C, 7 days.

colony.

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97. Bipolaris sp. SDA, 30°C, 5 days. Surface of colony. 98. Bipolaris sp. SDA, 30°C, 5 days. Reverse of colony.

99. Exserohilum sp. SDA, 30°C, 7 days. 100. Alternaria sp. SDA, 30°C, 5 days. Surface of colony.

101. Alternaria sp. SDA, 30°C, 5 days. Reverse of colony. 102. Epicoccum sp. PDA, 30°C, 7 days. Surface of colony.
Note yellow-orange diffusing pigment.

444 Color Plates

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103. Epicoccum sp. PDA, 30°C, 7 days. Reverse of colony. 104. Nigrospora sp. slant. SDA, 30°C, 4 days.
Note yellow-orange diffusing pigment.

105. Chaetomium sp. PDA, 30°C, 5 days. Surface of colony. 106. Chaetomium sp. PDA, 30°C, 5 days. Reverse of colony.

107. Phoma sp. SDA, 30°C, 5 days. 108. Microsporum audouinii. PDA, 30°C, 7 days. Surface of
colony.

Color Plates 445

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109. Microsporum audouinii. PDA, 30°C, 7 days. Reverse of 110. Microsporum canis var. canis. PDA, 30°C, 7 days.
colony. Surface of colony.

111. Microsporum canis var. canis. PDA, 30°C, 7 days. 112. Microsporum gypseum complex. PDA, 30°C, 6 days.
Reverse of colony. Surface of colony.

113. Microsporum gypseum complex. SDA, 30°C, 6 days. 114. Microsporum nanum. SDA, 30°C, 7 days. Surface of
Reverse of colony. colony.

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115. Microsporum nanum. SDA, 30°C, 7 days. Reverse of 116. Trichophyton mentagrophytes. PDA, 30°C, 7 days.
colony. Surface of colony.

117. Trichophyton mentagrophytes. PDA, 30°C, 7 days. 118. Trichophyton rubrum. PDA, 30°C, 7 days. Surface of
Reverse of colony. colony.

119. Trichophyton rubrum. PDA, 30°C, 7 days. Reverse of 120. Trichophyton tonsurans. SDA, 30°C, 7 days. Surface of
colony. colony, yellowish rose strain.

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121. Trichophyton tonsurans. SDA, 30°C, 7 days. Surface of 122. Trichophyton tonsurans. SDA, 30°C, 7 days. Reverse of
colony, white and yellow strain. colony.

123. Trichophyton terrestre. SDA, 30°C, 7 days. Surface of 124. Trichophyton terrestre. SDA, 30°C, 7 days. Reverse of
colony. colony.

125. Trichophyton soudanense. (Courtesy of Joel Mortensen.) 126. Epidermophyton floccosum. PDA, 30°C, 12 days.
Surface of colony.

448 Color Plates

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127. Epidermophyton floccosum. PDA, 30°C, 12 days. 128. Dermatophyte test medium. Dermatophytes turn
Reverse of colony. medium red (see p. 409).

129. In vitro hair perforation test. Positive result. Note 130. Malbranchea sp. PDA, 30°C, 7 days. Surface of colony.
wedge-shaped perforations (see p. 382).

131. Malbranchea sp. PDA, 30°C, 7 days. Reverse of colony. 132. Arthrographis kalrae. PDA, 30°C, 8 days.

Color Plates 449

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133. Aspergillus fumigatus. SDA, 30°C, 4 days. Surface of 134. Aspergillus fumigatus. SDA, 30°C, 4 days. Reverse of
colony. colony.

135. Aspergillus niger. SDA, 30°C, 4 days; surface of colony. 136. Aspergillus niger. SDA, 30°C, 4 days. Reverse of colony.

137. Aspergillus flavus. PDA, 30°C, 4 days. Surface of colony. 138. Aspergillus flavus. PDA, 30°C, 4 days. Reverse of colony.

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139. Aspergillus versicolor. SDA, 30°C, 4 days. Surface of 140. Aspergillus versicolor. SDA, 30°C, 4 days. Reverse of
colony. colony.

141. Aspergillus calidoustus. SDA, 30°C, 4 days. 142. Aspergillus nidulans. SDA, 30°C, 4 days. Surface of
colony.

143. Aspergillus nidulans. SDA, 30°C, 4 days. Reverse of 144. Aspergillus nidulans. Red ascospores and hyaline
colony. Hülle cells.

Color Plates 451

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150. Purpureocillium lilacinum. PDA, 30°C, 4 days. (Courtesy

146. Aspergillus terreus. PDA, 30°C, 4 days. Reverse of

148. Penicillium sp. SDA, 30°C, 4 days.

of Victoria Ruppert.)
colony.
145. Aspergillus terreus. PDA, 30°C, 4 days. Surface of

149. Paecilomyces variotii. SDA, 30°C, 4 days.

147. Aspergillus clavatus. PDA, 30°C, 4 days.

Color Plates
colony.

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151. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis sp. SDA, 30°C, 5 days. Surface 152. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis sp. SDA, 30°C, 5 days.
of colony. Reverse of colony.

153. Gliocladium sp. SDA, 30°C, 5 days. Surface of colony. 154. Gliocladium sp. SDA, 30°C, 5 days. Reverse of colony.

155. Trichoderma sp. SDA, 30°C, 5 days. Surface of colony. 156. Trichoderma sp. SDA, 30°C, 5 days. Reverse of colony.

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extended incubation was required for pigment production.

160. Acremonium sp. SDA, 30°C, 5 days. Reverse of colony.

162. Trichothecium roseum. PDA, 30°C, 8 days. The

158. Verticillium sp. SDA, 30°C, 4 days.

159. Acremonium sp. SDA, 30°C, 5 days. Surface of colony.

157. Beauveria sp. SDA, 30°C, 4 days.

161. Fusarium sp. SDA, 30°C, 4 days.

Color Plates
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455
164. Chrysosporium sp. PDA, 30°C, 6 days. Reverse of

Color Plates
166. Sepedonium sp. SDA, 30°C, 6 days.
colony.

165. Sporotrichum pruinosum. SDA, 30°C, 6 days. Colony

167. Xanthine hydrolysis test. Positive result (see p. 423).

163. Chrysosporium sp. PDA, 30°C, 6 days. Surface of

spreads to cover entire agar surface.

colony.