Operations Management

1. What are various decision criteria for deciding a location for a business setup?
Explain these decision criteria with reference to a location decision for setting up
a Healthcare setup (assume a healthcare setup type of your choice).
INTRODUCTION
Site selection is one in all the primary and most significant steps health care
organizations take once embarking on the event of a new outpatient facility. Over simply
selecting a plot of ground, there are several factors that enter the choice of a facility site
from the size and cost of a parcel of land to its visibility, its proximity to alternative health
care facilities and how quickly it is often developed. Site choice may be a multifaceted
issue that has the potential to impact the remainder of a project and, eventually, the
success of the ensuing facility. Particularly for health care organizations that haven't
built a new facility within the past, selecting a website and launching the event are often
daunting. That’s why it's vital to possess a clear understanding of all concerns before
starting a website search. With the right context and preparation, health care
organizations will conduct a site-selection method that matches soundly among the
project’s overall timeline, budget and vision for success.

CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS

The first step in making any new facility is setting a transparent vision. Before distinctive
and reviewing properties, health care organizations should define what they hope the
finished facility can appear as if, however it'll perform, whom it'll serve and its place
within the broader space.

Following are the various decision criteria for deciding a location for a business
setup:
Location, Location, Location
When setting priorities for a facility site, location is often one in all the foremost vital
factors to think about. Several projects are borne out of an organization’s strategic goal
to expand its services and presence into a geographic area - a city or neighborhood
wherever their existing or potential patients live and work.
Rarely, however, would geographic limits be the sole deciding issue for a property’s
location. There tend to be alternative specific characteristics an organization needs
when selecting a site. Convenience, for instance, may be a common thought for health
care projects. Organizations typically prioritize ease of patient access to their facilities,
creating for a higher overall patient expertise and contributing to the likelihood that
they're going to return and refer others. Those accessibility concerns embody such
factors as proximity to a main road interchange, position in or close to a busy retail
district, proximity to a fascinating residential community and amount and convenience of
parking.

Size Matters
The size of a development site is another essentially vital factor. Ideally, health care
organizations ought to select a plot of land which will accommodate their current and
projected square-footage desires, parking infrastructure and other concerns while not
having a lot of excess land area. Unless the organization has larger plans for
enlargement, there’s no got to overbuy.
If a corporation is partnering with a care realty development company, that partner
ought to be ready to estimate what quantity land a facility can get to accommodate the
building’s square footage, parking, emptying and alternative concerns, like potential
future growth. This enables a corporation to slim its property decisions to people who
are the right size. Of course, it typically happens that a healthcare organization is drawn
to a site that's either overly large or too tiny to utterly accommodate its original vision.
Within the case of a too-small site that's otherwise ideal, it should try and adapt its
development plan to build the facility and the parcel.

Cost Controls
Property location and size are among the first drivers of property costs. All alternative
factors being equal, properties within the most desirable, convenient locations can price
over their counterparts in additional out-of-the means locales. Therein means, a
corporation with a strict or tight budget might ought to compromise on property location,
size or each to create their vision a reality. Additionally, the choice to get or ground
lease a property will have a modest impact on site costs. Although there is often some
economic profit to ground leasing a property, owning and fully controlling the property is
commonly a better decision for a corporation within the long run. Generally, once
layering within the land purchase price and semipermanent ground lease expense, the
difference usually isn't important.
Conversely, there is often a serious price distinction between retrofitting an existing
building and developing a new facility from the bottom up. This can be very true once
the project may be a smaller retail facility, like an urgent care center or medical care
doctor’s workplace that the organization needs to find in an exceedingly high-traffic
area. Retrofitting a former retail location, significantly if it had an open idea plan, will
permit a corporation to avoid wasting cash by taking advantage of existing
infrastructure.

Speed to opening
An organization conjointly might judge sites supported however quickly it'd be ready to
complete the event and open its doors. Maybe the organization needs to serve a new
area quickly or maybe it merely can’t wait from now on for the new or additional space.
When speed is vital, the health care organization or its development partner might
narrow the site search to incorporate solely those properties that are prepared for
medical development. which means properties that are the right size, have the right
division and no restrictions, permitting development to start while not an extended
approval method or time-consuming zoning code changes or variances.
In addition, the organization ought to make sure that the positioning is freed from any
environmental considerations, like wetlands, or remediation issues like underground
storage tanks on the site of a former gas station. It will take heaps of your time to
manage these problems before a site is prepared for development.

CONCLUSION
There are several factors to think about once evaluating properties for a possible health
care facility. Usually, there's no excellent site and organizations should weigh their
choices. By keeping these criteria in mind and measuring them against the planned
priorities and vision for the event, health care organizations will contour their site-
selection method and select the most effective site for his or her facilities.
2. Explain in detail the various types of plant layout concepts that are available in
operations management. Give examples on where each of these types can be
employed respectively. Briefly explain a layout applicable for a Restaurant format,
highlighting the good points and bottlenecks, if any.
INTRODUCTION
Plant Layout encompasses production and repair facilities and provides for the foremost
effective utilization of the men, materials, and machines constituting the tactic, it is a
master blueprint for coordinating all operations performed inside the mill.
Plant layout is that the general arrangement of the assembly method, store-room, stock-
room, tool-room, material handling equipment, aisles, racks and sub-stores, employee
services, and each one totally different accent required for facilitation of the assembly
within the plant.

CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS

Type of Plant Layout
Process Layout
This type of layout is additionally known as a useful layout. All machines playing the
same sort of operations are sorted at one location within the method layout e.g., all
lathes, milling, machines, cutting machines etc. within the engineering search are
clustered in their like teams. so all formations are going to be drained one space and
every one the lathes are going to be placed in another space.
In this layout, many products could share a machine to form its full use. The serial
arrangement of the machine cluster is usually, however not essentially created on the
premise of labor operations.

Advantages of Process Layout

➢ It eliminates the duplication of machines and permits the optimum use of put in
capability.
➢ It facilitates flexibility in production. It's more versatile than a line layout. a totally
different product is created while not changing within the arrangements of the
machine.
➢ The production capability isn't organized in rigid sequence and glued rated
capability with line leveling.

Disadvantages of Process Layout

➢ Due to a scarcity of straight-line sequence of production, it's not possible to keep
up the road leveling in production. therefore the issues of bottleneck and waiting
and also the idle capability.
➢ The cost of fabric handling will increase thanks to long routing and backtracking
between the processes.
 ➢ The time interval is prolonged to cut back the inventory turnover and will increase
the investments in inventories.

Product Layout
In this sort of layout, the machines are organized within the sequence as required by the
actual product. All machines pro re nata to balance the actual line of products are
organized during a serial line however not essentially within the line. It's additionally
called “ the product line layout.” In this layout, one product goes through all the
machines lined up, within the order needed by its manufacturer. The known example of
this type of layout is seen in motor automobile production. To form this layout triple-
crown, the work on the assorted machines should be balanced. The method of paying
back loading at every stage of production is named line leveling.

Advantages of Product layout

➢ Reduced material handling charge thanks to straight-line production flow.
➢ Mechanization of material handling between fastened points.
➢ Line leveling could eliminate bottlenecks and idle capability.
➢ Shorter operative cycle thanks to shorter and speedy movement of materials.
➢ Maximum utilization of machine and labor capability through developing a correct
balance between them.

Disadvantages of Product layout

➢ The duplication of machines and instrumentation necessitates the inflated
investments in them someday leading to idle capability.
➢ The production flow is regulated through the line sequence and glued rated
capability, and so makes it extremely inflexible.
➢ The breakdown of 1 single machine within the line interrupts the complete
production flow.
➢ Unlike method layout, the advantages of specialized oversight isn't doable

Combined Layout
Generally pure method or pure product layout isn't found in observation. Each method
and product layouts are mutually exclusive. Correct compromise reaping the
advantages of each of the layouts is feasible to some extent. Thus efforts are created to
possess the combined layout incorporating the advantages of method and product
layout. Combined layout is developed as under:
➢ Product layout for the most product with a method layout for joint or by-product
sound the idle capability of product layout beside marginal investments needed in
method layout.
➢ To diversify the assembly with a read to tap the idle capability of the product
layout. product with a whole negative correlation with the product line will create
the utmost use of idle capability of the product layout.
➢ In the product layout, some methods are also separate from the product line e.g.,
objectionable, hazardous, requiring special treatment and repetitive performance
etc.

Project Layout
➢ The production operation needs the movements of men, machines and materials.
usually few inputs tend to be static whereas the others are moving.
➢ In the product layout and method layout usually the machines have fastened
installations and also the operators are static in terms of their such work stations.
➢ It is solely the materials that move type operation to operation for the aim of
process. however wherever the merchandise is giant in size and significant in
weight, it tends to be static, e.g., building.
➢ In such a production system, the merchandise remains static and also the men
and machines move, acting the operations on the merchandise. The assembly
characteristics are ample enough to treat it as a separate sort of layout, viz. static
product layout.

CONCLUSION
Assembly line room style layout is right for restaurants that require to serve an outsized
variety of individuals at a time. The layout works higher for food businesses that serve
an outsized amount of the same food to their customers like pizza shops. In this layout,
kitchen equipment is organized in an exceedingly manner with the food preparation
space at one finish and also the service area at another that permits cooks to quickly
send food down the road. In assembly line restaurant room layout, cleaning and storage
areas are unbroken behind to keep them out of the means that guarantee efficiency of
labor and excellent communication. So, for a business format, the best layout is the
Assembly line layout because it meets all the necessities of a restaurant, thus it'll be
sensible.

3. The Education Sector is a good example wherein the operations involve the
involvement of the “core teaching function” to be coordinating and working in
sync with other departments. With reference to the education sector discuss the
following aspects of operations in an Educational setup
a. Explain the role of an Operations Managers in their interface with other
functions in the institute. Give relevant examples .
INTRODUCTION
We are asked to discuss the role of the operations manager with reference to the
tutorial setup. The role of the operations manager within their interface with different
functions in the institute are going to be as under. So in brief, the operational manager
has got to arrange for the best use of resources and distribution of materials within the
institution. Along with this, he's needed to manage the budget, negotiate contracts, and
perform different body tasks. The Operations Manager role is principally to implement
the correct processes and practices across the organization.

CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS

An operations manager could be one that is accountable to ensure the economical
operation of every department. This requires exhaustion in order to amass the optical
goal of the organization.
For example, If the goal of an educational establishment is to get 100 percent results
from the student then the operations manager ought to check whether or not the
establishment has those facilities so as for the students to use to fulfill the specified
goal.
For example: If it's the role of the educational institution to become No.1 in sports along
with being one among the most supposed educational institutes then the operational
manager ought to see that the resources and therefore the materials needed for getting
these goals are present with the organization.
The specific duties of an Operations Manager embody formulating strategy, rising
performance, procuring material and resources and securing compliance. you must be
able to mentor your team members, find ways to extend quality of client service and
implement best practices across all levels. Ultimately, we’ll trust you to help us remain
compliant, economical and profitable throughout the course of business.
Followings are the role of an Operations Managers in their interface with other
functions in the institute.
➢ Ensure all operations are carried on in an applicable, cost-efficient approach
➢ Improve operational management systems, processes and best practices
➢ Purchase materials, arrange inventory and supervise warehouse potency
➢ Help the organization’s processes stay wrongfully compliant
➢ Formulate strategic and operational objectives
➢ Examine money knowledge and use them to boost gain
➢ Manage budgets and forecasts
➢ Perform quality controls and monitor production KPIs
➢ Recruit, train and supervise employees
➢ Find ways in which to extend quality of client service

b. Define Quality and list and discuss in brief the various dimensions of quality in
operations .
INTRODUCTION
Garvin proposes eight crucial dimensions or classes of quality that may function as a
framework for strategic analysis: Performance, features, reliableness, conformance,
durability, usableness, aesthetics, and perceived quality.

Following are the various dimensions of quality in operations .

1. Performance
Performance refers to a product's primary in operation characteristics. For associate
automobiles, performance would come with traits like acceleration, handling, cruising
speed, and luxury. As a result of this dimension of quality involves measurable
attributes, brands will sometimes be stratified objectively on individual aspects of
performance. Overall performance rankings, however, square measure tougher to
develop, particularly once they involve advantages that not each client wants.

2. Features
Features are sometimes the secondary aspects of performance, the "bells and whistles"
of merchandise and services, those characteristics that supplement their basic
functioning. The road separating primary performance characteristics from secondary
options is usually troublesome to draw. What's crucial is that options involve objective
and measurable attributes; objective individual wants, not prejudices, have an effect on
their translation into quality variations.

3. Reliability
This dimension reflects the likelihood of a product being nonfunctional or failing inside
such a fundamental measure. Among the foremost common measures of reliability are
the mean solar time to 1st failure, the mean solar time between failures, and therefore
the failure rate per unit time. as a result of these measures need a product to be in use
for a such that amount, they are a lot of relevant to durables than to merchandise or
services that are consumed instantly.

4. Correspondence
Conformance is the degree to which a product's style and in operation characteristics
meet established standards. The 2 most typical measures of failure in correspondence
are defect rates within the manufacturing plant and, once a product is within the hands
of the client, the incidence of service calls. These measures neglect different deviations
from customary, like misspelled labels or shoddy construction, that don't result in
service or repair.
5. Durability
A life of product life, sturdiness has each economic and technical dimensions.
Technically, sturdiness will be outlined because the quantity of use one gets from a
product before it deteriorates. Instead, it's going to be outlined because the quantity of
use one gets from a product before it breaks down and replacement is desirable to
continue repair.

6. Usableness
Serviceability is the speed, courtesy, competence, and easy repair. Customers are
involved not solely a few products breaking down however conjointly regarding the time
before service is fixed up, the timeliness with which service appointments are kept, the
character of dealings with service personnel, and therefore the frequency with which
service calls or repairs fail to correct outstanding issues. In those cases wherever
issues aren't in real time resolved and complaints are filed, a company's complaints
handling procedures are probably to have an effect on customers' final analysis of
product and repair quality.