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Gas Laws
Boyle’s Law
The relationship between the volume and pressure of gases at a constant
temperature is inversely proportional

Mathematical Expression:

1
V ∝
P
Formula/Equation:

P1 V1 = P2 V2

Problem Solving

GRESA

Given
V1 = 4.5L
V2 = ?
P1 = 100kPa
P2 = 150kPa

Required

Gas Laws 1
 V2 = ?

Equation
P1 V1 = P2 V2

P1 V1
= V2
P2

Solution

(100kP a)(4.5L)
V2 = = 3L
150kP a
Answer
The final volume is 3L.

Given
V1 = 6 L
V2 = 3 L

P1 = 1.01atm
P2 = ?

Required

P2 = ?

Equation

P1 V1 = P2 V2

P1 V1
= P2
V2

Solution

Gas Laws 2
 (1.01atm)(6L)
P2 = = 2.02atm
3L
Answer
The pressure needed is 2.02 atm.

Charle’s Law
The volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its
absolute temperature, if the pressure remains constant

Volume is directly proportional to temperature

Mathematical Expression:

V ∝T

When pressure is constant, this equation is used to compare different conditions on

the same substance

Formula/Equation:

V1 V2
=
T1 T2

Problem Solving

Given

V1 = 2.3L

V2 = ?
T1 = 25℃ + 273= 298K
T2 = 40℃ + 273 = 313K

Required

Gas Laws 3
 V2 = ?

Equation

V1 V2
=
T1 T2
V1 T2
= V2
T1

Solution

(2.3L)(313K)
= 2.42L
298K
Answer
The final volume of the tank is 2.42L

Given

V1 = 7.2L
V2 = 4.1L

T1 = 85 ℃ + 273= 358K
T2 = ?

Required

T2 = ?

Equation

V1 V2
=
T1 T2
V2 T1
= T2
V1

Gas Laws 4
 Solution

(4.1L)(358K)
= 203.86K
7.2L
Answer
The final temperature is 203.86K

💡 Always round off to two decimal places

Gay-Lussac’s Law
The pressure of a given amount of gas held at constant volume is directly
proportional to the Kelvin temperature

Pressure is directly proportional to temperature (mathematical expression):

P ∝T

Formula/Equation

P1 P2
=
T1 T2

Combined Gas Law

Pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional to each other, but are
both directly proportional to the temperature of the gas

Mathematical Expression

PV
=k
T
Equation

P V P V
Gas Laws 5
 P1 V1 P2 V2
=
T1 T2

Ideal Gas Law

States that the volume of gas varies directly with the number of its molecules and its
absolute temperature and varies inversely with pressure.

Four variables (Pressure, temperature, volume, moles)

Mathematical expression

nT RnT
V ∝  or V =
P P
Formula/Equation

P V = nRT

Moles

L•atm
n = 0.0821
mol•K

Gas Laws 6