WEEK: 7-8 Mineral Elements Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson students should be able to: - Classify mineral elements into their various groups - State the sources of mineral elements - Identify the functions of mineral elements - List the deficiency diseases of mineral elements Minerals elements are required in a very minute quantity by the body. They are inorganic nutrients unlike protein, carbohydrates, fats and oils and vitamins that are organic. Mineral elements perform a variety of functions like growth and vital metabolic activities. Mineral elements are divided into two groups- macro elements and micro elements (trace elements). These two groups of minerals are equally important, but trace elements are needed in smaller amounts than major elements. The amounts needed in the body are not an indication of their importance. The two tables below list minerals, what they do in the body (their functions), and their sources in food. Macro Elements Mineral Function Sources Table salt, soy sauce; large Needed for proper fluid amounts in processed Sodium balance, nerve transmission, foods; small amounts in and muscle contraction milk, breads, vegetables, and unprocessed meats Table salt, soy sauce; large amounts in processed foods; small amounts in milk, meats, breads, and vegetables Potassium Needed for proper fluid Meats, milk, fresh fruits Needed for proper fluid Chloride galance, stomach acidbalance, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction Important for healthy bones and teeth; helps muscles relax and contract; important in Calcium nerve functioning, blood clotting, blood pressure regulation, immune system health Important for healthy bones and teeth; found in every cell; part of the system that maintains acid-base balance Found in bones; needed for making protein, muscle Magnesium contraction, nerve transmission, immune system health Phosphorus and vegetables, whole grains, legumes Milk and milk products; canned fish with bones (salmon, sardines); fortified tofu and fortified soy milk; greens (broccoli, mustard greens); legumes Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, processed foods (including soda pop) Nuts and seeds; legumes; leafy, green vegetables; seafood; chocolate; artichokes; "hard” drinking water Trace Elements (Micro Elements) The body needs trace elements in very small amounts. Note that iron is considered to be a trace element, although the amount needed is somewhat more than for other micro elements. Trace Elements Mineral Function Part of a molecule (hemoglobin) Iron oxygen in the body; needed for energy metabolism Part of many enzymes; needed for making protein and genetic Zinc material; has a function in taste perception, wound healing, normal Sources Organ meats; red meats; fish; poultry; shellfish (especially clam: 9) found in red blood cells that carries yolks; legumes; dried fruits; dark, leafy greens; iron-enriched breads and cereals; and fortified cereals Meats, fish, poultry, leavened whole grains, vegetablesfetal development, production of sperm, normal growth and sexual maturation, immune system health Found in thyroid hormone, which Seafood, foods grown in lodine helps regulate growth, iodine-rich soil, iodized development, and metabolism salt, bread, dairy products Legumes, nuts and seeds, whole grains, organ meats, drinking water Drinking water (either Involved in formation of bones and fluoridated or naturally teeth; helps prevent tooth decay _ containing fluoride), fish, and most teas Part of many enzymes; needed for CoPPe" iron metabolism Fluoride https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YM1ar2ElY-q https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61D2qpuERYY