Phlebotomy Unit 6 Study Guide

· What angle should the needle be entered into for a vein in the AC region? What about the
hand? For the AC region, it must enter at 15 to 30-degree angle. For the hand, it must enter at a
10 to a 15-degree angle.

· Know how to anchor a vein and which hand does so? The hand that should be used must be
the right hand with the thumb or the index finger.

· What veins are the preferred ones to use? median antecubital, cephalic, and basilic veins

· A space of _2__ to _3__ inches is used for cleaning.

· Leaving a tourniquet on too long would cause? Shaking a tube could cause?
Hemoconcentration and shaking a tube can break fragile red cells and release analytes from the
cells into the serum/plasma. Or clot activation in serum tubes and anticoagulation in plasma
tubes.

· Color tubes, additives, and number of inversions

· How do you identify unconscious patient? with a wristband or identification number.

· What needs to go on a patient label?Last, first, and middle name of the patient. Medical
record number. Patient's date of birth. Last and first name of ordering physician.

· Be able to read a requisition

· What tests require the patient to be fasting? blood glucose test. liver function test.
cholesterol test. triglyceride level test. high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level test. low-density
lipoprotein (LDL) level test.basic metabolic panel.renal function panel.

· How do you anchor the vein?The thumb goes below the venipuncture site and stretches the
skin for easier venipuncture.

· Thumb is placed _1__ to _2__ inches below the site to anchor.

· What is seating the vein? Anchoring to make sure it doesn’t roll

· When do tubes need to be mixed?Light blue, dark blue, red, gold, green, lavender, pink,
gray.

· Icteric- increased bilirubin in the blood, leading to the deposition of yellow bile pigment in the
skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (whites of the eyes), giving the patient a yellow
appearance.
· Lipemic- high levels of fats (lipids) in the blood. It can cause the blood to appear milky or
creamy, rather than its normal clear color. Lipemia is usually caused by high levels of
triglycerides, which are a type of fat in the blood.

· Hemolysis- the breaking down of red blood cells due to the mishandling of blood samples
during routine blood collection and transport.

· __concentric circles__ is the technique for cleaning.

· Fasting is…you stop eating completely, or almost completely, for a certain stretch of time. A
fast usually lasts from 12 to 24 hours

· DNR- Do not resuscitate

· Cleaning before venipuncture is done with ____70% isopropyl alcohol ________________.

· NPO is….nothing by mouth

· Know difference between STAT, Timed, Routine…What would come first? Any floors that
are more important? The one that comes first is STAT and it belongs in the ER floor.

STAT: generally an hour or less from specimen receipt until test result reporting. Such stat tests
are usually ordered when the result is needed quickly

Routine: without an immediate need for results.

Timed: For most routine testing, this is defined as the time from receipt of the specimen in the
laboratory to the time the result is reported. Turnaround times are set by the need for timeliness
of reporting for clinical decision-making.

· Why do you not bend the arm after venipuncture? It can cause a hematoma. Continue to add
pressure until it’s stopped bleeding.

· What tubes need to be on ice? What requires being protected from light? Bilirubin needs to
be protected from light. Lactic Acid, Pyruvate need to be on ice.

· What do you do if the physician is with the patient?

A phlebotomist can interrupt a physician-patient visit: If the collection is a timed specimen.

· Maximum amount of time a tourniquet can be on is ___one minute_______.

· Where does a tourniquet need to be applied? three to four inches above the needle insertion
point

· Anemia versus polycythemia- Polycythemia is a disorder of excess red cells in blood. It is the
opposite of anemia, which is a red cell deficit.
· Where is an infant stuck at? Heel stick with a lancet

· EMLA- an effective local anesthetic