Module 2

CONIC
SECTIONS
CONIC SECTION:
PARABOLA
CONIC SECTION: PARABOLA
It is a set of all coplanar points that are
equidistant from a fixed line
(directrix) and a fixed point (focus)
not on the fixed line
Axis of Symmetry-
line perpendicular to
the directrix and
passing through the
focus
Latus Rectum-
chord that passes
through the focus
and perpendicular to
the axis of symmetry
Vertex-
point on the parabola
that is midway between
the latus rectum and the
directrix
Notes:
* The parabola always bends towards the focus and away from
the directrix, and the distance from the focus to the directrix is 2p.
(p is the distance from vertex to focus).
*The vertex is the midpoint of the segment joining the focus and
the directrix.
Parabola in standard position
-vertex is at the origin and its principal axis

is one of the coordinate axes
If p < 0, opens downward

If p > 0, opens upward
Find the coordinates of the focus and the equation of the
directrix for each parabola.
1.
Solution: The given equation of the parabola is in the
form y2 = 4px where 4p = 28 and p = 7.
Focus: (p,0) = (7,0)
Directrix: x = -p x = -7
Vertex: Origin (0,0)
Opening: Opens to the right since p > 0
Find the coordinates of the focus and the equation of the
directrix for each parabola.
2.
Solution: The given equation of the parabola is in the
form x2 = 4py where 4p = 1 and p = 1/4.
Focus: (p,0) = (1/4,0)
Directrix: x = -p x = -1/4
Vertex: Origin (0,0)
Opening: Opens upward since p > 0
3.Write the equation of the parabola with vertex at the
origin and the focus has coordinates (5,0).
A parabola with focus (5,0) has an
equation of y2  4 px with p = 5. Thus,
the equation of the parabola is
y 2  45x
y2  4 px 
y 2  20 x
4. Write the equation of the parabola with vertex at the
origin and the length of the directrix is x-3=0.
Solution: A parabola with directrix x – 3 = 0
and vertex at the origin has an equation of
the form y 2 = 4px with p = -3. Thus, the
equation of the parabola is
y 2
 4 3x
y = 4px
2
y 2  12 x
5. Write the equation of the parabola with vertex at the origin and
the length of the latus rectum is 6 and opens upward.
Solution: A parabola that open upward with
vertex at the origin has an equation of the form
x 2 = 4py. The length of the latus rectum is 6,
thus 4p = 6 and p  3 . Thus, the equation of the
2
parabola is
3
x 2  4  y
x2 = 4py 2
x2  6y
Solution: A parabola that opens downward with vertex at the
origin has an equation of the form x 2 = 4py. The parabola
6. Write the equation contains the point (2, -6). By substituting x = 2 and y = -6 to
the equation x2 = 4py, we have
of the parabola with x 2  4 py
vertex at the origin 22  4 p 6
4  24 p
and contains the point 1
p
(2,-6) and opens 6
Thus, the equation of the parabola is x2 = 4py,
downward.  1
x 2  4   y
 6
2
x2   y
3
If p < 0, opens downward

If p > 0, opens upward
GENERAL FORM:
7. Write the equation of the parabola in general form with vertex at
(-2,3) and focus at (-4,3).
Solution: Since the vertex and the focus are both By substitution,
on the axis of symmetry, and their y-coordinates  y  32  4 2x  2
are the same, the axis of symmetry is on the line y  y  32  8x  2
= 3. The focus is located to the left of the vertex; This is the standard equation of the parabola given the
therefore, the parabola opens to the left. The conditions. By manipulating algebraically the equation
vertex (2, -3) suggests that h = 2 and k = -3. The y  32  8x  2, its equivalent general form is
focus (4, -3) implies that -4 = h + p and in the
 y  32  8x  2
vertex h = 2, substituting, then p = -2. The
y 2  6 y  9  8 x  16
equation of the parabola is of the form
y 2  6 y  8 x  9  16  0
y  k 2  4 px  h .
y 2  6 y  8 x  25  0
8. Write the equation of the parabola in general form with vertex
(3,-5) at and the directrix is y=-8.
Solution: Since the directrix is a line parallel to the x-axis, By substituting, h = 3, k = -5, and p = 3 in the equation, the
the parabola opens upward. The distance of the directrix standard equation of the parabola is
y = -8 to the vertex is p, and p  5   8 units. x  h 
2
 4 p y  k 
p3  x  32  43 y  5
The distance of the vertex to the focus is p units. This  x  32  12 y  5 .
means that the vertex is also 3 units away from the focus. Its general form is,
Therefore, the coordinates of the focus are
x  32  12 5
3,5  p 
x 2  6 x  9  12 y  60
3,5  3.
x 2  6 x  12 y  9  60  0
3,2 
The equation of the parabola is of the formx  h  4py  k
2
x 2  6 x  12 y  51  0 .
Graph of no. 7 example: Graph of no. 8 example:
9. Write the equation of the parabola in general form that passes through the
point (3,-5) and its vertex is at (1,1) with a vertical axis of symmetry.
10. Express in standard form. Then,
give the coordinates of the vertex, focus, equation of the
directrix, and the endpoints of the latus rectum.
11. Express in standard form. Then, give the
coordinates of the vertex, focus, equation of the directrix, and the
endpoints of the latus rectum.
CONIC SECTION:
ELLIPSE
CONIC SECTION: ELLIPSE
It is a set of all coplanar points such
that the sum of its distances from two
fixed points (foci) is constant.
Major Axis-
axis that runs through
the longer part of the
ellipse
vertices- endpoints
Minor Axis-
axis that runs through
the shorter part of the
ellipse
covertices- endpoints
Center-
intersection of
the two axes
Latus Rectum-
segment passing
through a focus of the
ellipse that is
perpendicular to the
major axis
Directrix-
line outside the ellipse
that is parallel to the
minor axis
1. Find the coordinates of the foci and vertices, the endpoints of the major axis,
minor axis, and the latus rectum of the ellipse .
2 2
Solution: The given equation is of the form x  y  1 ,
2 2
b a
where a = 36 = �, b = 20 = � �, and c = 36 − 20 =
16 = �.
Vertices: (�, ± �)
Foci: (�, ± �)
Endpoints of the major axis: (�, ± �)
Endpoints of the minor axis: (±� �, �)
Endpoints of the latus rectum:  10   10 
  , 4  ,   , 4 
 3   3 
2. Find the coordinates of the foci and vertices, the endpoints of the major axis,
minor axis, and the latus rectum of the ellipse .
Solution: First, reduce 2
the given
2
equation in standard Vertices: (±4,0)
form. 9 x  16 y  144  0
Foci: (±7,0)
9 x 2  16 y 2  144 Endpoints of the major axis: (±4,0)
9 x 2 16 y 2 144 Endpoints of the minor axis: 0, (±3)
 
144 144 144 Endpoints of the latus rectum:  9  9
x2 y2   7 ,  ,  7 , 
 1  4  4
16 9
The standard equation is of the form, x  y  1 where
2 2
2 2
a b
a = 16 = 4 , b = 9 = 3, and c = 16 − 9 = 7.
3. Write the standard equation of the ellipse with center at the origin with vertex
at (5,0) and the foci have coordinates (4,0) and (-4,0).
4. Write the standard equation of the ellipse with center at the origin with
vertices at (0,5) and (0,-5) and the length of the latus rectum is 8/5.
GENERAL FORM:
where
5. Write the equation of the ellipse in standard form with center at(7,-2), a vertex
at (2,-2) and an endpoint of a minor axis at (7,-6).
Solution: The center (h, k) = (7, -2) is midway between the vertices. The distance
between the vertex and the center is 7  2  5 , hence a = 5. The distance between the
endpoint of the minor axis and the center b = 4. If a = 5 and b = 4, then,
c  2516  3. The center and a vertex are both contained on the major axis. Since
they have the same y-coordinate, the major axis is horizontal. Therefore, the
equation of the ellipse is of the form x  h   y  k   1 .
2 2
. a2 b2
By substitution, the equation of the ellipse is, x  7   y  2  1 .
2 2
25 16
6. Write the equation of the ellipse in standard form with vertices at (-2, -2)
and (-2, 8) and the length of the minor axis is 6.
7. Express x2 + 2y2 – 2x + 8y – 11 = 0 in standard form. Determine
center, foci, the equation and the length of the major axis, the minor
axis, and the latus rectum. Solution: Express the equation in standard form by completing
the square. x 2  2 y 2  2 x  8 y  11  0
x 2
  
 2 x  2 y 2  8 y  11
x 2
 2 x   2  y  4 y   11
2
x 2
 2 x  1   2  y  4 y  4   11  1  2  4 
2
 x  1 2  2  y  2  2  20
 x  1 2  2  y  2  2  20
20 20 20
 x  1   y  2   1
2 2
20 10
The center (h, k) is at (1, -2). If a = 20 = 2 5 and b = 10, then,
c = 20 − 10 = 10. Since a > b, the major axis is horizontal.
Center: (1, -2)
Foci: (1± 10, − 2)
Equation of the major axis: y = -2
Length of the major axis: 4 5
Equation of the minor axis: x = 1
Length of the minor axis: 2 10
Equation of the latus rectum:
x  1 10
Latus Rectum: 2 5
8. Express in standard form. Determine
center, foci, the equation and the length of the major axis, the minor
axis, and the latus rectum.
ie !
P
SALAMATH
SA
PAKIKINIG!

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CONIC

-vertex is at the origin and its principal axis

If p < 0, opens downward

If p < 0, opens downward

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