FIRST AID NOTES

Emergency Care I
PKIN 0750 0.0

Instructor: David Ferguson

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 FIRST AID NOTES

Objectives ~ Why are you here?

~ Learning vs Certification

~ Learning / Enjoyment / Friends / Teaching / Certification / ___

Expectations ~ Participation & Sharing > How?

~ Comfortable > Food & Drink / Breaks /

~ Washrooms

~ 1 Talk Rule

~?'S

Contact: David Ferguson < dovetailf@sympatico.ca >

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 FIRST AID NOTES

Definition ~ 3 P'S

~ Preserve

~ Prevent

~ Promote

1st Aid vs EMS

~

NB ~ Medication - We May Not Administer*

(*Permission / Practice / Protocols)

(Training)

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 FIRST AID NOTES

Casualty Assessment >

>

>

>

EMS Entry (NB Cells vs Land Lines)

~ 911 > Follow The Operators Instructions -?'S

(EMS # / W - 5)

I.C.E. Form (Assignment – see handouts)

Side 1 >
>

Side 2 >

(NB – ICE / blood types / medical needs / etc.)

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 FIRST AID NOTES
Resources (You are #1)

~ 1st Aid Kit >

>

>

> Container -

> NB Inventory / Safety Checks

Bystanders / People (Techs Vs Grunts - KB) Brains - Training

~ Instructions > KISS* (*Keep It Simple & Straight Forward)

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 FIRST AID - CPR NOTES

Healthy Heart Living

Non - Modifiable Modifiable

Age ~ Pump X 31.5 Million times per year Smoking #1 w a Bullet

(based on 60beats / minute)
~ More Addictive & Kills More
~ Wears out ! Than Heroin

~ Your Heart has beat .... ? ~ Reduce Use / Stop (NB Quit!)

Sex ~ More Than until Menopause Diet / Cholesterol ~ What Can We Eat?

NB Estrogens / Lifestyles (Chocolate / Wine / Some Nuts / ......

~ Super Size Me! / Trans Fats +

~ Everything in Moderation,
Including

Moderation!

Family History / Heredity Genetics Activity / Fitness Do Something!

~ We Are The Heirs Of Our Fore Fathers ~ 3 x’s per Week For 20 min @ 180 -
age + 10

~ 25% Chance (NB David – Diabetes ~ More is better

/ Strokes)
~ Everything Counts!

Diabetes * Blood Pressure Disease

~ Hard on all Circulation Functions ~ Precursor to Heart Disease

~ NB Velva ~ Take Meds / (Salt& Exercise)

Stress ~ Everything has Stress

~ LDL’s vs HDL’s

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 FIRST AID - CPR NOTES

Anatomy: Anatomy / How it works / Causes of heart failure / CPR

Signs & Symptoms: Heart Attack: 25% silent / pain + / pale / clammy / nausea + /

fear / denial / 2 min + / constant indigestion

Cardiac Arrest: Not Breathing (Lay Rescuer)

No Signs of Life / Pulseless (HCP)

Actions For Survival: Heart Attack: 1) Recognize & React

2) Stop & Drop

3) ?’s > history

> medication

4) EMS / 911 (Amb +)

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5) Monitor / Treat for shock (CPR?)

Cardiac Arrest: CPR / EMS

Primary Assessment: A A A -- A B C

A rea - Awake - Ambulance - Airway - Breathing Assessment - Circulation

Assessment / CPR (NB – Anoxic / Hypoxic Breaths 1st)

Skills: ~ 1 & 2 PERSON ADULT / CHILD CPR + OBSTRUCTED PROCEDURES

~ INFANT CPR + OBSTRUCTED PROCEDURES

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 FIRST AID - CPR NOTES
SKILL ADULT CHILD INFANT________
(10 yr+ - 40 kilos+) (1 - puberty) (0 – 1 yr)
____________________________________________________________________________
EMS call 1st call fast (1 Min CPR 1st) call fast

__________________________________________________________________

Artificial every 5 sec every 3+ sec every 3 sec

Respiration (10 - 12 / min) (20 / min) (NB - puffs)

(HCP Level) 1 sec / breath 1 sec / breath 1 sec / breath
__________________________________________________________________
Compressions 5+cm / 2+" depth 5+cm / 2+" 1/3 chest depth / 2+"
(1/3 chest depth) hand over hand, heal of one hand 2 fingertips
(NB NO heal of the bottom between the one half a finger
width
‘Camping’) hand between the nipples below the nipple line
nipples (NB vertical)
(centre of the heel of the hand on the line between the nipples on the sternum)
___________________________________________________________________
CPR (one cycle) 30 comp : 2 br 30 comp : 2br 30 comp : 2br
Rate 30 comp = 18+ sec 30 comp = 18+ sec 30 comp = 18+ sec
2 minutes 30 : 2 ~ 5 cycles 30 : 2 ~ 5 cycles 30 : 2 ~ 5 cycles
HCP – 2 person 30 : 2 15 : 2 15 : 2
HCP Pulse check every few minutes - Change Every 5 Cycles (if 2nd rescuer is available)

___________________________________________________________________
Do Not Start CPR: - When There Is Signs Of Life / A Pulse
- When Death Is From Natural Causes (Old Age, DNR, Living Will, Etc.)
- When The Body Has Been Deceased For A Long Time
- When It Would Endanger The Rescuer’s Life To Do So

Stop CPR: - Signs Of Life Occur / A Pulse Is Found / EMS Takes Over
- A Trained Individual Relieves You / You Are Totally Exhausted

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 FIRST AID – CPR NOTES

Primary Assessment A A A - A B C (D)

1 A rea ~ Safety / Bystanders / Clues (breathe)

2 A wake (10sec) ~ Attempt to Wake the Casualty (5 + 5)

3 A mbulance ~ Call > Now (Ch / Infant If – Alone – Call Fast)

(Unconscious / Injured = Ambulance)

4 A irway > Open ~ Head Tilt- Chin Lift ()

5 B reathing Assessment~ Look / Listen / Feel (10sec)

(Look At The Chest Listen & Feel For Air)
(If Not Breathing - Lay Rescuers - Go To Step # 6 / HCP –> # 7)

6 CPR (Lay Rescuers) - Initiate CPR > 30 Compressions: 2 Breaths

7 C irculation > HCP - Check Carotid Pulse - Head Tilt > Near Side
> Look For Signs Of Life < (10 Sec)

- HCP – If not breathing but has a pulse – Step # 8

8 B reaths X 2 > HCP - Adults > 5 Sec / Child & Infant > 3 Sec
(if not breathing)

9 CPR & Defibrillation - Initiate CPR > 30 Compressions : 2 Breaths

10 Defibrillation / AED - Attach pads and follow instructions

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 FIRST AID - CPR NOTES

Two Person CPR - HCP

RESCUER 1 (Original Rescuer) RESCUER 2 (Unknown by rescuer 1)

1) Performing 1 person CPR

2) “Has an Ambulance been called?”

"I know 2 person CPR, may I help you"

3) Respond "Check pulse”

4) Stops CPR Checks for a ‘natural’ pulse for 10 seconds

and says: "No pulse, begin CPR"

5) Resumes compressions

(30 compressions and pause) Gives 2 breath after each 30th compression
(Child / Infant / 15 compression) (Gives 2 breath after each 15th compression)

(Change is recommended after every 5 cycles of 30:2)

6) *Says "Change ….." while rescuer 2 Gives 2 breaths, move to the chest and landmark
gives breaths and moves to the
victims head

7) Does a 10 second pulse and says

"No pulse, resume compressions" Resumes compressions

 Alternatives: - “Switch” / "That is 5 cycles, lets change” / “I’m tired let’s change”

Please Note: Two + rescuers arriving together would assume the 2 rescuer roles. One at the
head, (initial breather) would do the Primary Assessment and after the pulse
check would say “No pulse, begin compressions”. The other rescuer would
start compressions. (NB Ensure the ambulance has been called.)

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 FIRST AID - CPR NOTES

Two Person CPR – Lay Rescuer

Rescuer 1 (Original Rescuer) Rescuer 2 (Unknown by rescuer 1)

1) Performing 1 person CPR

2) "I know 2 person CPR, may I help you"

and asks “Has the ambulance been called?”

3) Responds "Yes, take over compressions”

4) Stops CPR – Moves to head Moves to chest, landmarks and prepares to

start compressions saying "Beginning CPR"

(30 compressions and pause) Gives 2 breath after each 30th compression
(Child / Infant / 15 compression) (Gives 2 breath after each 15th compression)

(Change is recommended after every 5 cycles of 30:2)

7) *Says "Change” (while rescuer 2 gives

breaths)

and moves to the victims head

8) Gives 2 breaths, moves to the chest,

landmarks and starts compressions

There are many alternatives:

 Alternatives: - “Switch” / "That is 5 cycles, lets change” / “I’m tired let’s change”

Please Note: Two + rescuers arriving together would assume the 2 rescuer roles. (Head &
Chest) The one at the head would do the Primary Assessment and after the 2
breaths would say “Begin compressions”. The other rescuer would start
compressions. (NB Ensure the ambulance has been called.)

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 FIRST AID - CPR NOTES

OBSTRUCTED RESCUE (WITNESSED)

CONSCIOUS:

1 ASSESS ~ Ask: "Are you choking?"

"I'm trained, I'm going to help you")

2 5 Back Blows ~ Between the shoulder blades

3 5 ABDOMINAL THRUSTS ~ Approx. 2.5cm/1" above the navel

(Chest compressions if pregnant or obese)

3 REPEAT UNTIL CLEAR ~ Recheck landmark as required

BECOMES UNCONSCIOUS:

4 AMBULANCE / AED ~ Partner / bystander call or call now if alone

(For Child / Infant if alone do 1 min. CPR first)

5 CPR COMPRESSIONS x 30 ~ Adults / Children / infants

6 AIRWAY - Open (10 sec) ~ Head-tilt / chin - lift

~ Look / Breathe / Reposition / Breathe

7 REPEAT STEP 6 UNTIL AIR GOES IN (Assess Consciousness / Breathing / pulse)

8 NOT BREATHING – A.R. > NO PULSE - COMMENCE CPR

(If AED Arrives – Connect Pads And Follow Instructions with obstructed Procedure)

UNCONSCIOUS OBSTRUCTED RESCUE (UNWITNESSED)

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1 AREA ~ Ensure personal safety / bystanders / 'clues'

2 Awake & ~ Attempt to Wake the Casualty & Check for

Breathing
Check Breathing ~ Check Breathing (chest – Air - skin – Etc.)

3 AMBULANCE ~ Partner / bystander call or go now (if alone)

(For Child / Infant - if alone do 1 min. CPR first)

4 CIRCULATION CHECK (HCP) ~ Carotid pulse check (7 - 10 sec)

5 CPR (Chest Compressions 1st) ~ 30 (Adults - children & infants)

6 BREATHS x 2 (1 sec each) ~ Allow deflation between Breaths

IF BLOCKED //

8 REPOSITION & GIVE A BREATH ~ Tip the head (forward & back) & breathe

9 CPR COMPRESSIONS x 30 ~ Adults / Children / infants

~ Open - Head - tilt / chin – lift

~ Look / breathe / reposition / breathe

(If seen, retrieve the object)

10 REPEAT 9 UNTIL AIR GOES IN ~ Then Assess Consciousness & Breathing

11 RESCUE BREATHING OR CPR AS REQUIRED

(If AED Arrives – Connect Pads And Follow Instructions with obstructed Procedure)

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FIRST AID NOTES

Priorities > The Order Of Treatment (To Preserve Life)

NB >VSA / Major Bleed / Spinal

Breathing P A (A A A - A B C D)
& Circulation ~

Bleeding External > Look - Touch - Feel

~
(NB Infection)

Internal > Look - Touch - Feel

~ *

*(Treat ____________ / Treat ____________ / Monitor ____________)

FIRST AID NOTES

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Brains Wake & Shout /? 'S / Look - Touch - Feel
(Level Of Consc) (Alert To Stupor To Coma)

/ __________

?’s >W5 (Pick Up Lines)

> (S )&S
>A

?'s } >M *
} ~ Amb / Rest / Stabilize

>P
>L
>E

BODY (Specific Emergencies To Follow)

BONES NB > Sprain / Dislocation *

> Look - Touch - Feel
~

*
(NB > Head / Spine / Pelvis / Femur)

FIRST AID NOTES

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Shock
Define
Blood Pools In Legs & Lower Body / Possible Brain Death - No Blood / O2

Causes Trauma / Bleeding / Infection / Etc.

Signs & Symptoms

S /S /S

E * (Not Rx)

R &R >

Ambulance / NPO – Nils Per Os (Nothing By Mouth)

(NB STRAW ~ Supine / Semi Prone / Semi Sit – Treat – Rest & Reassure – Airway - Warm -)

FIRST AID NOTES

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Wound Types ~ Bandaging (Pressure & Bandage to Stop & Allow Clotting)

~ Abrasion >

~ Amputation >

~ Avulsion >

~ Incision >

~ Laceration >

~ Imbedded >

~ Puncture >

~ Sucking Chest Wound >

(Band aids / Gauze Covers / Pads / Triangulars / Tape / Pads / Towels / +)

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 FIRST AID NOTES

Splints NB Sprains & Dislocations

~ When And When Not > (Time & Distance)

~ How >

>

>

~ Femur > Arm Pit To Ankle NB Ambulance Required

Slings NB

> Triangulars / What Nature Provides

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
Asthma ~ Define ~
~
~
~
(I.e. / / )
~ Ambulance

Burns Heat / Chemical / Electrical / Radiation

1st (Red) ~
~
~

2nd (Blisters) ~
~
~

3rd (Char - Black / White) ~

~
~
~

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
Diabetes Teeter / Totter

Diabetic Coma (Needs Insulin)

~
~

(We May Not Inject)

(NB Ask – Glucometer?)

Insulin Shock (Needs Sugar)

(NB Ask - Glucometer?)

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES

Facial
Ears (Broken Ear Drum / Imbedded Object)
~

Eyes Something In (Be Gentle) ~

Out Of Socket ~

(NB Disorientation / Danger) ~

Nose Bleeding (A Little Blood Goes A Long Way!)

~
~
~
~

Teeth Broken / out ~

~

(NB Head Injury)

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
Head Injury ~ Compression / Concussion NB > Spinal
> Look - Touch - Feel
(Pt Of Injury - Blood / Deformity / ~ Ambulance / Hospital
Pain / Consc I / Nausea - Vomit / ~
Unequal Eyes Reaction / ~
Blood & Or Fluid In Ears – Nose ~
Bell Rung / Behaviour? / ~ Checks
Vision Change / Memory Loss / (#’s / Memory / Verbal / Eyes /
Disoriented / Dizzy / Semi Conscious Glasgow Coma Scale / +)
Consciousness ~
Tingling in / Numb Limbs / Paralysis / __ ~

Heart Attack ~ vs Cardiac Arrest

Actions For Survival
Pain > Chest / Arms / Jaw / Legs ~
Air Hunger / Nausea / Vomit / Fear ~
Weakness / Denial / 2min + / ~ Ask: A)
Constant Indigestion B)
~
~
~

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
Hyperthermia ~ Raising Of The Body's Core Temperature
Heat Cramps
~
~

Heat Exhaust
~
~
~
~

Heat Stroke
~
~

Sun Smart (Melanoma – Define > Skin Cancer - Eagle Eraser / NB - Lynn)
Hat > Full Brim / But 'Breathes' / Neck & Ears

Glasses > 100% UVA & UVB Nb Reflection

> $ vs Value Of Eyes (Glaucoma / Cataracts)
> NB ~ Cheap Dark Glasses Just Let In More UVA / B

Sun Screen > Min 15 To 30 + SPF

> Sweats & Washes Off (Not Water Proof)
> If Burning w 15, Need To Go To Higher #

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
Hypothermia Lowering Of The Body's Core Temp
Time Line Prevention
> ~
~
> ~

> * Treat
~
> ** ~

> ** ~
~
> ** ~ Hospital* - Ambulance**

> **

Nb > Often No Brain Damage Due To Cold

Frost Nip / Frost Bite / Frozen

> ~
> ~
> ~

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES

Hyperventilation
> ~
~
~
(*How?)

> Nb ~ Co2 / Medulla Oblongata NB ~ Plastic Bags Kill

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES

Poison Poison Control - 800 268 9017 *** Personal Safety

- 416 813 – 5900 (@ TO Sick Kids Hospital)

Contact ( )
( )

> ~
~
(Flush & wash w Cool H2O)
~
Nb Jewellery / Sample

Inhaled (Exhaust / Smoke / Fumes / Etc)

> ~
~
~
~
~

(Notify Hospital # Incoming / Unconscious / #’s / etc)

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
Injected (Bites / Stings / Needles / _____)
Bites – Animals Vs Humans (Rabies)
Snakes – Poisonous? (Non-Poisonous)
Insects – Bees / Wasps / Spiders* / Mosquitoes / Flies / +

> Bites ~
~
~
~

> Snakes (Massassuaga) ~

~
~
~

> Stings (Honey - Bumble vs Wasp & Hornet / Spiders / Etc)

~
~
~
(Benadryl)

> Needles - Disease Transmission / Sharps Awareness

(Hatch Corp.com – Gloves)

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
Ingested (Corrosive Vs Non Corrosive)
Vomit? / Time + / Burns / Sample / Note Times

> Non Corrosive(If Unsure Treat As Corrosive)

~
~
~

> Corrosive (Leave Down)

~
~

(Follow Up w EMS If ____________________)

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
Anaphylactic Allergic Reaction / Severe To Minor
Shock (Nb ~ Minor Can Become Major)

Allergies / Foods - Nuts / Chocolate / Citrus / Sea Food /

Insects - Stings / Medications / + + + + +

> ~
~
> ~

>

>

>

H I V E S /S

(NB Epi Pen Awareness And Use Of In An Emergency)

FIRST AID NOTES

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 SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
Seizures (Absence To Tonic Clonic – Petite & Grande Mal)

> Causes: Lights / Video Games / Strobes / Stress / + + + + + +

> Warnings: Colours / Smells / Feelings Of ________ / + + + + + +

Absence
~

Tonic Clonic
~
~
~
~
~

(Nb Dangerous Activities: Driving / Riding / Swimming / Bathing / Cooking / ____)

NB H20 Rescues

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
Sprain / Strain S(train) - Muscle / Sprain – Joint

~ Nb Break?

> ~

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
Stroke Reduced Circulation To Brain - Blockage or Aneurism

>

>

> ~

> ~

> ~

>

> S.A.S.S. Test (NB – F.A.S.T.)

S
A
S
S

> NB TIA's (Transient Ischemic Attacks)

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
(Red Cross only)
Childbirth (Mothers / Since Time Began / 98+% Are Natural & Okay)

(1. Labour & Dilation Of The Cervix2. Birth 3. Placenta Expelled)

Timeline: Care: (Fathers?)
(NB Listen To The Mother)
> Time / Semester / ______ ~ Assist / Cleanliness / Privacy
> Contractions – Time Between ~ Woman - Woman 70%
(Contractions – 2 Min Or Less) ~ Come Fast - Be Ready c Towel
> Water ‘Breaks’ ~ Clean Mouth, Nose: Breathing
> Head & Shoulders 1st ~ Do Not Cut Cord
> Face Up Or Down ~ Wrap / On Mum's Tummy
Facing Away From Her
~ Keep All After Birth /

~ Stabilize Mom & Baby

~ 'Pack' Vaginal Area

*
> Complications: ~ Cord – Neck / Breathing / Bleeding / Dry / ( Me conium) /
Braxton – Hicks (False Labour)

Miscarriage (Loss Of Blood And / Or Tissue)

> Bleeding / Abdomen Cramps ~ Ambulance / Stabilize

> Backache / Contractions ~ Supine / Semi Sit / Semi Prone

~ (On Left Side Or w Pad Under
Right Side) / Keep Tissue Etc

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
(NLS - only)

Scuba Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus

> Compressed Air / Tanks Are 'Bombs' ~ Handle w Care

> Diving - 32 / 33 Feet = 1 Atmosphere ~ Body c Feet Raised

> Bubbles In Blood Stream = 1/2 Size ~ Stabilize / EMS

For Each Atmosphere Down
~ Decompression Chamber
> Come Up Too Fast

> Too Long Down / Out Of Air / Etc

> Embolism / etc

> Diving Safety:

Oxygen > Heart Attack / Breathing Difficulties

> Training / Many Types Of Delivery
> Nb ~ SOS (Stewart O2 Services)
> No A Drug Any More

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
Cross > There Have Always Been Diseases - History
Contamination

> PPE Gloves / Masks / Shields / hand cleaners / BVMs / + + + +

> Fear & Misinformation

> Covid / Ebola /Hep B / Meningitis / Encephalitis / HIV /

 ------- & all inbetween -------  / Colds

> Common Sense / Education / ________

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
Notes:

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 FIRST AID NOTES
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES
Notes:

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