Chapter IV CTSP

CHAPTER IV
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
This chapter present the construction project management details and project
schedule. It discusses component of a project management such as constructions
management and strategy, persons involved, scheduling, CPM diagram and Gantt chart
of the proposed system.
Persons Involved
These are the persons involve in the development of the proposed project design
from planning and initiation to project closing.
Architects
Architect read plans, designs, and reviews the construction of buildings.
To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design
of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings. (Prospect,
2017)
 Licensed
 Excellent IT skills, including computer-aided design skills.
 Good design and drawing skills.
 Sound analytical skills, accuracy, and attention to detail.

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon,
Libjo Batangas City
Chapter IV: Project Management
Advincula DC. E., Babao S. G., Lascano EJ. D.
45
Engineer
Engineer create plans, designs and oversee construction and
maintenance of building structures and infrastructure and construction and
operation of hygienic projects such as waterworks, sewage, garbage and trash
disposal plants, and drainage systems. (Career Planner, 2017)
 Licensed
 Prepares engineering design by collecting and studying reports,
maps, drawings, blueprints, aerial photographs and tests on soil
composition, terrain, hydrological characteristics, and related
topographical and geologic data.
 Determines project costs by calculating labor, material, and related
costs.
 Prepares engineering documents by developing construction
specifications, plans, and schedules.
Laborer
Construction laborers and helpers typically do the following: Clean and
prepare construction sites by removing debris and possible hazards. Load or
unload building materials to be used in construction. Build or take apart bracing,
scaffolding, and temporary structures. (Career Planner, 2017)
 Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers,
and masons.
 Clean and prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.

Libjo Batangas City
46
 Provide assistance for all the activity in the project.
Electrician
Install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures.
Ensure that work is in accordance with relevant codes. (Career Planner, 2017)
 Diagnose malfunctioning systems, apparatus, and components, using
test equipment and hand tools, to locate the cause of a breakdown
and correct the problem.
 Maintain current electrician's license or identification card to meet
governmental regulations
 Plan layout and installation of electrical wiring, equipment and fixtures,
based on job specifications and local codes.
 Connect wires to circuit breakers, transformers, or other components.
Carpenter
Carpenters construct and repair building frameworks and structures such
as stairways, doorframes, partitions, and rafters made from wood and other
materials. They also may install kitchen cabinets, siding, and drywall. (Career
Planner, 2017)
 Skilled
 Follow established safety rules and regulations and maintain a
safe and clean environment.
 Maintain records, document actions and present written progress
reports.
Libjo Batangas City
47
 Prepare cost estimates for clients or employers.
Plumber
Plumbers installs, maintains, and repairs pipes and fixtures associated
with heating, cooling, water distribution, and sanitation systems in residential and
commercial structures. (Career Planning, 2017)
 Interprets blueprints and building specifications to map layout for
pipes, drainage systems, and other plumbing materials.
 Collaborates with contractors, construction workers, electricians,
pipefitters, and steamfitters in installing and repairing plumbing.
 Modifies length of pipes, fixtures, and other plumbing materials as
needed for a building.
Painters
Painters apply paint, wallpaper and additional finishes to inside and
outside surfaces of buildings and other areas. They utilize pre-coating agents,
filling and levelling materials, and mix and match colors and textures. (Career
Planner, 2017)
 Read blueprints and drawings of the premise for the execution of
painting job.
 Examine and maintain painted exterior and interior painted
surfaces, trimming and fixtures.
 Prepare surfaces and apply paints, stains, shading stains, and
clear finishes.
Libjo Batangas City
48
 Inspect and refurbish wall surfaces by means of the appropriate
materials.
Phases of Construction
Initiation and Planning
This phase is often broken into two: one for initiation and one for
planning. The former entails budget outlines, the timeline needed for project
delivery, as well as the overall goal of the project. The phase is essentially about
laying out the project's mission. It is a formalization of the project's core idea.
Execution
The execution phase is the real start of the project's implementation.
Strict budget management comes into play here, as the project has left the
planning phase and is now in full swing. Managers will want to be consistently
updated on the project's progress as they must have full knowledge of how the
project is coming off the ground. For this reason, project managers will constantly
communicate with their employees, receiving not only updates but also problems
that the project encounters. Project managers are also constantly in touch with
their clients at this stage, as during the execution phase investors are most
concerned about the project's development.

Libjo Batangas City
49
Project Monitoring and Control
This third stage often overlaps with the second stage. Specifically, project
monitoring and control involves managers making sure that task deadlines are
met and costs are within the allocated budgets.
Project Closing
The phase involves two elements. The first of these is making a report
that details how the project ran over the previous three phases. The report will
analyze the project's initial goals compared to its current state and identify any
problems encountered along the way and what steps were taken to address
these problems. The second element of this phase is the project review, which is
the project team meeting where team members can put in their own input
regarding the project's implementation.
Project Control
Project control is essential to the construction of the project because it manages
the cost and time intended for an activity of the proposed project.
Cost Control
The objective of cost control is to manage the delivery of the project within the
approved budget. Regular cost reporting will facilitate, at all times, the best possible
estimate of established project cost to date, anticipated final cost of the project, and
future cash flow. Cost control procedures are put to ensure that the project costs no
more than intended.

Libjo Batangas City
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Time Control
Time management is essential to time control. To become an effective time
manager, one should be able to clearly understand the activities of the project and is
have the necessary skill set to plan, schedule and control a project timeline. Four steps
that help with project time management are, define the activities, sequence of activities,
estimate activity resources, and develop and control schedule.
Construction Project Management
Construction project management involves the planning, coordination, and
control over the various tasks involved in construction projects. This could include
different types of construction projects, like agricultural, residential, commercial,
institutional, industrial, and heavy civil, and environmental. The functions of construction
project management typically include the following:
1. Specifying project objectives and plans including delineation of scope, budgeting,
scheduling, setting performance requirements, and selecting project participants.
2. Maximizing the resource efficiency through procurement of labor, materials and
equipment.
3. Implementing various operations through proper coordination and control of
planning, design, estimating, contracting and construction in the entire process.
4. Developing effective communications and mechanisms for resolving conflicts.

Libjo Batangas City
51
Risk Management Plan
Every construction project encounters different and unique circumstances, and
its success largely depends on the project manager’s ability to identify those situations
called risk factors. To manage risk factors, the project consultant shall provide guidelines
to ensure that the contractor can meet their daily work schedule. By doing this, cost
overruns and work slippages due to poor planning and monitoring of activities may be
avoided. Table 8 show the potential risk and mitigating measures of the proposed
project.
Table 7. Risk Management Plan
Risk Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measure Laws

Air Quality Dusts and increase in - Use tarpaulins to cover sand RA 8749 – Clean
concentration of vehicle- and other loose material when Air Act of the
related pollutants such as transported by trucks. Philippines
carbon monoxide, sulfur - Damp down exposed soil
oxides, particulate matter, and any stockpiled on site by
nitrous oxides and spraying with water when
hydrocarbons. necessary during dry weather.
Surface Run-off from stockpiled - Place storage areas for DENR
water quality materials and chemical fuels and lubricants away from Administrative
contamination from fuels any drainage leading to the Order No. 35 –
and lubricants during water bodies. Revised Effluent
construction works can - Dispose any waste Standards of the
contaminate downstream generated by construction Philippines
surface water. activities in designated sites.
Noise Level Increase in noise levels - Maintain maximum sound PD 1152 –
may be caused by levels not exceeding 80 Philippine
excavation equipment, and decibels. Environmental
the transportation of - Minimize noise from Code
equipment materials, and construction equipment.
people. PD 856 –
Sanitation code of
the Philippines
Landscape Construction works will - Avoid stockpiling of excess RA 9003 –
and also produce excess excavated soils. Ecological
Aesthetics construction materials, - Manage solid waste Solidwaste
empty containers, spoils, according to the following Management
oils, lubricants, and other preference hierarchy: reuse
similar items. recycling and disposal to
designated areas.
Accessibility physical impacts is often - Keep the site free from all PD 522
Libjo Batangas City
52
associated with excavation unnecessary obstructions. Prescribing

is the effect on drainage - Notify affected sensitive Sanitation
and the water table if receptors by providing sign Requirements for
ground water and surface boards informing nature and the operations of
water collect in the voids. duration of construction works establishments
and contact numbers for and facilities for
concerns/ complaints. the protection and
convenience of
travelling public
Occupational Workers need to be mindful - Develop and implement site- PD 856 –
Health and of the occupational hazard specific health and safety plan Sanitation code of
Safety which can arise from which will include measures the Philippines
working in height and such as excluding public from
excavation works. the site, ensuring all workers
are provided with and use
PPE, documentation of work-
related activities.
- Mark and provide sign
boards for hazardous areas
such as energized electrical
devices and lines, and areas
for storage and disposal.
- Provide health and safety
orientation training to all
workers to ensure that they
are apprised of the basic site
rules of work at the site,
personal protective protection,
and preventing injuring to
fellow workers.
Critical Path Method
The critical path itself represents the set or sequence of predecessor/successor
activities which will take the longest time to complete. The duration of the critical path is
the sum of the activities' durations along the path. Thus, the critical path can be defined
as the longest possible path through the "network" of project activities. The duration of
the critical path represents the minimum time required to complete a project. Any delays
along the critical path would imply that additional time would be required to complete the
project.
Libjo Batangas City
53
CPM Diagram and Gantt Chart (Design 1)
Table 8. Project Activities (Design 1)
Symbol Activity Duration Predecessor

(Days)
A Mobilization 1 -
B Layout of Plans in Construction Site 1 A
C Structure Excavation 3 B
D Rebar Cutting and Bending 2 B
E Septic tank Excavation 2 C
F Formworks Cutting 1 C
G Rebar Installation 1 D,E
H Formworks Installation 1 F,G
I Column footing, wall footing fill 3 H
J Masonry Works 4 I
K Roof truss cutting and assembly 1 G
L Plumbing Works 1 J
M Electrical Works 1 J
N Plaster Finish 4 M, L, O
O Roofing Installation 2 K, J
P Windows & Door Installation 1 N
Q Plumbing Fixture Installation 2 N
R Tiling Works 2 P, Q
S Painting Works 3 R
T Demobilization 1 S
Table 6 shows the activities in the construction of the proposed projects. It also
includes the duration of each activity. There are twenty (20) activities and scheduled to
be finish within 29 days.

Proposed Design of Communal Toilet and Septic System in Born Again Badjao Community, Sitio Callejon, Libjo Batangas City
54
A cpm diagram or pert chart is made with a lot of the same information that is used in critical path method, like earliest start
dates, earliest and latest finish dates, and slack (or float) between activities. In Figure 25 show the cpm diagram of the proposed
project the project has fourteen (14) critical path activity.
Figure 25. CPM Diagram (Design 1)
Table 9. Gantt Chart (Design 1)

55
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
Libjo Batangas City
56
Gantt chart is a series of horizontal lines shows the amount of work done or
production completed in certain periods of time in relation to the amount planned for
those periods. Table 9 show the Gantt chart of the proposed project, it has 20 different
activities and scheduled to be finish within 29 days.

Libjo Batangas City
57

(Days)
A Mobilization 1 -
G Gravel Bedding 1 E
H Rebar Installation 1 D,G
I Formworks Installation 1 F,H
J Column footing, wall footing fill 1 I
K Masonry Works 2 J
L Stripping 1 J
M Roof truss cutting and assembly 1 J
N Plumbing Works 1 K
O Electrical Works 1 N
P Backfilling 1 O
Q Roof Installation 1 M,P
R Plaster Finish 1 L,Q
S Windows & Door Installation 1 R
T Plumbing Fixture Installation 1 R
U Tiling Works 1 S,T
V Painting Works 1 U
W Demobilization 1 V
Table 10 shows the activities in the construction of the proposed projects. It also
includes the duration of each activity. There are twenty three (23) activities and
scheduled to be finish within 19 days.

58
. In Figure 26 show the cpm diagram of Design 2 that has twenty three (23) activity and nineteen (19) of those activity are
critical path scheduled to be finish in 19 days.

Libjo Batangas City
59
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 1 14 1 16 17 1 19
0 3 5 8
U
Libjo Batangas City
60
Table 11 show the Gantt chart of Design 2, it has twenty three (23) different

(Days)
A Mobilization 1 -
G Gravel Bedding 1 E
H Rebar Installation 2 D,G
I Formworks Installation 2 F,H
J Column footing, wall footing fill 3 I
K Masonry Works 4 J
L Stripping 1 J
M Roof truss cutting and assembly 2 J
N Plumbing Works 1 K
O Electrical Works 1 N
P Backfilling 1 O
Q Roof Installation 1 M,P
R Plaster Finish 3 L,Q
S Windows & Door Installation 1 R
T Plumbing Fixture Installation 1 R
U Tiling Works 1 S,T
V Painting Works 1 U
W Demobilization 1 V
Libjo Batangas City
61
Table 12 shows the activities in the construction of Design 3. It also includes the
duration of each activity. There are twenty three (23) activities and scheduled to be finish
within 34 days.
62
In Figure 27 show the cpm diagram of Design 3 that has twenty three (23) activity and nineteen (19) of those activity are
critical path scheduled to be finish in 30 days.

63
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
M
64
W
Libjo Batangas City
65
Table 13 show the Gantt chart of Design 3, it has twenty three (23) different
Criteria and Ranking of the Designs
Each of the design for the proposed project has its own advantage in different
aspect or criteria. In determining the best design, advantages of the designs in different
criteria must be weighed. The design which has more advantages will have a value of 5
and for the design with less advantage will have a value of 1 in each criterion. Table 14
show the ranking of the designs, based on the values given on Table 14 design 3 edges
the two designs in each criterion.
Table 14. Ranking of the Designs
Criteria Design 1 Design 2 Design 3
Environmental 5 3 4
Aspects
Materials and Cost 3 2 5
Estimates
Speed in 4 3 4
Constructions
Total 12 8 13
Rank 2 3 1
Libjo Batangas City
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Chapter IV CTSP

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CHAPTER IV

schedule. It discusses component of a project management such as constructions

of the proposed system.

from planning and initiation to project closing.

Architect read plans, designs, and reviews the construction of buildings.

To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design

 Excellent IT skills, including computer-aided design skills.

 Good design and drawing skills.

 Sound analytical skills, accuracy, and attention to detail.

Engineer create plans, designs and oversee construction and

maintenance of building structures and infrastructure and construction and

operation of hygienic projects such as waterworks, sewage, garbage and trash

disposal plants, and drainage systems. (Career Planner, 2017)

 Prepares engineering design by collecting and studying reports,

maps, drawings, blueprints, aerial photographs and tests on soil

composition, terrain, hydrological characteristics, and related

topographical and geologic data.

 Determines project costs by calculating labor, material, and related

 Prepares engineering documents by developing construction

specifications, plans, and schedules.

Construction laborers and helpers typically do the following: Clean and

prepare construction sites by removing debris and possible hazards. Load or

unload building materials to be used in construction. Build or take apart bracing,

scaffolding, and temporary structures. (Career Planner, 2017)

 Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers,

 Clean and prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.

 Provide assistance for all the activity in the project.

Install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures.

 Diagnose malfunctioning systems, apparatus, and components, using

test equipment and hand tools, to locate the cause of a breakdown

and correct the problem.

 Maintain current electrician's license or identification card to meet

 Plan layout and installation of electrical wiring, equipment and fixtures,

based on job specifications and local codes.

 Connect wires to circuit breakers, transformers, or other components.

Carpenters construct and repair building frameworks and structures such

 Follow established safety rules and regulations and maintain a

safe and clean environment.

 Maintain records, document actions and present written progress

 Prepare cost estimates for clients or employers.

Plumbers installs, maintains, and repairs pipes and fixtures associated

commercial structures. (Career Planning, 2017)

 Interprets blueprints and building specifications to map layout for

pipes, drainage systems, and other plumbing materials.

 Collaborates with contractors, construction workers, electricians,

pipefitters, and steamfitters in installing and repairing plumbing.

 Modifies length of pipes, fixtures, and other plumbing materials as

needed for a building.

Painters apply paint, wallpaper and additional finishes to inside and

 Read blueprints and drawings of the premise for the execution of

 Examine and maintain painted exterior and interior painted

surfaces, trimming and fixtures.

 Prepare surfaces and apply paints, stains, shading stains, and

 Inspect and refurbish wall surfaces by means of the appropriate

Initiation and Planning

The execution phase is the real start of the project's implementation.

concerned about the project's development.

Project Monitoring and Control

met and costs are within the allocated budgets.

regarding the project's implementation.

Project control is essential to the construction of the project because it manages

more than intended.

Time management is essential to time control. To become an effective time