Education

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1. alumnus 5. boarding
(plural) or school
alumni
(singular)

someone who was a student at a particular

school, college, or university
a private school where students are lodged and
2. assignment fed as well as taught
6. bursaries

a specified task or amount of work assigned or

undertaken as if assigned by authority
3. attendance

money given to pay for studies, usually provided

on the basis of need
7. campus

the number of people present at an event,

meeting, etc. the act of being present at a place;
a record of how often a person goes to classes,
meetings, etc.
4. bachelor's
(degree)
the area and buildings around a university,
college, school, etc.
8. certificate

a four-year university degree (meaning it

typically takes four years of full-time study to a qualification for short academic programs
complete)
9. compulsory 13. degree

relatively long academic programs covering

specific areas in great depth
14. department a section of a large organization such as a
required by a law or rule; having the power of government, business, university, etc.
forcing someone to do something
15. diploma
10. cost of
attendance

total amount it will cost you to go to school

(includes tuition and fees as well as personal
expenses).
a certificate of completion for high school,
11. curricula (or
often required by jobs and colleges to be hired
curriculum)
or accepted (it is lower than a degree)
16. discipline

the subjects comprising a course of study in a

school or college.
12. debate
a field of study and its methods

a discussion between people in which they

express different opinions about something
17. dissertation 20. essay

a long piece of writing about a particular a short piece of writing that tells a person's
subject that is done to earn an advanced thoughts or opinions about a subject
degree at a university
21. faculty
18. distance
learning (or
remote
learning)

the teaching staff of a university or college, or

of one of its departments or divisions
22. fellowships

with this type of learning, students engage

with learning materials at home or work (not
at school). These materials are produced by
the university, college or learning provider
and are either sent directly to the student or
more usually today accessed via the internet.
paid to students for work, such as teaching
19. entrance while studying for a Master's degree or
requirements conducting research while working towards a
Doctorate of Philosophy degree (Ph.D.).
23. full-time
(student )

standards to be passed in order to enter a

college or university. Colleges and
universities require certain classes in high
school and sometimes certain entrance exam
a student who is enrolled in 12 or more credit
scores to enter their school. These
hours in a semester
requirements vary depending on the
institution.
24. graduate 28. laboratory

a person who has a university degree

25. grants
a workplace for the conduct of scientific
research
29. literacy

a sum of money given by a certain organization,

especially the government, for a certain reason
or cause
the ability to read and write; knowledge that
26. higher
relates to a specified subject
Education
30. master's
(degree)

education, usually in a college or university, that

is followed after high school or secondary
school an advanced 2-year program completed after
attainment of a bachelor's degree.
27. Inquisitive
31. MOOC

Massive Open Online Course. Internet-based

tending to ask questions; having a desire to know
course containing lectures and other course
or learn more asking too many questions about
materials.
other people's lives
32. nursery school 37. pupil a person who is being taught, especially a child
/ kindergarten in a school
38. scholarship

a school for children between the ages of

about two and five (noun)
33. online
program (e-
learning)

a form of financial aid that does not need to be

repaid; usually awarded on the basis of
learning conducted via electronic media,
academic, athletic or other achievements
typically on the Internet.
39. secondary
34. part-time
Education
(student )

a student who is enrolled in less than 12

literally, the period after primary education
credit hours in a semester
(elementary or grade school) and before
35. peer tertiary education (college). It usually occurs
from about age 12 to 18.
40. semester one of the two periods that the school or
college year is divided into
41. seminar

a person who belongs to the same age

group or social group as someone else
36. postgraduate
A class or a conference held to discuss ideas
on a topic

a person who already holds a first degree

and who is doing advanced study or
research
42. standardized 47. to
tests demonstrate
academic
gains

tests that measure students' performance

compared to that of thousands of other to show academic progress/education
students achievement
43. thesis 48. to enroll (in
a degree
course)

to enter (someone) as a member of or

participant in something; to take (someone) as
a member or participant; to become a
a long piece of writing on a particular subject
member or participant
that is done to earn a degree at a university
49. to evaluate
44. To attend
(classes)

to determine or fix the value of something; to

To go to or be present at some event determine the significance, worth, or condition
of usually by careful appraisal and study
45. to broaden
horizons 50. to fall
behind (with
studies)

to enlarge / expand someone's scope

46. to deliver a
lecture
to lag behind

to carry out/conduct a lecture

51. to graduate (from 55. top-tier
a university) institutions

to earn a degree or diploma from a

school, college, or university leading or prestigious educational institutions
52. to keep up with 56. to
(your studies) research

to study (something) carefully; to collect

information about or for (something)
to go or make progress at the same rate 57. to review
as others
53. to major in a
subject

to look at or examine (something) carefully

especially before making a decision or
judgment; to study or look at (something) again;
to describe or show (a series of things or events
from the past)

to pursue an academic major 58. to revise

54. to procrastinate

to make changes especially to correct or

to put off intentionally the doing of
something that should be done
improve (something); to study (something) again
59. trimester / a period of three months; one of three periods
term into which a school year is sometimes divided
60. truant absent without permission; student who stays
away from school without leave or explanation
61. undergraduate

a student in a college or university who has not yet earned a bachelor's degree
62. workshop (training) A small group led by a facilitator or trainer
 Crime and Punishment
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1. abduction / 5. arson
kidnapping

taking away a person against that person's will Setting fire to property

2. accomplice 6. assassination

murder of a public figure, usually for political

reasons
7. assault

a person who helps another commit a crime

3. adverse
verdict

threat or attempt to injure

8. bail
negative verdict
4. antisocial
behavior

behavior that either damages interpersonal

relationships or is culturally undesirable

the temporary release of an accused person

awaiting trial, sometimes on condition that a
sum of money be lodged to guarantee their
appearance in court.
9. a ban 13. child abuse

physical or emotional mistreatment of a child

14. circumstances
of the crime

sometimes a jury can impose a ban which

means that you are prohibited from doing
something
10. blackmailing

conditions under which a crime was

committed
15. community
service
when someone tries to get money from you or
make you do what they want by threatening to
tell other people your secrets
11. bribery

It refers to refers to unpaid work beneficial

for the community. Sometimes a jury can
decide to send a guilty person to perform
this service
the practice of offering something (usually
money) in order to gain an illicit advantage 16. corporal
punishment
12. burglary

breaking and entering a building with the physical punishment

intention of committing a crime
17. a crackdown on 21. defendant
crime

a serious attempt to punish people for

committing crimes
18. a crime wave

the person in a trial who is accused of

committing a crime, or who is being sued
by another person
22. defense

a sudden increase in the amount of

crime in an area
19. cybercrime

the lawyer or lawyers whose job is to prove

in court that a person did not commit a
crime.
any criminal action perpetrated
23. driving under
primarily through the use of a computer,
the influence
such as hacking
(DUI)
20. death penalty
(also known as
'capital
punishment')

a legal offense of driving when your senses

and judgment are impaired by alcohol or
the legal punishment of death for a
other drugs
crime
24. drug
trafficking /
drug dealing

illegal production, transportation, sale, or

purchase of drugs
25. embezzlement 29. fingerprints

the act of stealing money that you are

responsible for or that belongs to your
employer
marks left by fingers that identify a person
26. evidence /
30. forgery /
proof
counterfeiting

making, altering, or possessing anything

false that is intentionally made to appear
the facts, signs or objects that make you true in order to deceive
believe that something is true
31. handcuffs
27. favorable
verdict

positive verdict
28. felony
a pair of metal rings joined by a chain, used
for holding the wrists of a prisoner together
32. hearing

a serious crime (murder, rape, etc.)

a meeting of a court of law (or official

organization) to find out the facts about
something
33. hijacking 38. judge

Taking a plane by force and holding the

passengers hostage the public official authorized to decide how
criminals should be punished or to make legal
34. hit-and-run decisions
39. judgement

an accident in which a car driver hits

someone and does not stop to help
a decision that is made by a judge in a court
35. hostage of law
40. jury

a group of members of the public in the court

someone held against his or her will in who listen to the facts of the case and decide
exchange for something whether or not somebody is guilty of a crime
36. illegal / illicit / something that is against the law 41. juvenile
unlawful delinquency
37. in the light of
evidence / in the
face of evidence

the habitual committing of criminal acts or

offenses by a young person, especially one
considering the evidence
below the age at which ordinary criminal
prosecution is possible
42. law-abiding 46. life of crime
(citizen)

obeying the law; not doing anything that the criminal way of living
law does not allow
47. malpractice
43. lawsuit

careless, wrong or illegal behaviour while in

a professional job
48. manslaughter
a legal action in which a person or group
sues to collect damages for some harm that
is done
44. lawyer /
attorney

to kill a person, accidentally or

unintentionally
49. misdemeanor
/ petty crime

a person whose job is to guide and assist

people in matters relating to the law
45. life
imprisonment

a crime that is not considered to be very

serious. (speeding, driving without a license)

the punishment of being put in prison until

death
50. mugging 54. penalty / fine

an amount of money an offender must

pay
stealing in a public place using physical
violence 55. pickpocketing
51. murder

stealing things from people's pockets or

bags
56. plaintiff

the intentional killing of another person

52. not a scrap
of evidence

a person who brings a case against

another in a court of law
57. police brutality

no evidence
53. organized unnecessary use of force by police
crime against citizens, resulting in injury
58. prison sentence /
custodial
sentence /
imprisonment

organized group of people commits crimes or

engages in criminal enterprises for profit

when someone is convicted and sent to

spend a specified period of time in
prison
59. probation 63. rape

a period of time in which a person who has

committed a crime is allowed to stay out of
prison if that person behaves well
60. the
prosecution forced sexual intercourse (against a person's
will)
64. robbery

the group of people who start the legal

proceedings against another party for a
violation of the law
61. the
prosecutor the unlawful taking of property from a person's
immediate possession by force or intimidation
(with person-to-person interaction)
65. sentence

a public official who brings criminal charges

against the suspect
62. ransom
the punishment given by a court of law
66. shoplifting

stealing things from a shop when it's open

payment demanded for the release of a person

or property
67. smuggling 71. swindler

someone who steals by means of fraud

72. terrorist

bringing illegal stuff into a country

68. spy

a person who uses unlawful violence and

intimidation, especially against civilians, in the
pursuit of political aims.
73. theft
someone who tries to get secret information
about another country, organization or person
69. surveillance

taking another person's possession without their

consent/permission (without person-to-person
close watch over a person, group, or area; interaction)
supervision 74. to appeal
70. suspect against a
verdict

to protest a verdict; to apply to a higher court

for a reversal of the decision

the person who is suspected of a crime

75. to bail 80. to commit a
someone crime / carry out
out a crime

to free someone who has been arrested and

would otherwise remain in jail until the trial by do something illegal or bad
providing an amount of money decided by the 81. to deter /
judge preclude crime
76. to be
acquitted
of a
crime

to be declared not guilty of a crime

to prevent crime
77. to be
82. to fight crime
caught
red-
handed

to tackle crime
83. to investigate a
caught in the act of doing something wrong
crime
78. to be
charged
with a
crime

to examine a crime, problem, statement,

etc. carefully, especially to discover the
to be accused of committing a certain crime truth
79. to be
under
arrest

to be in police custody
84. to 89. vandalism
rehabilitate

to bring (someone or something) back to a intentionally damaging or destroying another

normal, healthy condition after an illness, injury, person's property
drug problem, etc.
90. verdict
85. to suspend
a license

usually refers to a driver's license and means

a decision that is made by a jury in court, stating
that your license is taken away for a period of
if somebody is considered guilty of a crime or
time.
not
86. to take
91. victimless
someone
crime
to court

to sue someone a legal offense (as prostitution or gambling) to

which all participating parties have consented
87. traffic
offences 92. violent
crime

breaking the rules of the road and driving

88. trial

crime which includes assault

93. white-
collar
crime

a formal examination of evidence in court by a

judge and often a jury, to decide if somebody
accused of a crime is guilty or not
crimes committed by businessmen or office
workers for financial gain
94. witness

someone who saw the crime being committed and can provide some information
 Globalization
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1. Affluence 5. Consumerism

Abundance of property
The belief that it is good for people and
2. Antiglobalization society to spend a lot of money on goods and
movement services. Although this can take many forms, it
generally refers to very high levels of
excessive consumption.
6. Cooperation

A movement opposing global free trade

trends, on the grounds that such
arrangements allow powerful nations to
exploit weaker ones and harm the people
and environment in developing countries.
3. Borders

A situation in which people work together to

do something
7. Cultural
convergence
Boundaries between countries
4. Capitalism (or
'free enterprise')

The tendency for cultures to become more

An economic system based on private
ownership and making profit
alike as they increasingly share technology
and organizational structures in a modern
world united by improved transportation and
communication. The English language is a
prime example of cultural convergence on a
global scale.
8. Cultural 12. Development
divergence

The act or process of growing or

causing something to grow or become
The restriction of a culture from outside larger or more advanced
cultural influences; The likelihood or 13. Domestic
tendency for cultures to become
increasingly dissimilar with the passage of
time.
9. Demonstration

Relating to, or made in your own

country
14. Economic growth
An event in which people gather together in drivers
order to show that they support or oppose
something or someone
10. Developed
countries

Something that provides development

and growth of economy
15. Emerging
economy (or
Countries with a lot of industrial and
emerging market
economic activity where people generally
economy)
have high incomes.
11. Developing
countries

Nations with social or business activity

in the process of rapid growth and
industrialization
16. Emigration (or 'to
emigrate')

Countries with little industrial and economic

activity where people generally have low
To leave one country in order to settle
incomes
in another. It applies only to people.
17. ethnocentric believing that one's own ethnic and
cultural group is superior than other
groups and cultures
18. Fair trade 22. Global
village

The idea that we became a single community

Trade in which fair prices are paid to due to affordable and effective
producers in developing countries. transportation, mass media, and electronic
communications.
19. Global
economy 23. Human
Development
Index (HDI)

The interconnected economies of the nations

of the world; economic activity that crosses
national borders
20. Globalization
An index prepared by the United Nations
which lists countries in the order of human
achievement taking into consideration three
dimensions: health, education and living
standards.
24. Imbalance (or
inequality)

Growth to a global or worldwide scale; the

process by which businesses or other
organizations develop international influence
or start operating on an international scale.
21. Global trade A state or condition in which different things
(or do not occur in equal or proper amounts
international 25. Immigration
trade) (or 'to
immigrate')

To settle in a foreign country. It suggests

permanent relocation and applies to people.

The exchange of goods and services between 26. Integration

countries. Global trade not only results in
increased efficiency, but also allows countries
to participate in global economy,
encouraging the opportunity of foreign
investments.

The act of bringing together smaller

components into a single system that
functions as one
27. International 31. Local
Monetary
Fund (IMF)

Intergovernmental organization with its Relating to a particular area, city or town

headquarters in Washington, D.C. that focuses 32. Multiculturalism
on maintaining international economic (or
stability. multicultural)
28. Interrelated

A perspective recognizing the cultural

diversity of a country promoting equal
standing for all cultural traditions
33. Multilateral
Connected to one another
29. Investments

Involving more than two groups or

Assets such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, countries
and real estate that are acquired in order to
earn a return rather than provide a service. It 34. National
can also refer to the money put into some
account for making profit.
30. Labor Union

Relating to an entire nation or country

35. National
sovereignty

An organization of workers that tries to

improve working conditions, wages, and The idea that independent nations, which
benefits for its members have declared their independence, have an
organized government and are self-
contained, have a right to exist without
other nations interfering
36. Outsourcing 40. Protest

An event at which people gather together

to show strong disapproval about
something)
A decision by a corporation to turn over 41. Standardization
much of the responsibility for
production to independent suppliers.
37. Policies and
procedures (or
rules and
regulations)

The uniform procedures used in the

administration, implementation and
development of technical standards
Guidelines used in making decisions 42. Standard of
regarding specific, recurring situations living
38. Progress

A quality of life or level of material

prosperity available to an individual or a
group of people. It includes factors such
The process of improving or developing as: income, availability of employment,
something over a period of time affordability of housing, quality of
39. Prosperity healthcare, and many others.
43. Strike

A period of time when workers stop work

in order to force an employer to agree to
their demands

The state of being successful usually by

making a lot of money.
44. Superpower 49. To
(countries) dominate

An extremely powerful nation

45. Supply and
demand

To have control of or power over (someone or

something)
50. To export

Relationship between the amount of

product and the desire for the product Send (goods or services) to another country for
46. Sweatshop (or sale.
sweat factory) 51. To import

Bring (goods or services) into a country from

A workplace with unacceptably severe abroad for sale.
conditions and usually extremely low
wages. 52. Trade
barriers
47. Tariff

Government-imposed regulations that increase

the cost and restrict the number of imported
goods (i.e. goods that are brought into the
A tax on goods coming into or leaving a
country from abroad for sale)
country
48. To accelerate

To cause (something) to happen sooner or

more quickly
53. Unilateral

Involving only one group or country

54. World Trade Organization (WTO)

Global organization that helps countries and producers trade fairly and effectively.
 Food
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1. Addiction 4. Ambrosial

Something extremely pleasing to taste or smell

5. Anorexia

A strong and harmful need to regularly have

something (such as a food) or do something (such
as gamble)
2. Addictive
(foods)

A serious physical and emotional illness in which

an abnormal fear of being fat leads to very poor
eating habits and dangerous weight loss
6. Bitter

Capable of causing a user to develop intense

cravings
3. Allergy

Having a strong and often unpleasant flavor that

is the opposite of sweet
7. Bulimia

A medical condition that causes someone to

become sick after eating, touching, or breathing
something that is harmless to most people

A serious physical and emotional illness in which

people and especially young women eat large
amounts of food and then cause themselves to
vomit in order to not gain weight
8. Carbohydrates 12. Delicious

The starches and sugars present in foods

9. Chewy

Very pleasant to taste

13. Dessert

Something requiring to use your teeth to cut

food into small pieces before you swallow it
10. Crispy

Sweet food eaten at the end of a meal

14. Diseases (and
disorders)

Pleasantly thin, dry, and easily broken

(example: having a pleasantly crisp outer
layer)
11. Crunchy
Illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, stroke,
heart attack, etc.
15. Eating
disorders

Having a hard texture and making a loud

sound when chewed or crushed: not soft or Extreme, harmful eating behaviors that can
mushy cause serious illness or even death
16. Eating 20. Food
patterns contents
(or
dietary
habits)

The decisions an individual makes when choosing

what foods to eat
17. 'Eat the The amount of vitamins ingested are
rainbow' measured in micrograms (ug) or milligrams
(mg). Examples include fat, oil, protein, fiber,
sugar, salt, additives, etc.
21. Genetically
engineered
foods

A strategy for eating veggies and fruits. It's a

simple way to remind us that we need to consume
more varieties of vegetables of all colors.
18. Famine
Also known as Genetically modified (GM)
foods. These are foods derived from
organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has
been modified in a way that does not occur
naturally, e.g. through the introduction of a
gene from a different organism
22. International
A situation in which many people do not have cuisines
enough food to eat
19. Fiber

Styles of cooking or food from various

countries around the world, such as Thai,
Indian, Vietnamese, Chinese, French, etc.
The parts of fruits and vegetables that cannot be
23. Intolerance
digested. Fiber is of vital importance to digestion;
it helps the body move food through the digestive
tract, reduces cholesterol, and contributes to
disease protection.

Exceptional sensitivity (as to a drug or certain

food). It is the inability to properly metabolize
or absorb a substance
24. Juicy 28. Obesity (or
obese)

Containing a lot of juice

Having an excess amount of body fat
25. Lactose
intolerance 29. Overweight

The inability to completely digest the

milk sugar lactose Heavier than the standard weight range for
your height
26. Nutrients
30. Peppery

Compounds in food that the body

requires for proper growth, maintenance,
and functioning
27. Nutritious food
(or nutrient-
dense food)

Containing pepper or having the qualities of

pepper

Nourishing, valuable and satisfying as 31. Processed

food food

Foods that have been treated to change their

physical, chemical, microbiological, or sensory
properties (such as canned, frozen, dried or
precooked foods)
32. Protein 36. Sugary

Tasting or looking like sugar

37. Syrupy
An important dietary component needed by the
body for growth and repair
33. Savoury

Having the appearance or quality of

syrup; thick or sweet
38. To bake

Having a pleasant taste or smell

34. Sour

To cook in the oven with dry heat

39. To be dying of
hunger (idiom)
Having an acid taste that is like the taste of a
lemon
35. Spicy

Exaggeration of saying that you are

hungry

Flavored with or containing strong spices and

especially ones that cause a burning feeling in
your mouth
40. To 44. To
bite deep
fry

To seize with teeth or jaws so as to eat something

To cook (food) in a deep layer of oil or fat
41. To
boil 45. To
devour

To cook (something) in water that is boiling To eat up greedily or ravenously

42. To 46. To
broil digest

To cook by direct exposure to radiant heat

43. To
chew

To change (food that you have eaten) by a

biological process into simpler forms that can be
used by the body
47. To grill

To use your teeth to cut food into small pieces

before you swallow it
To cook (food) on a metal frame over fire
48. To have a sweet 52. To
tooth (idiom) savour

To love sugary foods To enjoy the taste or smell of something

49. To indulge 53. To
steam

To allow (yourself) to have or do

something as a special pleasure
50. To mince
To cook with steam
54. To
stirfry

To cut food into very small pieces

51. To roast
To fry (something) quickly over high heat while
stirring it constantly
55. To
swallow

To cook food with dry heat in an oven or

over a fire

To take (something) into your stomach through

your mouth and throat
56. To taste 60. Zesty

To have a particular taste, to sense the flavor Having a strong, pleasant, and somewhat spicy flavor
of something you eat or drink
57. Unflavoured

Without flavor additives

58. Vitamins
and
minerals

Essential nutrients that do not yield energy, but

that are required for growth and proper
functioning of the body
59. Whole
grains

Grains that contain the whole kernel. Examples

include wheat, wild rice, barley, corn, millet,
buckwheat, oats, etc.
 Health
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1. ache 5. antibiotics

pain which comes in many types, such as a drug that is used to kill harmful bacteria and to
backache, headache, neckache, stomachache, cure infections
etc.
6. asthma
2. adolescence

the transition period from childhood to

adulthood, extending from puberty to
independence
3. adulthood a physical condition that makes it difficult for
someone to breathe
7. bronchitis

the stage of development that begins around

18 to 21 years and ends at death
4. ambulance
an illness in which your bronchial tubes (i.e. air
passages in your lungs) become sore or
damaged and you cough a lot
8. bruises

a vehicle that takes people to and from

hospitals

a dark and painful area on your skin that is

caused by an injury
9. cancer 13. contagious

a serious disease caused by cells that are not

normal and that can spread to one or many parts
infectious; a disease that spreads from one
of the body
person or organism to another by direct or
10. childhood indirect contact
14. cough

the stage of development that begins at about 18

to 24 months and lasts until adolescence
11. chronic

a physical condition or illness that causes

someone to cough
15. cuts

a wound on a person's body that is made by

something sharp
an illness or problem that continues for a long
time 16. dentist

12. cold

tooth doctor
17. deterioration

a common illness that affects the nose, throat,

and eyes and that usually causes coughing, the process of something getting worse
sneezing, etc.
18. diabetes 22. emergency

a disease that prevents the body from converting a sudden unforeseen crisis (usually involving
food into energy danger) that requires immediate treatment or
19. disease resolution
23. emotional
development

an illness that affects a person, animal, or plant; a

condition that prevents the body or mind from
working normally
The development of the full range of
20. doctor
emotions and the optimal way of dealing
with and expressing them
24. epidemic

a widespread occurrence of an infectious

disease in a community at a particular time
A person licensed to practice medicine
25. epidemic
21. a dose breakout
of
medicine

when an epidemic starts suddenly or strikes

a dose of a substance that is used in treating
disease or relieving pain and that is usually in the
form of a pill or a liquid
26. eye drops 30. food
poisoning

liquid substance used for eye treatment an illness usually caused by eating contaminated
food that contains harmful bacteria
27. fatigue
31. fracture

the state of being very tired; extreme weariness

28. fever

the result of breaking something; a crack or break

32. health
status

a disease that causes an increase in body

temperature
29. flu
(influenza)

an individual's or a population's overall health,

taking into account various aspects such as life
expectancy, amount of disability and levels of
disease risk factors.

a common disease that is caused by a virus and

that causes fever, weakness, body aches, and
breathing problems
33. heart 37. immediate
attack action

emergency measures; first aid

38. infancy
a condition in which blood flow to part of the heart
muscle is blocked, causing heart cells to die;
condition in which your heart stops beating
properly
34. a heavy
cold

the stage of development that begins at birth

and lasts between 18 and 24 months
39. infection

a bad/severe cold
a disease caused by germs that enter the body
35. hospital
40. insomnia
/ health
facility

a place where sick or injured people are given care

or treatment and where babies are often born
36. illness

state of being sick the condition of not being able to sleep

41. life
expectancy
/ life span

the average number of years an individual can

be expected to live, given current social,
economic, and medical conditions
42. medical 46. nurse
checkup (or
medical
screening)

a person who is trained to care for sick or

injured people and who usually works in a
hospital or doctor's office
a thorough physical examination by which a 47. onset of
medical professional conducts tests to symptoms
investigate the body of a patient for signs of
disease
43. medical
history

a record of past health problems and when your symptoms become noticeable
illnesses
48. ophthalmologist
44. medicines

physician who studies and treats diseases

of the eye
49. painkiller

drugs that are used to treat or prevent

diseases or other conditions
45. mortality

a drug that decreases or removes pain that

you feel in your body
50. patients

the rate of how many deaths occurred in a

population in a year

a sick person who is under medical care

or treatment.
51. physical 55. psychotherapist
development

development involving the body's physical

makeup, including the brain, nervous system,
muscles, and senses, and the need for food, a professional who is trained to diagnose
drink, and sleep and treat people with mental illnesses and
disorders
52. pill
56. recover

a small, rounded object that you swallow

and that contains medicine, vitamins, etc. to get back to a normal state; to get well
again
53. prenatal
57. remedy

a medicine or treatment that relieves pain

or cures a usually minor illness
before birth
58. researcher
54. preventing
something

someone who searches for information on

a particular subject in a scientific manner
to act ahead of time to avoid something from
happening
59. shot / 63. (suicidal)
injection depression

the act or process of forcing a liquid

A prolonged feeling of helplessness,
medicine or drug into someone or something
hopelessness, and sadness (which can cause
by using a special needle
some people to kill themselves)
60. social
64. surgeon
development

a doctor who performs operations that involve

cutting into someone's body in order to repair
or remove damaged or diseased parts; a
the way in which individuals' interactions with doctor who performs surgery
others and their social relationships grow, 65. surgery
change, and remain stable over the course of
life
61. a sore throat

when a doctor cuts your body open and repairs

or removes something
66. symptoms

a condition in which your throat is red and

feels painful, especially when you swallow
62. stroke

the conditions that together tell a doctor what

is wrong

A sudden attack of weakness or paralysis that

occurs when blood flow to an area of the
brain is interrupted
67. therapy 71. to infect

treatment methods aimed at making people

feel better and function more effectively
68. to diagnose to give someone a disease
72. to make a speedy
recovery

to recognize a disease by signs and

symptoms
69. to have a
filling

to recover fast
73. to perform
surgery on

have your tooth fixed when you have

dental decay
70. to have your
tooth pulled to operate
out 74. to reach epidemic
proportions

when a dentist removes your tooth for fix

dental problems
means that an epidemic has reached a
large scale
75. trend

is a general direction in which something is developing or changing (overall pattern)

76. vaccine

an injection to protect against a particular disease

77. youth

the time of life when someone is young; the time when a young person has not yet become an adult
 Environment
Study online at quizlet.com/_5jmzga

1. The "3 R's" 4. Biodegradable

concept

Capable of being slowly destroyed and

broken down into very small parts by natural
Reducing, Reusing, Recycling processes, bacteria, etc.
2. Acid rain 5. Biodiversity

The variety of all living things on Earth which

include plants, animals, and microorganisms.
6. Carbon
Dioxide (CO2)

Rain containing acids that form in the

atmosphere when industrial gas emissions
combine with water.
3. Adverse
environmental
A type of greenhouse gas (that is causing
effects
global warming) produced by vehicles and
industrial processes
7. Carbon
emissions

Abnormal, harmful, or undesirable impact on

environment

Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide

released in the atmosphere, produced by
vehicles and industrial processes
8. Carbon
footprint

The total carbon dioxide emissions produced

by an individual, group, or location
9. Carbon 13. Contamination
Monoxide
(CO)

A type of poisonous gas released by vehicles The introduction of dangerous chemicals,

and industrial processes. disease, or infectious materials.
10. Chemicals 14. Deforestation

A compound or substance that has been

prepared, especially artificially. The removal of trees faster than forests can
11. Climate replace themselves.
change 15. Droughts

A change in global or regional climate patterns,

in particular a change apparent from the mid to
late 20th century onwards and attributed largely
to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon
dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.
12. Climate
change
mitigation
Most people think it's a period of hot and
dry weather, but that is not completely true.
It is a state or condition when human
demands for water exceed its natural
availability.
16. Ecosystem
Consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate
of long-term climate change

A biological community of interacting

organisms and their physical environment.
17. Emissions 21. Environmentalist
(environmental
activist )

Gases released into the air, especially by

cars and factories
A person who participates in
18. Endangered
environmentalism, a social movement that
species
seeks to protect the environment through
lobbying, activism, and education
22. Exhaust fumes

A species whose numbers are so small that

the species is at risk of extinction
19. Energy
sources Gases ejected from an engine (such as
that of vehicles) as waste products
23. Extinction (to
become extinct )
Examples of this include Coal, Solar,
Natural Gas, Hydropower, Wind,
Geothermal, Biomass, Petroleum, and
Nuclear
20. Environmental
challenges
When a species, family, or other larger
group has no living members (and no
longer exist)
24. Fertilizers

Environmental issues that have harmful

effects on the biophysical environment, such
A substance (such as manure or a special
as pollution, loss of habitat, global climate
chemical) that is added to soil to help the
change, etc.
growth of plants
25. Fossil fuels 28. Habitat

The natural home or environment of an animal,

plant, or other organism.

Coal, oil, natural gas, and other fuels that are 29. Hazardous
ancient remains of plants and animals. waste

26. Global
warming

Any material that can be harmful to human

health or the environment if it is not properly
disposed of
30. Hybrid
cars

An increase in the average temperature of the

earth's atmosphere caused by humans
(resulting in climate change with serious
negative consequences)
27. Greenhouse
gases
(greenhouse Vehicles that run on both, a gasoline and
emissions) electric motor; often increasing fuel efficiency
31. Industrial
waste

Any of various gaseous compounds (such as

carbon dioxide or methane) that absorb solar
radiation, trap heat in our atmosphere, and Waste from production of consumer goods,
contribute to global warming and climate mining, agriculture and petroleum extraction and
change refining
32. Landfill 36. Ozone
layer

An area of land that is used to dispose of waste.

Its purpose is to bury the waste in a way that it A belt of naturally occurring ozone gas that sits
will be isolated from groundwater, kept dry, and above the Earth and serves as a shield from the
out of contact with air. harmful ultraviolet radiation
33. Melting 37. Ozone
glaciers layer
depletion

The increase in Earth's mean temperatures (due to

climate change) has led to the melting of most of Loss of ozone molecules in atmosphere resulting
the world's glaciers. in increase in harmful solar radiation reaching
34. Methane ground level
38. Pesticides

A type of greenhouse (that is causing global Chemicals used on plants that do not harm the
warming) - mainly released by the animal plants, but kill pests and have negative
agriculture industries that raise animals to be repercussions on other species who ingest the
eaten. chemicals.

35. Natural 39. Pollution

disaster

A natural event such as a flood, earthquake, or

hurricane that causes great damage or loss of life.

Release of harmful materials into the

environment
40. Rainforest 44. Sustainable
agriculture

A tropical forest that receives a lot of rain

and that has very tall trees
41. Renewable The act of farming based on an understanding
energy (or of ecosystem services, the study of
'green energy') relationships between organisms and their
environment. Such farming methods preserve
long-term productivity of land and minimize
pollution
45. Threatened
Energy from a source that is not depleted species
when used, such as wind, tidal or solar
power.
42. Replanting

A species that could become endangered in

the near future
46. Tidal
energy

The planting of new trees to replace those

that are cut down
43. Solar panels

Energy that comes from the movement of water

driven by the gravitational pull of the Moon
47. To
conserve
energy

A panel designed to absorb the sun's rays

as a source of energy for generating
electricity or heating.

To use energy carefully in order to prevent loss

or waste
48. To recycle 52. Wind
turbines

To send (used newspapers, bottles, cans, etc.)

to a place where they are made into
something new
49. Toxic Rotating machine that converts kinetic energy of
wind into electric energy

Containing poisonous substances

50. Urbanization

An increase in the percentage and in the

number of people living in urban settlements.
51. Waste
disposal

To dispose of or get rid of waste. There are

three methods of handling solid waste:
burying, recycling, and burning.
 Technology
Study online at quizlet.com/_5k01kn

1. applications 5. a computer
(or apps) buff

an expert computer user

a computer program designed to perform a 6. computer

group of coordinated functions, tasks, or literate
activities for the benefit of the user
2. blog

able to use computers and related technology

efficiently
7. connection

a website on which someone writes about

personal opinions, activities, and experiences
3. breakthrough

the state when two or more devices are

connected (either physically or virtually via the
Internet or a network)
making a very important discovery
8. cutting-
4. cloud edge
computing

the newest design or the most advanced way of

A system in which all computer programs and doing something
data is stored on a central server owned by a
company (e.g. Google) and can be accessed
virtually from anywhere (by using the Internet).
In other words, data is not stored on any hard
drive, but is instead stored virtually in
cyberspace.
9. cyber 13. digital editing

of, relating to, or involving computers or to edit digital materials like audio or
computer networks (as the Internet) video files

10. cyberbullying 14. digital native

someone who grew up with computers,

the use of electronic communication to video games, and the Internet from the
bully a person, typically by sending time she or he was born and is
messages of an intimidating or comfortable using these technologies
threatening nature
15. e-commerce
11. desktop PC

activities that relate to the buying and

selling of goods and services over the
Internet
16. gadget /
equipment (or 'a
piece of
equipment') /
a computer that isn't portable and
appliance
remains in situ on a desk
12. The Digital Age
(also known as
'Information Age,' a device that is very useful for a particular
'Computer Age' or job
'New Media Age')

a historic period in the 21st century

characterized by the rapid shift from
traditional industry to an economy
based on information technology
(brought about through the Internet)
17. hardware 21. intranet

a local or restricted communications network,

especially a private network (within an
the physical parts of a computer organisation) that is not accessible by
unauthorised visitors
18. high-spec
(laptop) 22. obsolete
/
outdated

powerful computer with top quality

components
19. innovation
no longer used because something newer and
better exists; replaced by something newer
23. operating
system

the act of introducing a new method, idea,

device, etc.
20. Internet
security

the software that tells the computer how to work

24. portable

Internet safety

capable of moving or being moved; something

which is very easy to carry
25. privacy 28. social media

forms of electronic communication through

is the ability of an individual or group to which users create online communities to
seclude themselves, or information about share information, ideas, personal messages,
themselves, and thereby express themselves and other content
selectively 29. software
26. programs

the programs that run on a computer and

a sequence of instructions that can be executed
perform certain functions
by a computer
30. a techie
27. send an
attachment

somebody who has an interest in technology

31. technological
revolution

Send an email with an accompanying file

major and sweeping changes brought about

by new technology
32. tech-savvy 37. to
browse
websites

to look at websites; to use a special program

(called a browser) to find and look at information
knowing a lot about modern technology,
on the Internet
especially computers
38. to crash
33. to access

to suddenly stop working

a means to obtain entry or a means of
approach 39. to cut
and paste
34. to back up files

to move text or images from one place in a

document to another place
to make a copy of files in case of a
40. to
computer problem
download
35. to bookmark a
webpage

to mark a webpage for future reference

36. to boot up
To copy data (or transfer a file) from one
computer system (or device) to another

to start a computer
41. to enter a 46. user-friendly
web address

to type the address of a website into the

address bar of your browser
42. to go online easy to learn, use, understand, or deal with
47. video
conferencing

to start using the Internet To see and hear people from different
locations using the Internet (and softwares
43. to navigate a
such as Skype)
website
48. viral

to find your way around a website

44. to surf the
web

something that is quickly and widely

circulated from one Internet user to another,
as in "a viral video"
49. virtual reality
(VR)

to look at a series of websites one after the

other
45. to upgrade

An artificial environment that puts the user

into a three-dimensional (3-D) space
generated by a computer through the use of
special goggles

to obtain a more powerful or feature-rich

computer or piece of software
50. wifi

a facility allowing computers, smartphones, or other devices to connect to the Internet or communicate with one
another wirelessly within a particular area.
51. wireless
hotspot

a public place where you can access the Internet

52. wireless
network

a network where users can access the Internet without the use of fixed cables; a form of computer networking or other
communication that uses radio signals and microwaves to transmit data
 Outer Space
Study online at quizlet.com/_5kzxaf

1. aeronautics 5. astronomy

the study of the moon, stars, and other objects

in space
the study or practice of travel through the air 6. atmosphere
2. asteroid

any of numerous small celestial bodies

composed of rock and metal that move around
the sun (mainly between the orbits of Mars and
Jupiter)
3. astronaut the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or
another planet
7. aurora
(northern
lights)

a shimmering light display in the sky caused by

charged particles from the sun
a person who is trained to travel into outer
space 8. axis (Earth)

4. astronomer

an imaginary line that passes from the North

Pole to the South Pole through Earth's center

a scientist who studies astronomy (i.e. the stars

and other objects in the sky)
9. Big Bang 13. cosmology
Theory

the theory that the universe originated in a

huge explosion that released all matter and
study of the universe as a totality; theory
energy
of the origin and structure of the universe
10. black holes
14. Earth

dense objects with gravity so strong that not

the name of the planet on which we live
even light can escape their surface
15. eclipse
11. comet

the partial or total blocking of one object

a loose collection of ice and dust that orbits
in space by another
the sun, typically in a long, narrow orbit.
16. electromagnetic
12. constellation
spectrum

the complete range of electromagnetic

waves placed in order of increasing
frequency
17. explosion
a group of stars that form a pattern in the sky

the act of exploding or bursting something

18. galaxy 22. lunar
eclipse

an eclipse that happens when the Earth comes

between the sun and the moon (the moon
a collection of millions or billions of stars, appears red)
dust, and gas, held together by gravity 23. meteor
19. gravity /
gravitational
force

a streak of light in the sky produced by the

burning of a meteoroid in Earth's atmosphere.
24. meteorite

a force of attraction between objects that is

due to their masses.
20. Hubble
space
telescope

a stony or metallic object that has fallen to Earth

from outer space
25. meteor
shower
a space telescope that was launched into
Earth's orbit in 1990 and remains in operation
today (it has improved our knowledge of the
universe)
21. light year
a transient shower of meteors when a meteor
swarm enters the earth's atmosphere
26. Milky
Way

the distance that light travels in one year

the name of our galaxy (containing our Sun and

solar system)
27. moon 31. phases of
the moon /
lunar
phases

a natural object that revolves around a

planet
28. NASA (National
Aeronautics and the progression of changes in the moon's
Space appearance during the month
Administration)
32. planet

a large body in space that orbits a star and

an independent agency of the United does not produce light of its own
States government responsible for 33. revolution
aviation and spaceflight
29. Neil Armstrong

one complete orbit of the Earth around the sun

or of the moon around Earth

the first person to walk on the moon 34. rocket

30. orbit

the path an object follows as it moves

around another object
a vehicle, missile, or aircraft which obtains
thrust by the reaction to the ejection of fast
moving exhaust from within a rocket engine
35. rotation 39. solar
system

the spinning of Earth on its axis, causing day and sun, planets, and all the other objects that
night in a 24 hour time period revolve around the sun
36. satellite 40. spacecraft

a vehicle or device designed for travel or

operation outside Earth's atmosphere
41. space
a natural or artificial body that revolves around a
exploration
planet
37. season

the ongoing discovery of celestial structures in

outer space by means of continuously evolving
a period of the year characterized by particular and growing space technology
conditions of weather, and temperature 42. space
38. solar shuttle
eclipse

an eclipse in which the sun is obscured by the

moon.

a spacecraft that can carry a crew into space,

return to Earth, and then be reused for the same
purpose
43. space 47. sun
station

a large artificial satellite on which people can

live and work for long periods
44. spherical the star at the centre of our solar system
48. telescope

a device built to observe distant objects by

making them appear closer

shaped like a sphere (i.e. round like a ball) 49. terrestrial

45. stars

bodies in space that give out their own light of or relating to the earth or its inhabitants

46. Stephen 50. to collide

Hawking (collision)

an instance of one moving object or person

striking violently against another

an author/scientist whose research indicated that

black holes can lose mass over time
51. to 56. Yuri Gagarin
disintegrate

break into parts or components or lose

cohesion or unity the first person to travel to space.

52. to smash

to violently break into a lot of pieces violently

53. universe

All of space and everything in it

54. waning

(of the moon) pertaining to the period during

which the visible surface of the moon
decreases
55. waxing

(of the moon) pertaining to the period during

which the visible surface of the moon increases
 Art
Study online at quizlet.com/_5l7a56

1. abstract 5. art
gallery

a room or building that is used for showing paintings

and other art to the public
6. artist

existing in thought or as an idea but not having a

physical or concrete existence
2. acrylic
paint

a person who creates art

7. artistry
a plastic, water soluble pigment used for painting
3. aesthetic

a superior skill learned by study and practice and

observation
8. auction

pertaining to beauty
4. animation the technique of photographing successive
drawings or positions of puppets or models to
create an illusion of movement when the movie is
shown as a sequence

the public sale of something to the highest bidder

9. calligraphy 13. ceramics

art of beautiful handwriting

10. canvas
pots and other articles made from clay
hardened by heat
14. characteristics

a piece of cloth on which an artist paints

11. caricature

distinguishing traits, qualities, or properties

15. cinema

an exaggerated portrayal of one's features

12. cartoon
movies; motion-picture industry
16. cinematic

make a drawing of (someone) in a simplified or grand or dramatic; like a film

exaggerated way
17. classicism 21. contents

the principles and styles admired in the

the things that are held or included in
classics of Greek and Roman literature, such
something
as objectivity, sensibility, restraint, and
formality 22. contrast

18. collage

picture made from fragments of other

pictures
difference between things
19. composition
23. cool
colors

colors suggesting coldness: blue, green, purple

24. crayons

the organization of elements in a work of art

20. contemporary
art

wax pencils for coloring and drawing

art produced at the present period in time
25. drawing 29. engraving

the process or art of cutting or carving a

design on a hard surface, especially so as to
using shapes or other tools such as the pen or make a print
pencil to for a graphical representation of
something 30. exhibition

26. elements
of art

a collection of things (goods or works of art

etc.) for public display
31. expressionism

the visual components of color, form, line,

shape, space, texture, and value
27. embroidery

a style of painting, music, or drama in which

the artist or writer seeks to express
designs sewn on the cloth with threads emotional experience rather than impressions
28. emphasis of the external world
32. figurative

using figures of speech; symbolic, not literal

special importance or significance given to
something
33. foreground 37. infrastructure

the part of a work depicted as nearest to the the basic framework of a building or a
viewer system

34. genre 38. landscape

a large area with a particular kind of scenery,

such as a desert landscape
39. masterpiece
a category of artistic composition, as in music
or literature, characterized by similarities in
form, style, or subject matter
35. graffiti

a work of outstanding artistry, skill, or

workmanship
40. medium

pictures or words painted or drawn on a wall,

building, etc.
36. harmony

the materials that are used to create a work

of art, such as paints (for painting), clay (for
statues), etc.

the quality of forming a pleasing and consistent

whole
41. mixed 45. oil
media / paints
multimedia

art made with a combination of different

materials
42. modeling a mixture of dry pigments with oil,turpentine and
sometimes varnish
46. paint
brush

the art or activity of making three-dimensional

models
43. modern

used to selectively apply color to an image with

control of size, flow, and opacity
47. painting

new; relating to recent times or present

44. montage

a picture made with paint

48. pattern

the process or technique of selecting, editing,

and piecing together separate sections of film
to form a continuous whole

the geometric arrangement of objects in space

49. perception 53. poetry

the ability to see, hear, or become aware of a kind of rhythmic literature that uses figures of
something through the senses speech and imagery designed to express ideas,
feelings and imagination
50. performance
art 54. pop art

a work involving the human body, usually

including the artist, in front of an audience
51. perspective
art based on modern popular culture and the mass
media, especially as a critical or ironic comment on
traditional fine art values
55. portrait

point of view
52. photographs
a drawing, painting, or photograph of a person,
especially the face
56. pottery

pictures taken with a camera

ceramic pots and ware earthenware, and stoneware

57. printmaking 61. sketch

process in which an artist repeatedly transfers

an original image from one prepared surface a rough drawing representing the main features of
to another an object or scene
58. properties 62. still life
of color

characteristics of colors: hue, value, intensity

59. romanticism
a picture depicting an arrangement of inanimate
objects
63. structure

a movement in literature and art during the late

18th and early 19th centuries that celebrated
the way in which parts are arranged or put
nature rather than civilization
together to form a whole
60. sculpture /
64. style
statue

a set of characteristics of the art of a culture, a

period, or school of art; the characteristic
expression of an individual artist

a three dimensional work of art

65. surrealism 69. three-
dimensional

having the dimensions of height, width, and

an artistic movement that sought to release the depth
creative potential of the unconscious mind by 70. to interpret
emphasizing imagination (interpretation)
66. tapestry

the process of understanding the meaning

of the message from the speaker's point of
view and letting the speaker know that you
a wall hanging of heavy handwoven fabric with
understand
pictorial designs
71. two-
67. theater
dimensional
arts

a form of fine art that uses live performers,

typically actors or actresses, to present the having length and width; having area, but
experience of a real or imagined event before a not volume
live audience in a specific place, often a stage 72. variety /
68. theme assortment

a number of different kinds

a unifying idea that is a recurrent element in a

literary or artistic work
73. virtual

refers to an image produced by the imagination and not existing in physical form
74. visual
literacy

the ability to transform thoughts and information into images; visual communication takes place when people are able
to construct meaning from the visual image
75. warm
colors

colors suggesting warmth: red, yellow, and orange

76. watercolors

a water soluble medium used for painting