ACADEMY YEAR 2022-23 SEMESTER THIRD BRANCH – CE

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, WASHIM

SUBJECT : ADVANCED SURVEYING (ASU)

A MICRO PROJECT :INFORMATION ABOUT EDM

ROLL NO NAME ENROLLMENT NO

13 KRISHNA K. JANGID 2100310121

14 SHRUTI S. KESWANI 2100310125

PAVAN V. KHODKE 2100310126

15
16 KUNAL D. NIMKAR 2100310127

PAWAN R. KYATAMWAR 2100310128

17
DHANRAJ D. LAHANKAR 2100310129
18

GUIDE BY H.O.D.
(MS.RITA BHANGALE) ( MR.A. D. DHOLE)

PRINCIPAL
(Dr. B.G.GAWALWAD)
(Government Polytecchnic, Washim)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-23
 CERTIFICATE
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,WASHIM
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

This is to certify that by Mr.Ms.

Roll no of Department of civil Engineering has

Completed this micro project of the subject name

INFORMATION ABOUT EDM with four walls of the institute.

Date : / / 2022

Place : Washim

Principal
Dr. B.G.Gawalwad
Ms.Rita Bhangale. Mr.A.D.Dhole.
Lecture in Civil Dept. Head of Department

(Department of civil Engineering) (Department of civil Engineering)

 INDEX

1
introduction

2
Electromagnetic waves

3
Principle of edm

4 Distance measurement

5 Edm in total station

6 Precision and errors in edm

7 applications

8 conclusion
Introduction

• First introduced by Swedish physicist Eric

Bergstrand (Geodimeter) in 1948.

• Distance measurement by electronic method

• Relay on propagation, reflection and subsequent

reception of electromagnetic radiation or waves.

Source : Civiljungle.com
 Electromagnetic Waves

• Among waves of different length, micro, infrared

and visible light waves are useful for the distance
measurement

• The nature of reflector in EDM is based on waves.

Electromagnetic Waves

• If infrared wave or laser is used, the "reflector" is

typically a passive medium which bounces the signal
back

• In case of microwave, the reflector captures the incoming

energy and retransits it back to the originating instrument

Source : theconstructor.org
Principle of EDM
• Electromagnetic waves from an instrument is transmitted
to a retroreflector, which instantly returns them to the
transmitting instrument

• However, speed of light is very high and the time interval

needs to be measured extremely accurately

• Instend, the principle of EDM is based on following

improvised relationship;

L=Nλ+p L = Total distance travelled by the wave

N = Integer number of wavelengths

λ = Wavelength

p = Partial wavelength
 Distance Measurement

• Electromagnetic radiation has sinusoidal wave form and

repeats every
360°
• The distance between wave form ends is the wavelength
λ

• EDM uses the signal structure and determines the phase

shift between two waves for distance
Distance Measurement
• The signal leaves the EDM at 0° phase, goes through N
number of full phases on its way to and from the
reflector, and returns to the some angle between 0° and
360° creating a partial wavelength p

Thus, Total Distance L= N λ + p

EDM in Total Station
• EDM only measures slope distance when at different
elevation

• To measure horizontal and vertical distance, EDM is

combined with theodolite Total Station

H= S x sin Z

V=
S
x
co
sZ

Source : jerrymahun.com
 Types of EDM instruments
Microwave Instruments

• Make use of micro waves

• Range up to100 km
• Tellurometer
Infrared wave Instruments

• Use of amplitude modulated infrared waves

• Range up to 3 km
• DISTOMAT DI 1000 and DISTOMAT DI

55

Light wave Instruments

• Rely on propagation of modulated light waves

• Range up to 2.5 km at night and 3 km at day
• Geodimeter
 EDM Instruments

Geodimeter
• Light radio waves are used
• Instrument setup at one end and
reflector at other end

• Can measure up to 25 km with an

accuracy of +(2 to 10mm + 1 ppm)

It is heavier

Tellurometer

• High frequency radio waves are used

• Two identical instrument each at one

end

• Can measure between 30 to 80 km

• with an accuracy of the order +(15 mm + 5ppm)

• It is lighter
Precision and Errors in EDM
• Accuracy in measurement of (1mm+1ppm) to (5mm+5ppm)

• Total error = ± (Constant error + scale error)

The errors in EDM can be summarized as:

1. Personal Errors

• Careless centering of instrument and/or reflector

• Faulty measurement of heights

• Atmospheric pressures and temperature determination errors

Errors in EDM contd…
2. Instrumental errors

• Calibration errors

• Chances of getting maladjusted

• Errors shown by the reflectors

3. Natural errors

• Atmospheric variations in temperature, pressure as well as

humidity.

• Multiple refraction of the signals

Merits of EDM
• Easy, effective and fast

• Useful in measuring long distances

• Automatic and digital

• Online operation and direct transfer of data

• Eliminate reading, writing and data transferring error

Demerits of EDM
• Weather affects working of instrument

• Battery and electricity dependent

• Loss of data is an important consideration

• Typically heavier than a transit or tape

• Initial cost is higher than Plane Table, Chain or Tacheometer

method
Applications
• Used in total station for collection of large number of points

• Construction layout

• Topography and As-Built

• Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)

• Nondestructive Testing(NDT)

• Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR)

• Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR)

• Military Laser Rangefinders

• Pulsed Distance Meters for Surveying

Conclusion
• From this micro project, We can conclude that if we used the
EDM we can skip the chaining and other serving process.

• If we used the EDM , then the serving process is make easier.