Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF TRADES AND TECHNOLOGY

Chapter 3
A World of Regions

STUDY GUIDE

THE NORTH-SOUTH DIVIDE

The north-south divide is broadly considered a socio-economic and political divide. Generally, definition of of
the global north include the united state, Canada, western Europe as well as Australia and New Zealand. The
global south is made up of Africa, Latin America, and developing Asia including the middle east.

West and east in 1494

this is when the newly discovered lands outside Europe were divided into two- the west belonging to the
crown of castile (now part of Spain) and the east belonging to the Portuguese Empire

World Division During the Cold War

THE Cold war between US and USSR created the division between the capitalist/ Democratic States and
Communist States

First World and Second World

the capitalist economists were considered first word and the communist economist were referred to as
second world

First World
 it encompassed all industrialized, democratic countries, which were assumed to be allied with the
United States in its struggle against the Soviet Union Finland and Switzerland maintained strict
neutrality

Second World
 it was anchored on the industrialized, communist real of the Soviet Union and its eastern European
satellites yet it often included poor communist states located elsewhere.

Third World
 This refers to countries that did not belong to either type of formal economies
 The third world was defined as the non-aligned world and as the global realm of poverty and under-
developed.

The Global North

 Refers to developed societies of Europe and North America, which are characterized by established
wealth, technological advancement, political stability, zero population growth and dominance of world
trade politics

The Global South

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CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF TRADES AND TECHNOLOGY

 Refers to the developing countries which represents mainly agrarian economies in Africa, India, Latin
America and others that are not as economically sound politically stable
 Tend to be characterized by war, conflict, poverty and tyranny

GLOBAL NORTH VS GLOBAL SOUTH

 Global North are considered as the high-income countries such as Norway, Australia, New Zealand,
Canada, US, Belgium, Iceland, Japan Sweden, Netherlands and most of western Europe
 Global South are countries that are less developed and characterized by ow level of economic
development, large inequalities in living standard and lowlife expectancy such as Africa, Latin America
and developing Asia including Middle East

First World and Second World

 home to all the members of the g8 and p5 members of the United Nations security council
 richer and developed region
 95% has enough food and shelter
 Economy: industries and major business, commerce and finance

Third world
Poor and less developed region
5% has enough food and shelter
Source of raw material of the north

The north
Controls 4/5 of the income earned anywhere in the world
90%of the manufacturing industries are owned by located in the North

The South
Has access to 1/5 of the world’s income
As nations become part of the North, regardless of geographical location any nations that do not qualify for
developed status are in effect deemed to part of the South

Global Divides are not purely of a geographical division but rather focused on socio-economic and political
affiliations and status

How The Third World Become the Global South: The Origins of The Third World
the world was largely divided into several empires in the 19th century. Each empire possessed a civilized
central that were more or less primitive or even barbaric. The third world was coined in 1952 by Alfred Sauvy,
a French demographer, anthropologist, and economic historian who compared it with the Third estate, a
concept that emerged in the context of the French revolution

 First estate refers to the clergy and the monarch

 Second Estate Refers to the Nobility
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CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF TRADES AND TECHNOLOGY

 Third Estate refers to the balance of French population as contrasted the poor countries to the first
world and the second world

Most people in the third world lived far from global sources of economic, political and military power. Most
were subjugated, most illiterate, even then they, formed a majority of the world population. But such
awareness was growing among leaders with this poor culture raised hopes and inspired many third world
leaders to try to improve colonial living conditions and win political independence. Opposition to domination
by the first world (colonization) also grew through increasing migration and travel, including that stimulated by
the two World Wars. Many troops who had participated in these wars were from what soon to be the third
world

Characteristics of Global North and Global South

Global North Global South

 Low poverty  High Poverty
 Low child Mortality  High child Mortality
 High Economic and Educational  low Economic and Educational
Development Development
 Advance technological Advancement  Low self-Consumption of natural resources
 Stable governments  Vulnerable to exploitation by large
 Low fertility Rates corporations and industrial nations
 Low gender Related Illiteracy  Less technological advancement
 Economy is dependent on developed
countries
 Unstable governments
 High Fertility Rates
 High Gender Related Illiteracy

Global Conception Emerged from the experiences of Latin American Countries

Growth rate in some Latin American Countries have surprised many. They have been continuously high for
some years and promise to be so in the next period as well.

Latin American’s contributions are especially visible and relevant such as regionalism, security management,
and Latin America’s relations with the outside world.

Asian Regionalism
Regionalism - a political ideology that favors a specific region over a greater area
- It usually results due to political separation, religion, geography, culture boundaries,
linguistics regions and managerial divisions
- Is the theory or practice of regional rather than central systems of administration of
economic cultural or political affiliation
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CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF TRADES AND TECHNOLOGY

Why countries form regional organization?

- They form regional organization as a way of coping with the challenges of globalization

Asian Regionalism
- the product of economic interaction between Asian countries.
- Asian economies have grown not only richer, but also closer together.
- New technological trends have further strengthened ties among them, as have the rise if
the China and India and the region’s growing weight in the global economy
- The 1997/1998 financial crisis dealt a severe setback too much of the region, highlighting
Asia’s shared interests and common vulnerabilities and providing an impetus for regional
cooperation
- In the early stages of Asia’s economic takeoff, regional integration proceeded slowly. East
Asian economies focused on exporting to developed countries markets
- The Japanese economist Akamatsu (1962) famously compared this pattern development to
flying geese. In this model, economies moved in formation not because they were directly
linked to each other, but because they followed similar paths
- Now Asian Economies are becoming intertwined
- Interdependence is deepening because Asia’s Economies have grown large and prosperous
enough to become important to each other, and because their patterns of production
increasingly depend on networks that span several Asian economies and involve wide
ranging exchanges of parts and components among them

Regionalization VS Globalization
A process of dividing an area into smaller A process by which the people of the world
segment called regions are unified into a single society and function
The division of a nation into states or provinces together

 As to nature, globalization promotes the integration of economics across state borders all
around the world but regionalization is precisely the opposite because it is dividing an area
into smaller segments
 As to market, globalization allows many companies to trade on international level so it
allows free market but in regionalized system monopolies are likely develop
 As to cultural and societal relations, globalization accelerate to multiculturalism by free and
inexpensive movement of people but, regionalization does not support this
 As to aid, globalized international community is also more willing to come to the aid of a
country stricken by a natural disaster but, a regionalized system does not get involved in the
affairs of others areas
 As to technological advances, globalization has driven great advances in technologies but
advance technology is rarely available in one country or region

Factors Leading to the Greater integration of the Asian Regions

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 Regional integration is a process in which neighboring state enter into an agreement in order to
upgrade cooperation through common institutions and rules
 The objectives of the agreement could range from economic to political to environmental, although it
has typically taken the form of a political economy initiative
 Regional integration has been organized either via supranational institutional structures or through
intergovernmental decision-making, or a combination of both
 Regional integration has often focused on removing barriers to free trade in the region, increasing the
free movement of people, labor, goods and capital across national borders, reducing the possibility of
regional armed conflict and adopting cohesive regional stances on policy issues such as the
environment, climate change and migration.
 Intra-regional trade refers to trade which focuses on economic exchange primarily between countries
of the same region or economic zone
 In recent years, countries within economic-trade regimes such as ASEAN in southeast Asia for example
have increased the level of trade and commodity exchange between themselves which reduces the
inflation and tariff barriers associated with foreign markets resulting in growing prosperity