Somalia National Security

Sate: idea of state and institutional

Nation: territory and people

Somalia borders: Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1600 km, Kenya 680 km.

Somali Sea border - 42km of the coastline

(Indian Ocean) it’s same off to the land

EZ – 200mile (ecomnic zone)

Continental -200mile

Shelf – qolfa qaraaded

Maritime law

Somali Red sea border – 150km

1948 – Westphalia treaty – was designed the structure of the world.

Westphalia regarded the origin of the modern ideas of the state sovereignty, religious tolerance
and internal relations and diplomacy. This treaty grounded a peaceful settlement for the nations
that fought over religious differences (between catholic states led by Spain, France, the Dutch,
and Protestant nations of Sweden in Europe. The war between these nations lasted 30 years
(1618 and1648 and is considered one of the deadliest in the history of Europe that claimed the
lives of more 80 million people. The participants of the treaty were 96, representatives from
different entities under the Holy Roman Empire. The conferences held in the two cities of
Osnabriick and Munste.

Outcome and the Legacy of the Treaty

During the peace negotiations, the sides agreed on the following resolutions.

1. The treaty freed the nations from pressure and influence of the church. This was the
beginning of the journey of secularism evolution that is center of the modern government
2. Initially, the war was a mean or, a tool of policy change used by the nations to gain their
political and economic repositioning over the other nations. The treaty replaced this with
negotiations and the diplomacy as a way to solve dispute between the nations.

3. To respect the sovereignty each nation to exist. This means each nation will be free from
fear and oppression but, if there is any difference between the nations will be settled
through negotiations and diplomacy
State’s core values which include:

 Physical based: Land and population

 The idea of state: wellbeing of the society.

 Constitutional base : (Ministry of justice , National army and so on).

Somali – Dadka (cirqiga),

Somalia – Dalka (the map of Somalia )

Object – our political identity

1792 – France revolution

Centralized and confederised.

There are 12 types of federalism.

Federalism is a government where the power is centralized.

Dowladnimu waa aragti taas oo ah mid jiri karta, nolaan karta

The cold war 1947- 1989

The Berlin wall was opened 1989 (East and West Germany)

1952-1976 USA & Ethiopia – defense Pac

1962/63 MOW

1974-1977 Somalia & Soviet (Friendship treaty)

1976 – Ethiopia & Soviet (Friendship treaty)

1977 - USA & Somalia (Friendship treaty)

1976-1989 Ethiopia & Soviet

1977-1989 Somalia & USA

The political was belt the historical framework.

The historical foundation was two: - 1. Fact , 2. Created

Nation: A group of people who share a common language, culture, history, and ethnicity.

State: A political entity with a defined territory, population, government, and sovereignty.

Top down. State

Military regime Democracy system

Bottom up.
Society

The social contract of UK was written 1215 (808)

1680- (460) ayay ku qadatay inay hirgaliyaan social contract ay wada qortaan.

1527-1648 , 121 fikirka Martin

1945- the subject or lecture of national security.

Human securities are more importance than sate security.

International relations works into :

1. Conflicts 2. Co operations
 The society they have to elect their leaderships.

election process: 1. Rules & procedure.

(Justice)

Power

Rules & Election Power into transfer -

(Legitimacy) Terms
procedure (Peace)
Process

Society

state security – legitimacy, justice and peace transferred.

Social security – from to power

Insecurity – 1. Potential treat –big treat, 2. Threat perception - magic treat.

Power – is to have someone a power to do someones order to fill his authority, power either be
reward or punishment.
 Global security

International security

Regional security

National security

Level of analysis
1. Global security
2. International security
3. Regional security
4. National security

World system are divided into 3 ways

1. unit system

2. Global system

3. Regional system

Unit – District-Shibis

System –Benadir region- system

Benadir region-Somalia-system
 1. The realist schools
The Realist School of Thought is a major theoretical approach in the study of international relations. It
emphasizes the role of power and self-interest in shaping the behavior of states in the international
system. Realists believe that the international system is characterized by anarchy, meaning that there is
no higher authority or government above states to enforce rules or resolve conflicts. In this
environment, states must rely on their own military, economic, and political power to ensure their
security and survival.

This diagram represents the state-centric model of world politics:1

Intergovernmental Organization

Interstate
politics
Domestic
politics

Government 1 Government 2

Society 1 Society 2

Table 1: Issues and Realism

Issues Assumptions

Human Nature Selfish

Most Important Actor States

Causes of State Behavior Rational Pursuit of self-interest

Nature of International System Anarchy

2. Transnationalism School of Thought

1
The Liberalism/ Transnationalism School of Thought is another major theoretical
approach in the study of international relations, which emphasizes the role of
cooperation, institutions, and values in shaping the behavior of states in the
international system.

Intergovernmental Organization

Interstate politics

Domestic politics
Transnational
interaction
Government 1 Government 2

Society 1 Society 2

Realist Transnationalism

States are the only significant actors States are not the only significant actors

Transnationalism forces are also important

Military force is the dominant instrument Force is not the only significant instrument.

Economic manipulation and international

institutions are also important instruments

Security is the dominant goal Security is not the dominant goal; social

welfare is the dominant goal